Charge Management Optimization for Future TOU Rates
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Co 80007, USA
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World Electr. Veh. J. 2016, 8(2), 521-530; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj8020521
Published: 24 June 2016
Abstract
The effectiveness of future time of use (TOU) rates to enable managed charging depends on the vehicle’s flexibility and the benefits to owners. This paper adopts opportunity, delayed, and smart charging methods to quantify these impacts, flexibilities, and benefits. Simulation results show that delayed and smart charging methods can shift most charging events to lower TOU rate periods without compromising the charged energy and individual driver mobility needs.
Keywords:
EV (electric vehicle); smart grid; charging; off-peak; renewable
Share and Cite
MDPI and ACS Style
Zhang, J.; Markel, T. Charge Management Optimization for Future TOU Rates. World Electr. Veh. J. 2016, 8, 521-530. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj8020521
AMA Style
Zhang J, Markel T. Charge Management Optimization for Future TOU Rates. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2016; 8(2):521-530. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj8020521
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Jiucai, and Tony Markel. 2016. "Charge Management Optimization for Future TOU Rates" World Electric Vehicle Journal 8, no. 2: 521-530. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj8020521
