Involvement of Workers in Closed and Semiclosed Institutions in Outbreaks of Acute Gastroenteritis Due to Norovirus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Type of Study, Study Period and Study Population
2.2. Outbreaks Included in the Study
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Data Analysis and Management
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Males | Females | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (Years) | Symptomatic | Exposed | Attack Rate | Symptomatic | Exposed | Attack Rate | p-Value |
17–25 | 10 | 17 | 58.82% | 29 | 45 | 64.44% | 0.69 |
26–35 | 11 | 38 | 28.95% | 28 | 58 | 48.28% | 0.06 |
36–45 | 10 | 27 | 37.04% | 20 | 55 | 36.36% | 0.95 |
46–55 | 5 | 24 | 20.83% | 31 | 83 | 37.35% | 0.13 |
56–65 | 4 | 14 | 28.57% | 14 | 37 | 37.84% | 0.54 |
NA | 1 | 8 | 12.50% | 12 | 45 | 26.67% | 0.35 |
Total | 41 | 128 | 32.03% | 134 | 323 | 41.49% | 0.06 |
Type of Institution (Total Affected) 1 | Symptomatic | Exposed | Attack Rate | RR (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Summer camp | ||||
Person-to-person (74) | 1 | 11 | 9.09% | 0.17 (0.02 to 1.30) |
Common vehicle (105) | 12 | 32 | 37.5% | 1 |
Mixed transmission (4) | 0 | 8 | 0% | NC |
Total (183) | 13 | 51 | 25.49% | |
School | ||||
Person-to-person (144) | 15 | 56 | 26.79% | 1.93 (1.07 to 3.49) |
Common vehicle (24) | 11 | 69 | 15.94% | 1 |
Total (168) | 26 | 125 | 20.80% | |
Daycare center | ||||
Person-to-person (69) | 6 | 14 | 42.86% | NC |
Common vehicle (0) | 0 | 0 | 0% | |
Total (69) | 6 | 14 | 42.86% | |
Hotel | ||||
Person-to-person (14) | 9 | 40 | 22.5% | 0.93 (0.44 to 1.95) |
Common vehicle (48) | 5 | 21 | 23.81% | 1 |
Total (62) | 14 | 61 | 22.95% | |
Nursing home | ||||
Person-to-person (400) | 77 | 133 | 57.89% | 1.03 (0.78 to 1.38) |
Common vehicle (93) | 28 | 50 | 56.00% | 1 |
Total (493) | 105 | 183 | 57.37% | |
Long-term care facility | ||||
Person-to-person (55) | 11 | 17 | 64.70% | NC |
Common vehicle (0) | 0 | 0 | 0% | |
Total (55) | 11 | 17 | 64.70% | |
Total | ||||
Person-to-person (756) | 119 | 271 | 43.91% | 1.35 (1.05 to 1.74) |
Common vehicle (270) | 56 | 172 | 32.56% | 1 |
Mixed transmission (4) | 0 | 8 | 0% | NC |
Total (1030) | 175 | 451 | 38.80% |
Type of Institution | Symptomatic | Exposed | Attack Rate | RR (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Summer camp | 0.30 (0. 19 to 0. 48) 1 | |||
Workers | 13 | 51 | 25.49 | |
Users | 170 | 201 | 84.58 | |
Total | 183 | 252 | 72.62 | |
Schools | 0.25 (0.17 to 0.35) 1 | |||
Workers | 26 | 125 | 20.80 | |
Users | 141 | 167 | 84.43 | |
Total | 167 | 292 | 57.19 | |
Daycare center | 0.53 (0.28 to 0.97) 1 | |||
Workers | 6 | 14 | 42.86 | |
Users | 62 | 76 | 81.58 | |
Total | 68 | 90 | 75.56 | |
Hotel | 0.26 (0.16 to 0.42) 1 | |||
Workers | 14 | 61 | 22.95 | |
Users | 48 | 55 | 87.27 | |
Total | 62 | 116 | 34.83 | |
Nursing home | 0.69 (0.61 to 0.79) 1 | |||
Workers | 105 | 183 | 57.38 | |
Users | 388 | 468 | 82.91 | |
Total | 493 | 651 | 75. 73 | |
Long-term care facility | 0.69 (0.48 to 0.99) 1 | |||
Workers | 11 | 17 | 64.71 | |
Users | 45 | 48 | 93.75 | |
Total | 56 | 65 | 86.15 | |
Total | 0.46 (0.41 to 0.52) 1 | |||
Workers | 175 | 451 | 38.80 | |
Users | 854 | 1015 | 84.14 | |
Total | 1029 | 1466 | 70.19 |
Type of Occupation | Attack Rate | RR 1 (95% CI) |
---|---|---|
Cook | 9.8% | 0.26 (0.12.0.56) |
Kitchen assistant | 15.0% | 0.36 (0.23.0.59) |
Waiter | 37.5% | 1.13 (0.45. 2.79) |
Dining monitor | 27.8% | 0.79 (0.54. 1.14) |
Caregiver or healthcare worker | 71.6% | 3.18 (2.32. 4.35) |
Global attack rate | 38.8% |
Genogroup | Symptomatic | N | Mean Cq | SD | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GI | Yes | 30 | 30.01 | 5.51 | 0.002 |
No | 9 | 36.97 | 5.13 | ||
GII | Yes | 72 | 27.01 | 5.84 | 0.07 |
No | 32 | 29.19 | 5.26 |
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Parrón, I.; Barrabeig, I.; Alseda, M.; Cornejo-Sánchez, T.; Guix, S.; Jané, M.; Izquierdo, C.; Rius, C.; Domínguez, À.; the Working Group for the Study of Acute Gastroenteritis Outbreaks in Catalonia. Involvement of Workers in Closed and Semiclosed Institutions in Outbreaks of Acute Gastroenteritis Due to Norovirus. Viruses 2020, 12, 1392. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12121392
Parrón I, Barrabeig I, Alseda M, Cornejo-Sánchez T, Guix S, Jané M, Izquierdo C, Rius C, Domínguez À, the Working Group for the Study of Acute Gastroenteritis Outbreaks in Catalonia. Involvement of Workers in Closed and Semiclosed Institutions in Outbreaks of Acute Gastroenteritis Due to Norovirus. Viruses. 2020; 12(12):1392. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12121392
Chicago/Turabian StyleParrón, Ignacio, Irene Barrabeig, Miquel Alseda, Thais Cornejo-Sánchez, Susana Guix, Mireia Jané, Conchita Izquierdo, Cristina Rius, Àngela Domínguez, and the Working Group for the Study of Acute Gastroenteritis Outbreaks in Catalonia. 2020. "Involvement of Workers in Closed and Semiclosed Institutions in Outbreaks of Acute Gastroenteritis Due to Norovirus" Viruses 12, no. 12: 1392. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12121392