Nano Porous Carbon Derived from Citrus Pomace for the Separation and Purification of PMFs in Citrus Processing Wastes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals and Materials
2.2. Synthesis and Characterization of the Carbon Adsorbents
2.3. Preparation of Crude Extracts from Citrus Processing Wastes
2.4. UPLC Analysis of PMFs
2.5. Optimization of the Enrichment Process
2.5.1. Adsorption and Desorption Properties of Activated Carbons
2.5.2. Adsorption and Desorption Kinetics of the Selected Porous Carbon
2.5.3. Adsorption Isotherms on the Selected Activated Carbons
2.5.4. Experimental Design for Optimization of PMFs Enrichment Process
2.6. Separation of Polymethoxyflavones by Prep-HPLC
2.7. Crystallization
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization of Citrus Nanoporous Carbon
3.2. Static Adsorption and Desorption Capacities
3.3. Adsorption Kinetics and Isotherms
3.4. Single-Factor Test Results of Static Adsorption and Desorption
3.5. Effect of Enrichment
3.6. Isolation and Identification of PMFs
3.7. Comparison with Other Methods
4. Conclusions
5. Patents
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Adsorbents Type | Adsorption Capacity (mg/g) | Desorption Capacity (mg/g) | Desorption Rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|
CNPC1 | 494.64 ± 5.87 | 435.62 ± 19.49 | 88.07 ± 6.36 |
OPC | 479.98 ± 9.60 | 393.72 ± 4.01 | 82.03 ± 1.75 |
ZPC | 410.02 ± 3.67 | 344.76 ± 1.51 | 84.09 ± 1.73 |
CNPC2 | 490.84 ± 3.32 | 419.42 ± 0.40 | 85.45 ± 0.83 |
MCNPC | 474.80 ± 2.71 | 383.06 ± 2.51 | 80.68 ± 0.03 |
AC | 479.85 ± 1.82 | 405.85 ± 2.66 | 84.58 ± 1.78 |
Adsorbents | PMFs Number | Adsorption Capacity (mg/g) | Desorption Capacity (mg/g) | Sample | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
D101 | 2 | 8.92 | 8.23 | Citrus reticulata Blanco | [41] |
NKA | 4 | 10.68 | 8.75 | Bauhinia championii Benth | [42] |
HPD 450 | - | 14.55 | 13.22 | Citrus reticulata Blanco | [20] |
AB-8 | 5 | 27.1 | 26.3 | Citrus reticulata Blanco | [33] |
HPD 100 | 5 | 271.52 | 248.17 | Citrus tangerina tanaka | [14] |
HPD 300 | 5 | 301.75 | 274.01 | Citrus tangerina tanaka | [19] |
CNPC1 | 6 | 494.64 | 435.62 | Citrus sinensis Osbeck | This work |
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Li, Z.; Chen, X.; Qiu, L.; Wang, Y.; Zhou, Z. Nano Porous Carbon Derived from Citrus Pomace for the Separation and Purification of PMFs in Citrus Processing Wastes. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 1914. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10101914
Li Z, Chen X, Qiu L, Wang Y, Zhou Z. Nano Porous Carbon Derived from Citrus Pomace for the Separation and Purification of PMFs in Citrus Processing Wastes. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10(10):1914. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10101914
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Zhenqing, Xin Chen, Lulu Qiu, Yu Wang, and Zhiqin Zhou. 2020. "Nano Porous Carbon Derived from Citrus Pomace for the Separation and Purification of PMFs in Citrus Processing Wastes" Nanomaterials 10, no. 10: 1914. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10101914