Nano-Size Characterization and Antifungal Evaluation of Essential Oil Molecules-Loaded Nanoliposomes
Abstract
:1. Introduction—Problem and Opportunities
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Nano-Size Distribution of CEO and TTO-Loaded Nanoliposomes
2.2. Zeta Potential Values for CEO and TTO-Loaded Nanoliposomes
2.3. Topography and Surface Morphology Evalution
2.4. ATR-FTIR Studies of CEO and TTO Nanoliposomes
2.5. Entrapment Efficiency (EE%)
2.6. Mycelial Growth Test—In-Vitro Antifungal Evaluation
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Chemicals/Reagents/Software
3.2. In-House Development of TTO and CEO-Loaded Nanoliposomes
3.3. Characterization of TTO and CEO-Loaded Nanoliposomes
3.3.1. Nano-Size Evaluation by DLS
3.3.2. Morphological Evaluation by SEM
3.3.3. Functional Attributes Evaluation by ATR-FTIR
3.3.4. Percent Entrapment Efficiency (%EE) Evaluation
3.4. Mycelial Growth Test—In-Vitro Antifungal Evaluation
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Name | Concentration (mM) | Size Day 1 (nm) | PdI Day 1 | Size Day 7 (nm) | PdI Day 7 | Size Day 30 (nm) | PdI Day 30 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 CEO | 6.2 | 74.67 ± 0.81 | 0.43 ± 0.006 | 86.0 ± 41.43 | 0.488 ± 0.049 | 97.49 ± 1.48 | 0.483 ± 0.022 |
F2 CEO | 4.9 | 72.88 ± 0.33 | 0.43 ± 0.002 | 68.26 ± 0.49 | 0.436 ± 0.003 | 120.63 ±1.40 | 0.320 ± 0.036 |
F3 CEO | 3.7 | 71.43 ± 1.42 | 0.33 ± 0.040 | 71.45 ± 0.53 | 0.312 ± 0.003 | 102.5 ± 0.69 | 0.296 ± 0.008 |
F4 CEO | 2.5 | 78.70 ± 0.66 | 0.42 ± 0.011 | 84.54 ± 0.54 | 0.307 ± 0.006 | 95.98 ± 0.61 | 0.313 ± 0.008 |
F5 CEO | 1.2 | 76.39 ± 1.19 | 0.37 ± 0.051 | 76.09 ± 0.31 | 0.367 ± 0.045 | 129.23 ± 1.10 | 0.548 ± 0.008 |
F6 (Control) | 0 | 32.43 ± 1.47 | 0.25 ± 0.002 | 105.10 ± 1.65 | 0.292 ± 0.007 | 110.83 ± 0.83 | 0.464 ± 0.003 |
Sample Name | Concentration (mM) | Size Day 1 (nm) | PdI Day 1 | Size Day 7 (nm) | PdI Day 7 | Size Day 30 (nm) | PdI Day 30 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 TTO | 6.2 | 44.84 ± 1.98 | 0.421 ± 0.007 | 37.27 ± 0.46 | 0.513 ± 0.012 | 88.54 ± 0.19 | 0.299 ± 0.006 |
F2 TTO | 4.9 | 79.28 ± 1.51 | 0.429 ± 0.006 | 104.75 ± 0.21 | 0.456 ± 0.009 | 97.57 ± 1.58 | 0.33 ± 0.043 |
F3 TTO | 3.7 | 93.51 ± 1.99 | 0.31 ± 0.005 | 81.45 ± 0.17 | 0.374 ± 0.004 | 102.47 ± 0.75 | 0.264 ± 0.006 |
F4 TTO | 2.5 | 64.47 ± 1.82 | 0.440 ± 0.017 | 93.26 ± 0.41 | 0.493 ± 0.028 | 99.88 ± 0.38 | 0.277 ± 0.006 |
F5 TTO | 1.2 | 37.12 ± 1.23 | 0.377 ± 0.007 | 92.69 ± 0.60 | 0.483 ± 0.007 | 95.99 ± 0.40 | 0.295 ± 0.006 |
F6 (Control) | 0 | 32.43 ± 1.47 | 0.25 ± 0.002 | 105.10 ± 1.65 | 0.292 ± 0.007 | 110.83 ± 0.83 | 0.464 ± 0.003 |
Sample Name | Concentration (mM) | Zeta Potential Day 1 (mV) | Zeta Potential Day 7 (mV) | Zeta Potential Day 30 (mV) |
---|---|---|---|---|
F1 CEO | 6.2 | −28.21 ± 0.29 | −25.14 ± 0.37 | −8.24 ± 0.93 |
F2 CEO | 4.9 | −27.13 ± 0.33 | −25.04 ±0.42 | −8.15 ± 1.79 |
F3 CEO | 3.7 | −24.64 ± 0.32 | −21.51 ±0.72 | −7.64 ± 0.75 |
F4 CEO | 2.5 | −28.92 ± 0.45 | −27.95 ± 0.74 | −8.19 ± 1.07 |
F5 CEO | 1.2 | −30.39 ± 0.79 | −29.43 ± 1.21 | −8.39 ± 0.61 |
F6 (Control) | 0 | −27.54 ± 1.49 | −20.5 ± 0.7 | −8.66 ± 1.43 |
Sample Name | Concentration (mM) | Zeta Potential Day 1 (mV) | Zeta Potential Day 7 (mV) | Zeta Potential Day 30 (mV) |
---|---|---|---|---|
F1 TTO | 6.2 | −26.5 ± 1.44 | −15.9 ± 2.28 | −10.9 ± 0.98 |
F2 TTO | 4.9 | −24.2 ± 0.60 | −12.01 ± 1.12 | −7.01 ± 1.36 |
F3 TTO | 3.7 | −25.9 ± 0.65 | −13.93 ± 0.79 | −8.93 ± 1.20 |
F4 TTO | 2.5 | −21.1 ± 0.14 | −15.80 ± 0.73 | −7.80 ± 1.43 |
F5 TTO | 1.2 | −20.7 ± 0.58 | −14.81 ± 0.71 | −7.81 ± 1.09 |
F6 (Control) | 0 | −27.54 ± 1.49 | −20.5 ± 0.7 | −8.66 ± 1.43 |
Concentration (µL/mL) | MGI of CEO (%) | MGI of TTO (%) | Positive Control (TTO) (%) | Positive Control (CEO) + (%) | Negative Control (Empty Nanoliposome) (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.25 | 41.2 ± 0.6 | 52.1 ± 0.4 | 32.6 ± 0.4 | 40 ± 0.4 | 0 |
0.5 | 71.4 ± 0.9 | 55.9 ± 0.2 | 57.7 ± 0.5 | 52.5 ± 0.5 | 0 |
1 | 72.3 ± 0.2 | 58.8 ± 0.5 | 60.9 ± 0.2 | 58.8 ± 0.3 | 0 |
1.5 | 98.4 ± 0.87 | 61.3 ± 0.6 | 83.4 ± 0.8 | 65.2 ± 0.1 | 0 |
Component | Function | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | F6 (Control) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eos * (mM) | Bioactivesource | 6.2 | 4.9 | 3.7 | 2.5 | 1.2 | 0 |
Soy lecithin (mg/mL) | Lipid | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
Tween 80® (M) | Surfactant | 0.076 | 0.076 | 0.076 | 0.076 | 0.076 | 0.076 |
Cholesterol (mg/mL) | Lipid | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
PBS (mL (0.03 M)) | Saline buffer | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
Chloroform (mL) | Solvent | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
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Aguilar-Pérez, K.M.; Medina, D.I.; Parra-Saldívar, R.; Iqbal, H.M.N. Nano-Size Characterization and Antifungal Evaluation of Essential Oil Molecules-Loaded Nanoliposomes. Molecules 2022, 27, 5728. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27175728
Aguilar-Pérez KM, Medina DI, Parra-Saldívar R, Iqbal HMN. Nano-Size Characterization and Antifungal Evaluation of Essential Oil Molecules-Loaded Nanoliposomes. Molecules. 2022; 27(17):5728. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27175728
Chicago/Turabian StyleAguilar-Pérez, Katya M., Dora I. Medina, Roberto Parra-Saldívar, and Hafiz M. N. Iqbal. 2022. "Nano-Size Characterization and Antifungal Evaluation of Essential Oil Molecules-Loaded Nanoliposomes" Molecules 27, no. 17: 5728. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27175728