Phosphate Starvation by Energy Metabolism Disturbance in Candida albicansvip1Δ/Δ Induces Lipid Droplet Accumulation and Cell Membrane Damage
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Pi Regulation of LD Accumulation Is a Downstream Event of Energy Metabolism
2.2. Decreased Activity of PHO Pathway in vip1Δ/Δ Strain
2.3. Pi Supplementation Can Improve the Cell Membrane Properties of vip1Δ/Δ
3. Discussion
3.1. Pi Stress by Energy Disorder Induces LD Accumulation
3.2. VIP1 Knockout Reduces the Activity of the PHO Pathway
3.3. Pi Affects Cell Membrane Properties in the vip1Δ/Δ
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. C. albicans Culture
4.2. MTT Assay
4.3. Nile Red Staining
4.4. Energy-Metabolism-Related Index Measurement
4.5. ATP Assay
4.6. Measurement of Glucose and Ethanol Levels
4.7. Measurement of Reactive Oxygen Species Levels
4.8. Mitochondrial Aconitase In-Gel Enzyme Activity Assays
4.9. DiBAC4(3) Staining to Determine Cell Membrane Potentials
4.10. PI Staining
4.11. polyP Content Measurement
4.12. Acid Phosphatase Activity
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Strain | Genotype | Source |
---|---|---|
BWP17 (wild-type/WT) | ura3Δ::λimm434/ura3Δ::λimm434 his1::hisG/his1::hisG arg4::hisG/arg4::hisG | Dana A. Davis |
vip1Δ/Δ | ura3Δ::λimm434/ura3Δ::λimm434 his1::hisG/his1::hisG arg4::hisG/arg4::hisG vip1::ARG4/vip1:: dpl200 | Tianyu Ma |
vip1Δ/Δ + MIR1 | ura3Δ::λimm434/ura3Δ::λimm434 his1::hisG/his1::hisG arg4::hisG/arg4::hisG vip1::ARG4/vip1:: dpl200, pACT1-MIR1 | This study |
vip1Δ/Δ + PIC2 | ura3Δ::λimm434/ura3Δ::λimm434 his1::hisG/his1::hisG arg4::hisG/arg4::hisG vip1::ARG4/vip1:: dpl200, pACT1-PIC2 | This study |
vip1Δ/Δ + PHO4 | ura3Δ::λimm434/ura3Δ::λimm434 his1::hisG/his1::hisG arg4::hisG/arg4::hisG vip1::ARG4/vip1:: dpl200, pACT1-PHO4 | This study |
WT + PHO4 | ura3Δ::λimm434/ura3Δ::λimm434 his1::hisG/his1::hisG arg4::hisG/arg4::hisG, pACT1-PHO4 | This study |
vip1Δ/Δ + PHO84 | ura3Δ::λimm434/ura3Δ::λimm434 his1::hisG/his1::hisG arg4::hisG/arg4::hisG vip1::ARG4/vip1:: dpl200, pACT1-PHO84 | This study |
WT + PHO84 | ura3Δ::λimm434/ura3Δ::λimm434 his1::hisG/his1::hisG arg4::hisG/arg4::hisG, pACT1-PHO84 | This study |
WT + Vector | ura3Δ::λimm434/ura3Δ::λimm434 his1::hisG/his1::hisG arg4::hisG/arg4::hisG, pACT1 | This study |
vip1Δ/Δ + Vector | ura3Δ::λimm434/ura3Δ::λimm434 his1::hisG/his1::hisG arg4::hisG/arg4::hisG vip1::ARG4/vip1:: dpl200, pACT1 | This study |
WT-PHO4-GFP | ura3Δ::λimm434/ura3Δ::λimm434 his1::his G/his1::his G arg4::his G/arg4::his G PHO4/ PHO4-GFP::URA3 | This study |
vip1Δ/Δ-PHO4-GFP | ura3Δ::λimm434/ura3Δ::λimm434 his1::his G/his1::his G arg4::his G/arg4::his G vip1::CdARG4/vip1::CaHIS1 PHO4/ PHO4-GFP::URA3 | This study |
Description | Name | Sequence |
---|---|---|
vip1 deletion, 5′ flank | vip1-5DR | AATTAGCAGAGACGGCGGGCCTCATTTGGATTCGCAGTTATTGGAAAGATTAAAAGAAATTTTCCCAGTCACGACGTT |
vip1 deletion, 3′ flank | vip1-3DR | ATCGGAAAAAATCAAGAGTATTTTAGATAACTGGGAACAATACGAATAAACTTAGAATGTTGGAATTGTGAGCGGATA |
vip1 detection, 5′ flank | vip1-5det | TGTCGATGGGGCAAGAATC |
vip1 detection, 3′ flank | vip1-3det | AAAATCGTCCGTCAAGCCT |
MIR1 plasmid construction, 5′ flank | MIR1-5′ | CCGCTCGAGATGTCAACTCCAAGTGAATATA |
MIR1 plasmid construction, 3′ flank | MIR1-3′ | TCCCCCGGGTTACAAAGCAACGGCTGGTGGA |
PIC2 plasmid construction, 5′ flank | PIC2-5′ | CCGCTCGAGATGGCAGGAAATAGTTTAGCT |
PIC2 plasmid construction, 3′ flank | PIC2-3′ | TCCCCCGGGTTAATGACCACCAGTTGTTGG |
PHO4 plasmid construction, 5′ flank | PHO4-5′ | CCGCTCGAGATGGACCAGCAAGTTTGGAA |
PHO4 plasmid construction, 3′ flank | PHO4-3′ | TCCCCCGGG CTTCCTTCCTTTCAACTCCT |
PHO84 plasmid construction, 5′ flank | PHO84-5′ | CCGCTCGAGATGAAGTATCCCAAGGTGG |
PHO84 plasmid construction, 3′ flank | PHO84-3′ | TCCCCCGGG TTAGTTTTTGACTTCTTCAGAGTC |
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Peng, X.; Ma, C.; Feng, Y.; Zhang, B.; Zhu, M.; Ma, T.; Yu, Q.; Li, M. Phosphate Starvation by Energy Metabolism Disturbance in Candida albicansvip1Δ/Δ Induces Lipid Droplet Accumulation and Cell Membrane Damage. Molecules 2022, 27, 686. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030686
Peng X, Ma C, Feng Y, Zhang B, Zhu M, Ma T, Yu Q, Li M. Phosphate Starvation by Energy Metabolism Disturbance in Candida albicansvip1Δ/Δ Induces Lipid Droplet Accumulation and Cell Membrane Damage. Molecules. 2022; 27(3):686. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030686
Chicago/Turabian StylePeng, Xueling, Congcong Ma, Yuxin Feng, Biao Zhang, Mengsen Zhu, Tianyu Ma, Qilin Yu, and Mingchun Li. 2022. "Phosphate Starvation by Energy Metabolism Disturbance in Candida albicansvip1Δ/Δ Induces Lipid Droplet Accumulation and Cell Membrane Damage" Molecules 27, no. 3: 686. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030686