Pattern of Adiponectin, Osteocalcin, Irisin, FGF-21, and MCP-1 According to the Body Size Phenotype: Could They Be Markers of Metabolic Health in Mexican-Mestizo Middle-Aged Women?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of Participants
2.2. Differences in Adiponectin, OCN, Irisin, FGF-21 and MCP-1 According to the Body Size Phenotype in Middle-Aged Women
2.2.1. MHNW vs. MUNW Phenotype
2.2.2. MHNW vs. MHO Phenotype
2.2.3. MHNW vs. MUO Phenotype
2.2.4. MUNW vs. MUO Phenotype
2.2.5. MHO vs. MUO Phenotype
2.3. Associations of Adiponectin, OCN, Irisin, FGF-21 and MCP-1, BMI, VAT, Insulin and HOMA-IR
2.4. Adiponectin, OCN, Irisin, FGF-21 and MCP-1 According to Menopausal Status
2.5. Factors Associated with a Metabolic Phenotype
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Design and Patients
4.2. Clinical Evaluation
4.2.1. Anthropometry
4.2.2. Clinical Characteristics and Definitions
4.3. Phenotypes
4.4. Biochemical Evaluation
4.5. Statistical Analysis
4.6. Ethics
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
BMI | body mass index |
CRP | C-reactive protein |
CV | coefficients of variation |
CVD | cardiovascular disease |
FFA | free fatty acid |
FGF-21 | fibroblast growth factor-21 |
FNDC5 | fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 |
HDL-C | high density cholesterol |
HOMA-IR | homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance |
IL-1β | interleukin-1β |
IL-6 | interleukin-6 |
IQR | interquartile range |
LDL-C | low density cholesterol |
MCP-1 | monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 |
MHNW | metabolically healthy normal weight |
MHO | metabolically healthy obesity |
MUNW | metabolically unhealthy normal weight |
MUO | metabolically unhealthy obesity |
OCN | osteocalcin |
TC | total cholesterol |
TNF-α | tumor necrosis alpha |
ucOCN | undercarboxylated osteocalcin |
VAT | visceral adipose tissue |
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Characteristics | Results |
---|---|
Age; (years) | 52.2 ± 5.8 |
Postmenopausal; % (n=) | 67.9 (180) |
BMI; (kg/m2) | 28.8 ± 4.9 |
Phenotype; % (n=) | MHNW: 6 (16) MUNW: 57 (151) MHO: 1.9 (5) MUO: 35.1 (93) |
VAT; (cm2) | 127 (98–167) |
Osteocalcin; (ng/mL) | 5.2 (3.5–7.7) |
Adiponectin; (µg/mL) | 11.7 (7.8–16.0) |
Irisin; (ng/mL) | 495.4 (267.9–713.2) |
FGF-21; (pg/mL) | 205.0 (73.8–353.0) |
MCP-1; (pg/mL) | 21.7 (8.1–37.4) |
Glucose; (mg/dL) | 85 (77–95) |
Insulin; (mIU/L) | 17 (13–24) |
HOMA-IR | 3.5 (2.6–5.3) |
Total cholesterol; (mg/dL) | 225.5 (200.5–267.75) |
LDL-C; (mg/dL) | 141.8 (118.4–170.6) |
HDL-C; (mg/dL) | 53.5 (45–63) |
Triglycerides; (mg/dL) | 142 (111–198) |
MHNW (n = 16) | MUNW (n = 151) | MHO (n = 5) | MUO (n = 93) | MHNW vs. MUNW p Value | MHNW vs. MHO p Value | MHNW vs. MUO p Value | MUNW vs. MUO p Value | MHO vs. MUO p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 51.4 ± 7.1 | 52.7 ± 5.7 | 53 ± 5.3 | 51.6 ± 5.6 | 0.380 | 0.375 | 0.875 | 0.14 | 0.26 |
VAT; (cm2) | 91.5 (68–123) | 105 (87–125) | 195.6 (155–215) | 201 (153–227) | 0.112 | 0.080 | 0.0001 * | 0.0001 * | 0.001 * |
Osteocalcin; (ng/mL) | 3.4 (2.5–5.5) | 5.8 (3.7–8.4) | 5.2 (3.8–6.8) | 4.7 (3.4–7.0) | 0.011 * | 0.011 * | 0.157 | 0.001 * | 0.761 |
Adiponectin; (µg/mL) | 16.1 (11.2–21.7) | 12.5 (7.9–16.0) | 14.6 (9.8–29.1) | 10.1 (7.6–13.3) | 0.002 * | 0.002 * | 0.0001 * | 0.03 * | 0.155 |
Irisin; (ng/mL) | 464 (186–559) | 348.8 (201.4–660) | 649 (270–868) | 676 (503–787) | 0.909 | 0.413 | 0.0001 * | 0.0001 * | 0.942 |
FGF-21; (pg/mL) | 370 (315–851) | 201 (70–335) | 195 (194–197) | 162 (21.8–229) | 0.067 | 0.024 * | 0.004 * | 0.30 | 0.279 |
MCP-1; (pg/mL) | 15.9 (4.3–43.5) | 15.8 (7.7–34.2) | 25.1 (18.5–46.5) | 38.6 (32.7–52.8) | 0.620 | 0.756 | 0.291 | 0.0001 * | 0.627 |
Glucose; (mg/dL) | 74 (64–85) | 83 (77–91) | 77 (74–91) | 89 (79.5–98.5) | 0.003 * | 0.004 * | 0.0001 * | 0.007 * | 0.121 |
Insulin; (mIU/L) | 12.1 (10–13.2) | 15.8 (12.6–20.5) | 22.5 (12.4–34.4) | 22.5 (17.9–30.2) | 0.0001 * | 0.0001 * | 0.0001 * | 0.0001 * | 0.62 |
HOMA-IR | 2.14 (1.5–2.6) | 3.2 (2.4–4.7) | 4.2 (2.2–7.9) | 4.9 (3.7–7.4) | 0.0001 * | 0.0001 * | 0.0001 * | 0.0001 * | 0.342 |
Total cholesterol; (mg/dL) | 186 (175–190) | 230 (211–275) | 165 (124.5–178.5) | 229 (203–262) | 0.0001 * | 0.0001 * | 0.0001 * | 0.237 | 0.001 * |
LDL-C; (mg/dL) | 95 (87–107) | 145 (124–178) | 62.6 (54.2–92.6) | 147 (124–179) | 0.0001 * | 0.0001 * | 0.0001 * | 0.65 | 0.001 * |
HDL-C; (mg/dL) | 67 (54–72) | 55 (45–63) | 63.0 (47.5–71.0) | 49 (41–59) | 0.002 * | 0.002 * | 0.0001 * | 0.01 * | 0.09 * |
Triglycerides; (mg/dL) | 109 (80–125) | 145 (109–198) | 121 (88.5–138) | 154 (121–209) | 0.003 * | 0.003 * | 0.0001 * | 0.20 | 0.056 * |
MHNW vs. MUNW OR (95%CI) | MHNW vs. MHO OR (95%CI) | MHNW vs. MUO OR (95%CI) | MUNW vs. MUO OR (95%CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Osteocalcin; (ng/mL) | 1.4 (1.06–1.81) | 1.4 (1.07–1.84) | NS | NS |
Adiponectin; (µg/mL) | 0.9 (0.84–0.96) | 0.9 (0.84–0.96) | NS | NS |
Irisin; (ng/mL) | NS | NS | 1.01 (1.001–1.01) | 1.007 (1.003–1.011) |
MCP-1; (pg/mL) | NS | NS | NS | 1.044 (1.008–1.083) |
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Balcázar-Hernandez, L.; Basurto, L.; Manuel-Apolinar, L.; Vega-García, S.; Basurto-Acevedo, N.; Martínez-Murillo, C.; Sánchez-Arenas, R. Pattern of Adiponectin, Osteocalcin, Irisin, FGF-21, and MCP-1 According to the Body Size Phenotype: Could They Be Markers of Metabolic Health in Mexican-Mestizo Middle-Aged Women? Metabolites 2021, 11, 771. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11110771
Balcázar-Hernandez L, Basurto L, Manuel-Apolinar L, Vega-García S, Basurto-Acevedo N, Martínez-Murillo C, Sánchez-Arenas R. Pattern of Adiponectin, Osteocalcin, Irisin, FGF-21, and MCP-1 According to the Body Size Phenotype: Could They Be Markers of Metabolic Health in Mexican-Mestizo Middle-Aged Women? Metabolites. 2021; 11(11):771. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11110771
Chicago/Turabian StyleBalcázar-Hernandez, Lourdes, Lourdes Basurto, Leticia Manuel-Apolinar, Sara Vega-García, Norma Basurto-Acevedo, Carlos Martínez-Murillo, and Rosalinda Sánchez-Arenas. 2021. "Pattern of Adiponectin, Osteocalcin, Irisin, FGF-21, and MCP-1 According to the Body Size Phenotype: Could They Be Markers of Metabolic Health in Mexican-Mestizo Middle-Aged Women?" Metabolites 11, no. 11: 771. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11110771