Mechanism of Strength Formation of Unfired Bricks Composed of Aeolian Sand–Loess Composite
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Program
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of Unfired Bricks
2.3. Methods
3. Results
3.1. Physical Properties of Unfired Bricks
3.2. Freeze–Thaw Cycle Test of Unfired Bricks
3.3. Mechanism of Strength Formation of Unfired Bricks
3.3.1. XRD
3.3.2. SEM
4. Conclusions and Discussion
- (1)
- During high-pressure pressing, the aeolian sand, loess, and fiber were in complete contact with the products of the hydration of the cementitious materials, and the bulk density and compactness of the cementitious bricks increased with the molding pressure. That is, the area of contact between the aggregate and the gel increased to enhance cementation within the aggregate.
- (2)
- With an increase in the cement content, the volume of the products of hydration in the sample gradually increased, resulting in an increase in the compactness and resistance of the bricks to pressure. The gel substances generated by the fly ash under the action of the alkali activator were tightly connected with the particles of aeolian sand and the loess skeleton and filled the space between the particles to reduce porosity. When the bricks were cured at a temperature of (21 ± 2) °C and a relative humidity of 95% ± 5%, the products of hydration, C-S-H, sodium aluminosilicate hydrate (N-A-S-H), and other gel substances inside the unfired bricks gradually increased in volume to fill the internal pores, increased the compactness of the bricks, reduced their porosity, and improved their compressive strength.
- (3)
- An appropriate amount of the polypropylene fiber was in complete contact with the aggregate and gel, and this increased the mechanical occluding force. The spatial network thus formed and inhibited the deformation of soil and increased the capability of the bonding of the unfired brick aggregates. Moreover, the compressive strength of the unfired bricks increased under an axial load.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Content/% | SiO2 | NaAlSiO₈ | (K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 | Kal2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aeolian Sand | 51.0 | 19.4 | 3.3 | 19.4 |
Loess | 40.0 | 23.0 | 3.2 | 14.6 |
Content/% | CaCO3 | Fe2O3 | Al2Si2O5(OH)4 | CaMg(CO3)2 |
Aeolian Sand | 0.4 | 2.6 | 3.9 | - |
Loess | 10.7 | 1.2 | 3.8 | 3.5 |
Content/% | SiO2 | Al2O3 | CaO | SO3 | Fe | Cl− | NaOH | CaO2 | MgO | TiO2 | Na2O |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cement | 45.1 | 24.2 | 5.6 | 2.1 | 0.85 | 0.015 | 1.2 | 0.85 | - | - | - |
Fly ash | 20.58 | 5.64 | 62.25 | 3.18 | 3.95 | - | - | - | 2.48 | 0.32 | 0.36 |
Number | Sample | Aeolian Sand–Loess |
---|---|---|
A | A1 | 1:1 |
A2 | 2:1 | |
A3 | 3:1 |
Number | Sample | Aeolian Sand–Loess | Cementitious Material/% | Fly Ash-to-Cement Replacement Ratio/% | NaOH Exciter/% | Fiber/% | Forming Pressure/Mpa |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | B1 | 2:1 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
B2 | 8 | ||||||
B3 | 12 | ||||||
B4 | 20 | ||||||
C | C1 | 2:1 | 12 | 20 | 0.003 | 0 | 10 |
C2 | 40 | ||||||
C3 | 60 | ||||||
C4 | 80 | ||||||
D | D1 | 2:1 | 12 | 20 | 0.003 | 0.1 | 10 |
D2 | 0.2 | ||||||
D3 | 0.4 | ||||||
D4 | 0.6 | ||||||
D5 | 0.8 | ||||||
E | E1 | 2:1 | 12 | 20 | 0.003 | 0.4 | 10 |
E2 | 15 | ||||||
E3 | 20 | ||||||
E4 | 25 |
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Liu, D.; Guo, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Zhu, Z.; Xu, P.; Zhang, S.; Ren, Y. Mechanism of Strength Formation of Unfired Bricks Composed of Aeolian Sand–Loess Composite. Materials 2024, 17, 1184. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17051184
Liu D, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Xu P, Zhang S, Ren Y. Mechanism of Strength Formation of Unfired Bricks Composed of Aeolian Sand–Loess Composite. Materials. 2024; 17(5):1184. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17051184
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Deren, Yafang Guo, Yanjie Zhang, Zhechao Zhu, Pengju Xu, Shize Zhang, and Yugang Ren. 2024. "Mechanism of Strength Formation of Unfired Bricks Composed of Aeolian Sand–Loess Composite" Materials 17, no. 5: 1184. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17051184