Healing Time of Skin Ulcers in Homecare Residents in the Province of Reggio Emilia, Northern Italy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Men | Women | All |
---|---|---|---|
Subjects with ulcers N (%) | 49 (35.5%) | 89 (64.5%) | 138 (100%) |
Age, mean (SD) | 83.2 (9.8) | 87.8 (8.9) | 86.1 (9.4) |
Pressure Ulcers | Other Types of Ulcers | All Ulcers | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. I | S. II ± I | S. III ± I/II | S. IV ± I/II/III | Unstageable ± I/II/III | All Stages | VU | DFU | ||
Subjects with ulcers N (%) | 13 (9.4%) | 69 (50%) | 8 (5.8%) | 9 (6.5%) | 8 (5.8%) | 107 (77.5%) | 36 (26.1%) 1 | 10 (7.2%) 2 | 138 (100%) |
Age, mean (SD) | 87.7 (6.9) | 86.6 (10.3) | 85.4 (5.1) | 92.8 (7.6) | 87.6 (4.3) | 87.2 (9.1) | 85.4 (9.4) | 77.6 (9.6) | 86.1 (9.4) |
Number N (%) and location of ulcers | |||||||||
Pelvis and hip | 18 (48.6%) | 58 (54.2%) | 8 (53.3%) | 5 (5.6%) | 2 (20%) | 91 (51.1%) | − | − | 91 (39.2%) |
Sacrum | 14 (37.8%) | 45 (42.1%) | 6 (40%) | 5 (5.6%) | − | 70 (39.3%) | − | − | 70 (30.2%) |
Trochanter | 1 (2.7%) | 4 (3.7%) | 1 (6.7%) | − | 2 (20%) | 8 (4.5%) | − | − | 8 (3.5%) |
Hip | 1 (2.7%) | 2 (1.9%) | − | − | − | 3 (1.7%) | − | − | 3 (1.3%) |
Groin | 1 (2.7%) | 1 (0.9%) | − | − | − | 2 (1.2%) | − | − | 2 (0.9%) |
Ischium | 1 (2.7%) | 6 (5.6%) | − | − | − | 7 (3.9%) | − | − | 7 (3%) |
Other | − | − | 1 (6.7%) | − | − | − | − | − | 1 (0.4%) |
Foot | 12 (32.4%) | 26 (24.3%) | 5 (33.3%) | 4 (4.4%) | 7 (70%) | 54 (30.3%) | 31 (73.8%) | 11 (100%) | 96 (41.4%) |
Heel | 8 (21.6%) | 17 (15.9%) | 3 (20%) | 1 (11.1%) | 6 (60%) | 35 (19.7%) | 3 (7.1%) | 2 (18.2%) | 40 (17.2%) |
Big toe | 2 (5.4%) | 1 (0.9%) | 1 (6.7%) | 1 (11.1%) | 1 (10%) | 6 (3.4%) | 6 (14.3%) | 5 (45.5%) | 17 (7.3%) |
Malleolus | 1 (2.7%) | 6 (5.6%) | 1 (6.7%) | − | − | 8 (4.5%) | 4 (9.5%) | − | 12 (5.2%) |
Other toe | − | 1 (0.9%) | − | 1 (11.1%) | − | 2 (1.2%) | 6 (14.3%) | 2 (18.2%) | 10 (4.3%) |
Other | 1 (2.7%) | 1 (0.9%) | − | 1 (11.1%) | − | 3 (1.7%) | 12 (28.6%) | 2 (18.2%) | 17 (7.3%) |
Lower limb | 6 (16.2%) | 16 (14.9%) | 2 (13.3%) | − | − | 21 (11.8%) | 11 (26.2%) | − | 32 (13.8%) |
Gluteus | 4 (14.8%) | 13 (12.1%) | − | − | − | 17 (9.6%) | − | − | 17 (7.3%) |
Knee | 1 (2.7%) | 1 (0.9%) | 1 (6.7%) | − | − | 2 (1.2%) | − | − | 2 (0.9%) |
Thigh | − | 1 (0.9%) | − | − | − | 1 (0.6%) | − | − | 1 (0.4%) |
Calf | − | − | 1 (6.7%) | − | − | 1 (0.6%) | − | − | 1 (0.4%) |
Other | 1 (2.7%) | 1 (0.9%) | − | − | − | − | 11 (26.2%) | − | 13 (5.6%) |
Trunk and back | 1 (2.7%) | 7 (6.5%) | − | − | 1 (10%) | 9 (5.1%) | − | − | 9 (3.9%) |
Total | 37 (100%) (15.9%) † | 107 (100%) (46.1%) † | 15 (100%) (6.5%) † | 9 (100%) (3.9%) † | 10 (100%) (4.3%) † | 178 (100%) (76.7%) † | 42 (100%) (18.1%) † | 11 (100%) (4.7%) † | 232 (100%) (100%) † |
1 in 4 Weeks | 1 in 2 Weeks | 1 in a Week | 2 in a Week | 3 in a Week | 5 in a Week | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ulcer type and stage | ||||||
PU all stages | 4 (3.7%) | 12 (11.2%) | 54 (50.5%) | 33 (30.8%) | 3 (2.8%) | 1 (0.9%) |
PU I | 1 (7.7%) | 4 (30.8%) | 5 (38.5%) | 3 (23.1%) | − | − |
PU II | 3 (4.3%) | 7 (10.1%) | 44 (63.8%) | 14 (20.3%) | 1 (1.5%) | − |
PU III | − | 1 (12.5%) | 1 (12.5%) | 5 (62.5%) | − | 1 (12.5%) |
PU IV | − | − | 2 (22.2%) | 6 (66.7%) | 1 (11.1%) | − |
PU unstageable | − | − | 2 (25.5%) | 5 (62.5%) | 1 (12.5%) | − |
DFU | − | − | 6 (60%) | 4 (40%) | − | − |
VU | 1 (2.8%) | − | 23 (63.9%) | 10 (27.8%) | 2 (5.6%) | − |
Sex | ||||||
Men | 2 (4.1%) | 2 (4.1%) | 23 (57.1%) | 18 (36.7%) | 3 (6.1%) | 1 (2%) |
Women | 2 (2.2%) | 10 (11.2%) | 54 (60.7%) | 22 (24.7%) | 1 (1.1%) | − |
Caregiver | ||||||
Relative | 3 (4.8%) | 5 (7.9%) | 32 (50.8%) | 21 (33.3%) | 2 (3.2%) | − |
Relative and professional | − | 4 (14.3%) | 16 (57.1%) | 7 (25%) | − | 1 (3.6%) |
Not reported | 1 (5.3%) | 1 (5.3%) | 11 (57.9%) | 5 (26.3%) | 1 (5.3%) | − |
Professional | − | 2 (8%) | 16 (64%) | 6 (24%) | 1 (4%) | − |
Living alone | − | − | 2 (66.7%) | 1 (33.3%) | − | − |
Degree of dependence | ||||||
Partially dependent | 2 (3.8%) | 1 (1.9%) | 33 (63.5%) | 15 (28.8%) | 1 (1.9%) | − |
Totally dependent | 2 (2.3%) | 11 (12.8%) | 44 (51.2%) | 25 (29.1%) | 3 (3.5%) | 1 (1.2%) |
Total, N (%) | 4 (2.9%) | 12 (8.7%) | 77 (55.8%) | 40 (29%) | 4 (2.9%) | 1 (0.7%) |
Characteristics | Partially Dependent | Totally Dependent |
---|---|---|
Sex | ||
Men | 21 (40.4%) | 31 (59.6%) |
Women | 28 (32.6%) | 58 (67.4%) |
Type and stage of ulcer | ||
PU I | 4 (30.8%) | 9 (69.2%) |
PU II | 26 (37.7%) | 43 (62.3%) |
PU III | 1 (12.5%) | 7 (87.5%) |
PU IV | − | 9 (100%) |
PU unstageable | 1 (12.5%) | 7 (87.5%) |
PU all stages | 32 (29.9%) | 75 (70.1%) |
VU | 19 (52.8%) | 17 (47.2%) |
DFU | 6 (60%) | 4 (40%) |
Total, N (%) | 49 (35.5%) | 89 (64.5%) |
Still in Care | Recovered | Deceased | Hospitalized | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | ||||
Men | 8 (16.3%) | 24 (49%) (32.4%) ‡ | 15 (30.6%) | 2 (4.1%) |
Women | 16 (17.8%) | 50 (56.2%) (67.6%) ‡ | 17 (19.1%) | 6 (6.7%) |
Type and stage of ulcer | ||||
PU all stages | 17 (15.8%) | 55 (51.4%) (74.3%) ‡ | 30 (28.1%) | 5 (4.7%) |
PU I | 3 (23.1%) | 7 (53.8%) (9.5%) ‡ | 3 (23.1%) | − |
PU II | 9 (13%) | 42 (60.9%) (56.8%) ‡ | 17 (24.6%) | 1 (1.5%) |
PU III | 1 (12.5%) | 3 (37.5%) (4.1%) ‡ | 3 (37.5%) | 1 (12.5%) |
PU IV | 3 (33.3%) | 1 (11.1%) (1.4%) ‡ | 3 (33.3%) | 2 (22.2%) |
PU unstageable | 1 (12.5%) | 2 (25%) (2.7%) ‡ | 4 (50%) | 1 (12.5%) |
VU | 5 (13.9%) | 22 (61.1%) (29.7%) ‡ | 6 (16.7%) | 3 (8.3%) |
DFU | 3 (30%) | 2 (20%) (2.7%) ‡ | 1 (10%) | 4 (40%) |
Degree of dependence | ||||
Partially dependent | 13 (25%) | 31 (59.6%) (41.9%) ‡ | 6 (11.5%) | 2 (3.8%) |
Totally dependent | 11 (12.8%) | 43 (50%) (58.1%) ‡ | 26 (30.2%) | 6 (7%) |
Number of home accesses | ||||
1 in 4 weeks | 2 (50%) | 2 (50%) (2.7%) ‡ | − | − |
1 in 2 weeks | − | 9 (75%) (12.2%) ‡ | 2 (16.7%) | 1 (8.3%) |
1 in a week | 10 (13%) | 48 (62.3%) (64.9%) ‡ | 14 (18.2%) | 5 (6.5%) |
2 in a week | 11 (27.5%) | 14 (35%) (18.9%) ‡ | 13 (32.5%) | 2 (5%) |
3 in a week | 1 (25%) | 1 (25%) (1.4%) ‡ | 2 (50%) | − |
5 in a week | − | − | 1 (100%) | − |
Total, N (%) | 24 (17.4%) | 74 (53.6%) (100%) ‡ | 32 (23.2%) | 8 (5.8%) |
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Iamandii, I.; Kouassi, A.B.; Simonazzi, D.; Marchesi, C.; Vinceti, M.; Filippini, T. Healing Time of Skin Ulcers in Homecare Residents in the Province of Reggio Emilia, Northern Italy. Life 2022, 12, 1989. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12121989
Iamandii I, Kouassi AB, Simonazzi D, Marchesi C, Vinceti M, Filippini T. Healing Time of Skin Ulcers in Homecare Residents in the Province of Reggio Emilia, Northern Italy. Life. 2022; 12(12):1989. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12121989
Chicago/Turabian StyleIamandii, Inga, Abram Beatrice Kouassi, Davide Simonazzi, Cristina Marchesi, Marco Vinceti, and Tommaso Filippini. 2022. "Healing Time of Skin Ulcers in Homecare Residents in the Province of Reggio Emilia, Northern Italy" Life 12, no. 12: 1989. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12121989