Investigating the Role of Leukocyte Telomere Length in Treatment-Resistant Depression and in Response to Electroconvulsive Therapy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Comparison of LTL between Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression and Controls
2.2. Association between Baseline LTL and Response to ECT
2.3. Association between LTL and other Demographic or Clinical Variables
2.4. Association between Genetic Variants, Response to ECT and LTL
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Participants
4.2. DNA Extraction
4.3. Measurements of Leukocyte Telomere Length with Quantitative PCR
4.4. Statistical Analysis
4.5. Analysis of GWAS Data
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Patients with TRD (n = 148) | Controls (n = 335) | Statistics | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, median (IQR) | 56 (20) | 43 (22) | 14,125 a | <0.0001 |
Gender (women, %) | 67.6 | 53.1 | 8.76 b | 0.004 |
Unadjusted Analyses | Analyses Adjusted for Age | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LTL, median (IQR) | U | p | Quade’s F | p | |
Patients with TRD (n = 148) | 0.77 (0.30) | 13,015 | <0.0001 | 49.17 | <0.0001 |
Controls (n = 335) | 1.03 (0.48) |
Unadjusted Analyses | Analyses Adjusted for Age | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LTL, median (IQR) | U | p | Quade’s F | p | |
Responders at T1 (n = 119) | 0.77 (0.30) | 777 | 0.68 | 0.04 | 0.85 |
Non-Responders at T1 (n = 14) | 0.85 (0.34) | ||||
Responders at T2 (n = 65) | 0.77 (0.34) | 767 | 0.34 | 0.54 | 0.46 |
Non-Responders at T2 (n = 27) | 0.88 (0.27) | ||||
Remitters (n = 53) | 0.75 (0.32) | 769 | 0.18 | 1.50 | 0.23 |
Non-remitters (n = 35) | 0.88 (0.29) | ||||
Median (IQR) | Spearman’s rho | p | partial corr. coeff. | p | |
Delta % MADRS T1-T0 | 75 (77) | −0.11 | 0.23 | −0.12 | 0.17 |
Delta % MADRS T2-T0 | 78 (118) | −0.16 | 0.13 | −0.18 | 0.10 |
MADRS scores at T0 | 33 (36) | 0.03 | 0.73 | 0.03 | 0.76 |
MADRS scores at T1 | 8 (7) | 0.11 | 0.20 | 0.13 | 0.15 |
MADRS scores at T2 | 7.5 (18) | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.12 |
Number of ECT sessions | 7 (3) | 0.03 | 0.71 | 0.02 | 0.79 |
Unadjusted Analyses | Analyses Adjusted for Age | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Statistics | p | Statistics | p |
Years of education, median (IQR): 8 (8) | 0.14 a | 0.10 | 0.01 b | 0.90 |
BMI, median (IQR): 26.4 (6.7) | −0.16 a | 0.067 | −0.19 b | 0.027 |
Psychotic symptoms (70.9%) | 2162 c | 0.687 | 0.09 d | 0.76 |
Smoking (35.1%) | 2405 c | 0.72 | 0.24 d | 0.63 |
History of substance abuse (5.1%) | 435 c | 0.85 | 0.27 d | 0.60 |
Comorbid alcohol abuse (2.7%) | 244 c | 0.60 | 0.10 d | 0.75 |
Comorbid anxiety disorders (27.7%) | 2030 c | 0.48 | 1.64 d | 0.20 |
Comorbid personality disorders (23.6%) | 1456 c | 0.019 | 2.36 d | 0.13 |
Comorbid cardiometabolic disorders (27.0%) | 2055 c | 0.65 | 1.74 d | 0.19 |
Unadjusted Analyses | Analyses Adjusted for Age | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | U | p | Quade’s F | p |
Antipsychotics (76.2%) | 1730 | 0.30 | 0.56 | 0.46 |
Antidepressants (95.2%) | 378 | 0.31 | 0.11 | 0.19 |
Mood stabilizers (15.0%) | 1258 | 0.53 | 0.15 | 0.70 |
Benzodiazepines (87.1%) | 1150 | 0.34 | 1.05 | 0.31 |
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Pisanu, C.; Vitali, E.; Meloni, A.; Congiu, D.; Severino, G.; Ardau, R.; Chillotti, C.; Trabucchi, L.; Bortolomasi, M.; Gennarelli, M.; et al. Investigating the Role of Leukocyte Telomere Length in Treatment-Resistant Depression and in Response to Electroconvulsive Therapy. J. Pers. Med. 2021, 11, 1100. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11111100
Pisanu C, Vitali E, Meloni A, Congiu D, Severino G, Ardau R, Chillotti C, Trabucchi L, Bortolomasi M, Gennarelli M, et al. Investigating the Role of Leukocyte Telomere Length in Treatment-Resistant Depression and in Response to Electroconvulsive Therapy. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2021; 11(11):1100. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11111100
Chicago/Turabian StylePisanu, Claudia, Erika Vitali, Anna Meloni, Donatella Congiu, Giovanni Severino, Raffaella Ardau, Caterina Chillotti, Luigi Trabucchi, Marco Bortolomasi, Massimo Gennarelli, and et al. 2021. "Investigating the Role of Leukocyte Telomere Length in Treatment-Resistant Depression and in Response to Electroconvulsive Therapy" Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 11: 1100. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11111100