Hypoxemia Index Associated with Prehospital Intubation in COVID-19 Patients
Abstract
:1. Background
2. Methods
2.1. Design, Setting, and Participants
2.2. Ethical Considerations
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Study Characteristics
3.2. Main Measurements
3.3. Propensity Score Matching Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Overall Population (n = 300) | In-Hospital Admission without Prehospital Intubation (n = 200) | Prehospital Intubation (n = 18) | OR (95% CI) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||||
Age in years | 64 ± 18 | 61 ± 19 | 62 ± 11 | 1.00 (0.98–1.03) | 0.798 |
Male gender | 166 (55%) | 161 (80%) | 5 (28%) | 0.46 (0.14–0.57) | <10−3 |
Hypertension | 91 (30%) | 82 (41%) | 9 (50%) | 0.36 (0.58–4.41) | 0.359 |
Coronaropathy | 22 (7%) | 22 (11%) | 0 (0%) | 0.1 (0.01–8.8 × 1031) | 0.991 |
Cardiopathy | 34 (11%) | 33 (17%) | 1 (6%) | 0.31 (0.02–1.61) | 0.267 |
Diabetes mellitus | 56 (19%) | 48 (24%) | 8 (44%) | 2.78 (0.99–7.66) | 0.046 |
Obesity | 36 (12%) | 32 (16%) | 4 (22%) | 1.60 (0.43–4.85) | 0.438 |
COPD | 22 (7%) | 22 (11%) | 0 (0%) | 0.1 (0.01–8.8 × 1031) | 0.991 |
Chronic renal failure | 2 (0.1%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (11%) | 2.06 × 108 (0.1–8.8 × 1031) | 0.991 |
Immunosuppression | 15 (5%) | 13 (7%) | 2 (11%) | 1.90 (0.28–7.76) | 0.467 |
Asthma | 22 (7%) | 20 (10%) | 2 (11%) | 1.19 (0.18–4.63) | 0.828 |
Active smoking | 21 (7%) | 21 (11%) | 0 (0%) | 0.1 (0.01–7.4 × 1032) | 0.991 |
Prehospital vital signs | |||||
HR (beats/min) | 96 ± 23 | 95 ± 23 | 108 ± 18 | 1.02 (0.99–1.04) | 0.024 |
SBP (mm Hg) | 138 ± 24 | 138 ± 24 | 143 ± 26 | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 0.411 |
Body core temperature (°C) | 37.1 (36.1–38.2) | 37.0 (36.1–38.2) | 38.0 (36.6–38.7) | 1.3 (0.94–1.88) | 0.156 |
Glasgow coma scale | 15 (15–15) | 15 (15–15) | 14 (3–15) | 0.76 (0.68–0.85) | |
RR (movements/min) | 28 ± 10 | 27 ± 10 | 35 ± 11 | 1.06 (1.02–1.11) | 0.011 |
Pulse oximetry (%) | 89 (76–98) | 90 (80–98) | 45 (43–56) | 0.90 (0.85–0.94) | <10−3 |
HI | 3.4 ± 1.9 | 3.6 ± 1.8 | 1.0 ± 1.0 | 0.24 (0.12–0.41) | <10−3 |
HI <1.3 | 20 (7%) | 9 (5%) | 11 (61%) | 38.38 (11.57–146.54) | <10−3 |
Norepinephrine administration | 7 (2%) | 3 (0.1%) | 4 (22%) | 18.76 (3.80–103.48) | <10−3 |
Symptom | n | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
Dyspnea | 152 | 51 |
Fever | 135 | 45 |
Cough | 92 | 31 |
Chest pain | 50 | 17 |
Myalgia | 32 | 11 |
Discomfort | 28 | 9 |
Diarrhea | 23 | 8 |
Vomiting | 12 | 4 |
Anosmia | 11 | 4 |
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Jouffroy, R.; Kedzierewicz, R.; Derkenne, C.; Bertho, K.; Scannavino, M.; Frattini, B.; Lemoine, F.; Jost, D.; Prunet, B. Hypoxemia Index Associated with Prehospital Intubation in COVID-19 Patients. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 3025. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9093025
Jouffroy R, Kedzierewicz R, Derkenne C, Bertho K, Scannavino M, Frattini B, Lemoine F, Jost D, Prunet B. Hypoxemia Index Associated with Prehospital Intubation in COVID-19 Patients. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(9):3025. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9093025
Chicago/Turabian StyleJouffroy, Romain, Romain Kedzierewicz, Clement Derkenne, Kilian Bertho, Marine Scannavino, Benoit Frattini, Frederic Lemoine, Daniel Jost, and Bertrand Prunet. 2020. "Hypoxemia Index Associated with Prehospital Intubation in COVID-19 Patients" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 9: 3025. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9093025