Dickkopf Homolog 3 (DKK3) as a Prognostic Marker in Lupus Nephritis: A Prospective Monocentric Experience
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Renal Biopsy
2.3. Renal Response and Relapse
2.4. Immunological Testing
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Demographics | |
---|---|
Age, median (25th–75th) | 45.3 (19.1–61.3) |
Females, n (%) | 102 (77%) |
Disease duration at the time of study inclusion, months, median (25th–75th) | 6.3 (1.0–9.0) |
Serology | |
ANA, n (%) | 132 (100%) |
Anti-dsDNA, n (%) | 107 (81%) |
Low complement (C3 and/or C4), n (%) | 118 (89%) |
aPL, n (%) | 47 (35%) |
Clinical Manifestations | |
Joint involvement, n (%) | 89 (67%) |
Oral aphthosis, n (%) | 45 (34%) |
Photosensitivity, n (%) | 41 (31%) |
Skin involvement, n (%) | 77 (58%) |
Hematological involvement, n (%) | 57 (43%) |
Serositis, n (%) | 17 (13%) |
Renal involvement, n (%) | 57 (43%) |
Nephrotic range proteinuria, n (%) | 36 (28%) |
Class IV (+/−V), n (%) | 46 (35%) |
Class III (+/−V), n (%) | 6 (5%) |
Class V, n (%) | 5 (4%) |
Outcome | AUC | Sensitivity | Specificity |
---|---|---|---|
LN diagnosis | 94% | 97% | 88% |
Fibrosis scores | 72% | 90% | 63% |
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Sciascia, S.; Barinotti, A.; Radin, M.; Cecchi, I.; Menegatti, E.; Terzolo, E.; Rossi, D.; Baldovino, S.; Fenoglio, R.; Roccatello, D. Dickkopf Homolog 3 (DKK3) as a Prognostic Marker in Lupus Nephritis: A Prospective Monocentric Experience. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 2977. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11112977
Sciascia S, Barinotti A, Radin M, Cecchi I, Menegatti E, Terzolo E, Rossi D, Baldovino S, Fenoglio R, Roccatello D. Dickkopf Homolog 3 (DKK3) as a Prognostic Marker in Lupus Nephritis: A Prospective Monocentric Experience. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(11):2977. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11112977
Chicago/Turabian StyleSciascia, Savino, Alice Barinotti, Massimo Radin, Irene Cecchi, Elisa Menegatti, Edoardo Terzolo, Daniela Rossi, Simone Baldovino, Roberta Fenoglio, and Dario Roccatello. 2022. "Dickkopf Homolog 3 (DKK3) as a Prognostic Marker in Lupus Nephritis: A Prospective Monocentric Experience" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 11: 2977. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11112977