Flight and Reproduction Variations of Rice Leaf Roller, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis in Response to Different Rearing Temperatures
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Insect Rearing
2.2. Temperature Treatments
2.3. Larval Development of C. medinalis
2.4. Reproductive Parameter Determination
2.5. Flight Treatment and Capacity Assessments
2.6. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Development of C. medinalis Exposed to Different Rearing Temperatures in the Immature Stage
3.2. Reproductive Performance of C. medinalis Adults from Different Rearing Temperatures in the Immature Stage (the Control Moths without Tethered Flight)
3.3. Flight Capacity of C. medinalis Emergenced from Different Rearing Temperatures in the Immature Stage
3.4. Influence of Flight on Reproduction Treated by Different Immature Stage Rearing Temperatures
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Development Parameters | Rearing Temperatures | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
18 °C | 22 °C | 26 °C | 34 °C | |
Egg-larval period (d) | 53.80 ± 0.39 a | 30.59 ± 0.23 b | 23.76 ± 0.08 c | 23.25 ± 0.14 c |
Pupal period (d) | 17.83 ± 0.31 a | 8.87 ± 0.19 b | 5.78 ± 0.09 c | 4.99 ± 0.10 d |
Larval mortality rate (%) | 74.00 ± 10.51 a | 49.35 ± 12.52 a | 46.00 ± 25.14 a | 53.05 ± 18.49 a |
Pupal mortality rate (%) | 36.45 ± 23.86 a | 25.62 ± 8.71 a | 18.85 ± 3.45 a | 27.70 ± 5.04 a |
Pupation rate (%) | 35.14 ± 25.47 a | 50.65 ±12.52 a | 54.00 ± 25.14 a | 46.95 ± 18.49 a |
Eclosion rate (%) | 71.34 ± 8.15 a | 59.94 ± 23.97 a | 76.64 ± 3.98 a | 68.61 ± 6.28 a |
Period of synchronized eclosion (d) | 9.40 ± 0.48 a | 5.66 ± 0.24 b | 4.08 ± 0.13 c | 4.61 ± 0.17 c |
Sex ratio (female/total progeny) | 0.55 ± 0.02 a | 0.56 ± 0.06 a | 0.57 ± 0.04 a | 0.52 ± 0.08 a |
Reproductive Parameters | Rearing Temperatures | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
18 °C | 22 °C | 26 °C | 34 °C | |
Preoviposition period (d) | 4.91 ± 0.42 b | 5.12 ± 0.26 b | 7.97 ± 0.90 a | 7.38 ± 0.48 a |
Period of first oviposition (d) | 2.91 ± 0.42 a | 3.12 ± 0.26 a | 3.97 ± 0.90 a | 4.38 ± 0.48 a |
Lifetime fecundity | 214.23 ± 28.31 a | 181.40 ± 20.13 a | 103.20 ± 17.38 b | 74.62 ± 20.83 b |
Mating frequency | 1.05 ± 0.20 a | 0.81 ± 0.10 ab | 0.51 ± 0.08 b | 0.42 ± 0.10 b |
Female longevity (d) | 16.27 ± 0.93 a | 13.74 ± 0.82 a | 15.54 ± 0.68 a | 10.58 ± 0.97 b |
Oviposition period (d) | 8.05 ± 0.98 a | 7.76 ± 0.72 a | 6.74 ± 0.79 ab | 4.04 ± 0.63 b |
Mating percentage (%) | 68.18 ± 10.16 a | 66.67 ± 7.36 a | 51.43 ± 8.57 a | 41.67 ± 10.28 a |
Parameters | Sex | Rearing Temperatures | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
18 °C | 22 °C | 26 °C | 34 °C | ||
Flight duration (h) | Female | 2.34 ± 0.47 a | 3.37 ± 0.36 a | 3.87 ± 0.37 a | 3.25 ± 0.36 a * |
Male | 3.09 ± 0.55 ab | 3.04 ± 0.34 ab | 3.74 ± 0.34 a | 2.02 ± 0.34 b | |
Flight distance (km) | Female | 4.42 ± 1.14 a | 7.13 ± 1.09 a | 8.12 ± 1.13 a | 6.30 ± 0.98 a |
Male | 6.07 ± 1.29 a | 6.34 ± 0.96 a | 7.92 ± 0.97 a | 4.15 ± 0.91 b | |
Average velocity | Female | 1.54 ± 0.21 a | 2.24 ± 0.1 7 a | 2.24 ± 0.14 a | 2.76 ± 0.18 a |
(km/h) | Male | 1.75 ± 0.21 a | 1.82 ± 0.15 a | 1.92 ± 0.13 a | 1.67 ± 0.14 a |
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Lv, W.; Jiang, X.; Chen, X.; Cheng, Y.; Xia, J.; Zhang, L. Flight and Reproduction Variations of Rice Leaf Roller, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis in Response to Different Rearing Temperatures. Insects 2021, 12, 1083. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12121083
Lv W, Jiang X, Chen X, Cheng Y, Xia J, Zhang L. Flight and Reproduction Variations of Rice Leaf Roller, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis in Response to Different Rearing Temperatures. Insects. 2021; 12(12):1083. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12121083
Chicago/Turabian StyleLv, Weixiang, Xingfu Jiang, Xiujie Chen, Yunxia Cheng, Jixing Xia, and Lei Zhang. 2021. "Flight and Reproduction Variations of Rice Leaf Roller, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis in Response to Different Rearing Temperatures" Insects 12, no. 12: 1083. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12121083