Sub-Chronic Stress Exacerbates the Pro-Thrombotic Phenotype in BDNFVal/Met Mice: Gene-Environment Interaction in the Modulation of Arterial Thrombosis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Sub-Chronic Restraint Stress (RS) Induced Activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis and Altered Body Weight
2.2. RS Predisposed BDNFVal/Met Mice to Thrombosis
2.3. RS Increased Circulating Blood Cell Number and Platelet Activation State
2.4. RS Increased Bone-Marrow Megakaryocytes Number without Affecting Their Maturation State
2.5. RS Altered the Expression of Tissue Factor and BDNF but Not the Expression of Sirt1
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Mice
4.2. Restraint Stress (RS) Procedure
4.3. Arterial Thrombosis Model
4.4. Whole Blood Counts
4.5. Platelet–Leukocyte Aggregate Analysis
4.6. Platelet Studies
4.7. Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR)
4.8. Measurement of TF Activity in Aortic Tissue
4.9. Bone Marrow Histology and MK Analyses
4.10. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
BDNF | Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor |
CNS | Central Nervous System |
CVD | Cardiovascular Disease |
GxE | Gene-environment Interaction |
HPA | Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis |
RS | Restraint Stress |
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Sandrini, L.; Ieraci, A.; Amadio, P.; Veglia, F.; Popoli, M.; Lee, F.S.; Tremoli, E.; Barbieri, S.S. Sub-Chronic Stress Exacerbates the Pro-Thrombotic Phenotype in BDNFVal/Met Mice: Gene-Environment Interaction in the Modulation of Arterial Thrombosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 3235. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19103235
Sandrini L, Ieraci A, Amadio P, Veglia F, Popoli M, Lee FS, Tremoli E, Barbieri SS. Sub-Chronic Stress Exacerbates the Pro-Thrombotic Phenotype in BDNFVal/Met Mice: Gene-Environment Interaction in the Modulation of Arterial Thrombosis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(10):3235. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19103235
Chicago/Turabian StyleSandrini, Leonardo, Alessandro Ieraci, Patrizia Amadio, Fabrizio Veglia, Maurizio Popoli, Francis S. Lee, Elena Tremoli, and Silvia Stella Barbieri. 2018. "Sub-Chronic Stress Exacerbates the Pro-Thrombotic Phenotype in BDNFVal/Met Mice: Gene-Environment Interaction in the Modulation of Arterial Thrombosis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 10: 3235. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19103235