COVID-19 Pandemic Has Changed the Psychiatric Profile of Adolescents Attempting Suicide: A Cross-Sectional Comparison
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.2. Ethical Considerations
2.3. Instruments
- -
- The pre-pandemic period, which includes participants recruited from the start of the study until the state of emergency was declared in Spain (February 2019–February 2020).
- -
- The pandemic period, which includes participants recruited from the declaration of the state of emergency in Spain to the end of the study (March 2020–March 2021).
2.4. Data Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
Study Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Total (n = 90) (100%) | Pre-Pandemic (n = 52) (58.8%) | Pandemic (n = 38) (42.2%) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (mean ± SD) | 15.2 ± 1.4 | 15.5 ±1.2 | 14.7 ±1.6 | 0.009 |
Sex (%fem) | 76 (84.8%) | 44 (84.6%) | 32 (84.2%) | 0.958 |
Primary diagnosis at the time of assessment | ||||
Anxiety disorder | 6 (6.7%) | 1 (1.9%) | 5 (13.2%) | 0.003 |
Depressive disorder | 17 (18.9%) | 6 (11.5%) | 11 (28.9%) | |
Maladaptive personality traits | 25 (27.8%) | 15 (28.8%) | 10 (26.3%) | |
Unspecified adjustment disorders | 26 (28.9%) | 20 (38.5%) | 6 (15.8%) | |
Autism spectrum disorder | 5 (5.6%) | 1 (1.9%) | 4 (10.5%) | |
Conduct disorder | 11 (12.2%) | 9 (17.3%) | 2 (5.3%) | |
Psychiatric comorbidities at the time of assessment | ||||
Depressive disorder | 8 (8.9%) | 5 (9.6%) | 3 (7.9%) | 0.777 |
Anxiety disorder | 6 (6.7%) | 2 (3.8%) | 4 (10.5%) | 0.236 |
Conduct disorder | 15 (16.7%) | 13 (25%) | 2 (5.3%) | 0.002 |
ADHD | 23 (25.6%) | 12 (23.1%) | 11 (28.9%) | 0.528 |
Personal psychiatric history before index suicide attempt | ||||
Previous psychiatric condition | 45 (50%) | 31 (59.6%) | 14 (36.8%) | 0.03 |
Personal history: affective disorders | 20 (22.2%) | 15 (28.8%) | 5 (13.20%) | 0.07 |
Personal history: anxiety disorders | 11 (12.2%) | 3 (5.8%) | 8 (21.1%) | 0.03 |
Personal history: conduct disorders | 20 (22.2%) | 17 (32.7%) | 3 (7.9%) | 0.005 |
Personal history: ADHD | 14 (15.6%) | 9 (17.3%) | 5 (13.2%) | 0.592 |
Prior suicide attempts | 22 (24.4%) | 16 (30.8%) | 6 (15.8%) | 0.1 |
Prior non-suicidal self-injuries | 41 (45.6%) | 23 (44.2%) | 18 (47.4%) | 0.768 |
Family history of suicidal behavior | 15 (16.6%) | 9 (17.3%) | 6 (15.7%) | 0.84 |
Treatment with psychotropic drugs prior to the suicide attempt | ||||
Previous treatment with antidepressants | 28 (31.1%) | 17 (32.7%) | 11 (32.7%) | 0.705 |
Previous treatment with anxiolytics | 19 (21.1%) | 11 (21.2%) | 8 (21.1%) | 0.991 |
Previous treatment with psychostimulants | 9 (10.0%) | 6 (11.5%) | 3 (7.9%) | 0.569 |
Previous treatment with antipsychotics | 7 (7.8%) | 4 (7.7%) | 3 (7.9%) | 0.972 |
Scores of SIS (mean ± SD) | 8.2 ± 5.6 | 8.3 ± 5.2 | 8.1 ± 6.2 | 0.904 |
Wald Chi-Square | df | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
(Intercept) | 0.017 | 1 | 0.895 |
Current diagnosis (3 categories) | 10.992 | 2 | 0.004 |
History of anxiety disorders | 0.630 | 1 | 0.427 |
History of conduct disorders | 0.416 | 1 | 0.519 |
Comorbid conduct disorders | 0.100 | 1 | 0.751 |
Study period | 0.233 | 1 | 0.629 |
Age | 0.988 | 1 | 0.320 |
Current diagnosis × study period | 0.878 | 2 | 0.645 |
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Gracia-Liso, R.; Portella, M.J.; Puntí-Vidal, J.; Pujals-Altés, E.; Torralbas-Ortega, J.; Llorens, M.; Pamias, M.; Fradera-Jiménez, M.; Montalvo-Aguirrezabala, I.; Palao, D.J. COVID-19 Pandemic Has Changed the Psychiatric Profile of Adolescents Attempting Suicide: A Cross-Sectional Comparison. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 2952. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042952
Gracia-Liso R, Portella MJ, Puntí-Vidal J, Pujals-Altés E, Torralbas-Ortega J, Llorens M, Pamias M, Fradera-Jiménez M, Montalvo-Aguirrezabala I, Palao DJ. COVID-19 Pandemic Has Changed the Psychiatric Profile of Adolescents Attempting Suicide: A Cross-Sectional Comparison. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(4):2952. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042952
Chicago/Turabian StyleGracia-Liso, Rebeca, Maria J. Portella, Joaquim Puntí-Vidal, Elena Pujals-Altés, Jordi Torralbas-Ortega, Marta Llorens, Montserrat Pamias, Marc Fradera-Jiménez, Itziar Montalvo-Aguirrezabala, and Diego J. Palao. 2023. "COVID-19 Pandemic Has Changed the Psychiatric Profile of Adolescents Attempting Suicide: A Cross-Sectional Comparison" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4: 2952. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042952