Brazilian Children’s Understanding of the Quality of Life in Their Living Environment: A Qualitative Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Classification of Drawings
2.2. Analysis of the Narratives of the Drawings
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Municipality and of Population of Schools
3.2. Graphic Elements of the Drawings
3.3. QoL Themes and Categories
“A clean house that doesn’t have […] a lot of animals […] for example lizards, mice, rats […]” (C3-S2, boy, 7 years old)
“A house that is not falling down, like a simple house, but tidy, a house that has no mess […]” (C8-E1, girl, 10 years old)”
[…] it has to have a bathroom, living room, kitchen, bedroom […]” (C6-S5, boy, 8 years old).
“I made a square for the children to have fun […] there are plants, toys and a place for them to play.” (C7-S5, girl, 9 years old)
“A town also has to have a leisure area […] to have a picnic, for children to play and have fun.” (C6-S5, boy, 8 years old).
“The park is good for spending time with the family, they will have some fun”. (C10, S5, boy, 9 years old).
“A square […] For parents and children to interact more, have a better life, run, play on the swing, slide, ride a bike.” (C9, S5, girl, 10 years old).
“The court is for children to have a place of leisure […] as it is close to the neighborhood, they could go with their friends to play.” (C9, S2, boy, 9 years old).
“The square is for people to sit down […] there is a lake […] there is a tree, there are benches […]” (C5, S5, girl, 8 years old).
“It’s a bus. It doesn’t matter, we have a house and we have to walk a lot to catch the bus, then it doesn’t do it, especially when we are late” (C8-S3, boy, 9 years old).
“A light pole. If there is no light, everything is dark at night, then you cannot see.” (C5-S1, girl, 8 years old).
“I drew […] the garbage dumps […] if it [the neighborhood] is not clean […] we are getting sick […] it can bring several bacteria and dengue mosquitoes.” (C8-S3, boy, 9 years old).
“The trash is not to let the neighborhood very dirty.” (C5-S2, girl, 8 years old).
“The supermarket…because we buy […] things to eat.” (C8-S1, girl, 10 years old).
“We have to use the bank often, […] all of these (things) are there for us not to go far, for us to have access.” (C6-S5, boy, 8 years old).
“A hospital […] when someone gets sick or has a problem. You just take them to the hospital, and they are taken care of.” (C7-S5, girl, 9 years old).
“If someone was sick […] if we didn’t have a health post, he could die.” (C5-S2, girl, 8 years old).
“Nobody fights with anyone; there’s no shooting, there are no thugs. Everyone is calm, in their corner.” (C7-S1, boy, 9 years old).
“Love […] the real neighborhood has to have this […] you have to sit and talk, […] make things up.” (C9-S4, girl, 10 years).
“A neighborhood that has nothing wrong […] that doesn’t have much movement on the streets” (C8-S4, boy, 9 years old).
“Because if I go alone [to the park], […] some men […]. some bikers would catch me […] I will only go when my mother goes.” (C1-S4, boy, 6 years old).
“I don’t leave the house because my mother doesn’t let me […] she said that I can play inside or outside on the balcony […] on the street not […] because there may be cars and buses.” (C2-S4, girl, 6 years old).
“No, I can’t [fly a kite on the street] because my mother is afraid of the bad people in my neighborhood […] the bad guys” (C8-S4, boy, 9 years old).
“[…] Many people can’t jump over the wall, because the wall is high […] there was a dog there […] they barked too much and helped us because a thug wanted to steal some things from the little room […]”. (C3-S2, boy, 8 years old).
“Because if someone gets in, the dog will bite.” (C8-S4, boy, 9 years old).
“[…] Then like a dog, it just likes the owner, then if another person is going to do bad things, then it goes there and bites them […] It can help me.” (C9-S4, girl, 10 years).
“[…] There are three watchmen […] at night they have a motorcycle, each one goes to a neighborhood […] so as not for people to steal, so that bad things don’t happen”. (C5-S5, girl, 8 years old).
“Having more security, having more policemen in the neighborhood going around […]” (C7-S1, boy, 9 years old).
“[…] without traffic signs […] a car could run over […] These are pedestrian crossings […], and accidents don’t happen.” (C6-S5, boy, 8 years old).
“The school is the place that teaches children. So, it is good for making children smarter and …and improve in the future, to raise awareness.” (C10-S5, boy, 10 years old).
“So children don’t have to leave their neighborhood to study […].” (C9-S2 boy, 10 years old).
“Rain is important for plants to grow.” (C3-S3, girl, 7 years old).
“Rain is good for plants.” (C4-S3, boy, 7 years old).
“[…] It’s water, and they also go to rivers and sewers, it becomes clean for us to drink and wash the pots, the bathroom.” (C8-S2, girl, 9 years old).
“The house needs water […] without it, nothing works […]” (C2-E1, boy, 6 years old).
“For when you are cold, the sun warms you up. If you are homeless.” (C7-S4, girl, 9 years old).
“The sun […] provides light and warmth” (C7-S1, boy, 9 years old).
“The sun has a vitamin […] staying. in the sun before 10 a.m. is very good, but then […]” (C9-S4, girl, 10 years old).
“The tree makes us breathe properly […] The air is good for us to breathe […]” (C4-S5, girl, 8 years old).
“For us to have some shade and breathe.” (C6-E4, boy, 8 years old).
“[…] Some trees bear fruits, and fruits are healthy for us […]” (C2-S5, girl, 6 years old).
“[…] They bear fruits that are good for health, for example, orange, apple […]” (C3-S2, boy, 7 years old).
“Because if you don’t take care of them [trees], they can die.” (C1-E3, girl, 6 years old).
“oh, to preserve nature … also because there are a lot of people cutting trees.” (C7-S2, boy, 9 years old).
“I designed few cars because the smoke pollutes the environment […] I did it there more to demonstrate liveliness, which is in need” (C7-S1, boy, 9 years old).
“[…] Cars [produce] a lot of smoke and pollute the air.” (C8-E2, girl, 9 years old).
“We have to love our family a lot […] they help us do everything […] study […] work to buy our little things.” (C1-S3).
“[…] Taking care of us with affection, love, kisses, and hugs.” (C4-S2).
“[…] it’s good to have friends […] we lend and share things.” (C1-S1).
“Me and my friend […] we can talk to them about many things we don’t like, that we are ashamed to tell our dad and mom.” (C9-S4).
“I like to send a lot of emoji to my friends.” (C10, S3, girl, 10 years old).
“Play hide and seek, high pike, colorful elephant” (C3-S5).
“[…] I like to go to her house, because […] she plays with me.” (C3, S3, girl, 7 years old).
3.4. Theoretical Model
4. Discussion
Article 6. Education, health, food, work, housing, transportation, leisure, security, social security, maternity and child protection, assistance to the destitute are social rights, in the form of this Constitution [41].
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Graphic Elements | Girls | Boys | Total | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | ||||
Physical Objects | |||||
natural elements | Present | 125 (56.1) | 98 (43.9) | 223 | 0.001 |
Absent | 7 (24.1) | 22 (75.9) | 29 | ||
houses | Present | 107 (53.0) | 95 (47.0) | 202 | 0.707 |
Absent | 25 (50.0) | 25 (50.0) | 50 | ||
buildings | Present | 45 (54.9) | 37 (45.1) | 82 | 0.581 |
Absent | 87 (51.2) | 83 (48.8) | 170 | ||
means of transport | Present | 37 (44.0) | 47 (56.0) | 84 | 0.061 |
Absent | 95 (56.5) | 73 (43.5) | 168 | ||
toys | Present | 45 (49,5) | 46 (50.5) | 161 | 0.484 |
Absent | 87 (54.0) | 74 (46.0) | 91 | ||
places of leisure | Present | 35 (49.3) | 36 (50.7) | 71 | 0.539 |
Absent | 97 (53.6) | 84 (46.4) | 181 | ||
Commerce | Present | 24 (53.3) | 21 (46.7) | 45 | 0.888 |
Absent | 108 (52.2) | 99 (47.8) | 207 | ||
Urban cleanliness | Present | 26 (68.4) | 12 (31.6) | 38 | 0.032 |
Absent | 106 (49.5) | 108 (50.5) | 214 | ||
School | Present | 25 (62.5) | 15 (37.5) | 40 | 0.162 |
Absent | 107 (50.5) | 105 (49.5) | 212 | ||
Health services | Present | 14 (50.0) | 14 (50.0) | 28 | 0.789 |
Absent | 118 (52.7) | 106 (47.3) | 224 | ||
Street lighting | Present | 12 (57.1) | 9 (42.9) | 21 | 0.648 |
Absent | 120 (51.9) | 111(48.1) | 231 | ||
Social Objects | |||||
People | Present | 77 (52.7) | 69 (47.3) | 146 | 0.894 |
Absent | 55 (51.9) | 51 (48.1) | 106 | ||
Abstract Objects | |||||
Symbols of hearts, and “Peace and Love” | Present | 11 (61.1) | 7 (38.9) | 18 | 0.442 |
Absent | 121 (51.7) | 113 (48.3) | 234 |
Themes | Analysis Categories | Description |
---|---|---|
Physical environment | Home | Organized and clean domestic environment, comfortable, physical structure |
Leisure Place | Squares, parks | |
Essential services | Urban mobility, urban cleaning, public lighting, shops and health services, schools, security | |
Natural Elements | Water, sun, plants | |
Social environment | Family | Care, affection, and financial support |
Friends | Confidence; toys and games |
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Oliveira, C.A.S.d.; Vargas, A.M.D.; Ferreira, F.d.M.; Ferreira, E.F.e. Brazilian Children’s Understanding of the Quality of Life in Their Living Environment: A Qualitative Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5101. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145101
Oliveira CASd, Vargas AMD, Ferreira FdM, Ferreira EFe. Brazilian Children’s Understanding of the Quality of Life in Their Living Environment: A Qualitative Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(14):5101. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145101
Chicago/Turabian StyleOliveira, Camilla Aparecida Silva de, Andréa Maria Duarte Vargas, Fernanda de Morais Ferreira, and Efigênia Ferreira e Ferreira. 2020. "Brazilian Children’s Understanding of the Quality of Life in Their Living Environment: A Qualitative Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14: 5101. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145101