Does Cognitive–Physical Dual-Task Training Have Better Clinical Outcomes than Cognitive Single-Task Training Does? A Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Subjects
2.3. Intervention
2.4. Measurement
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Subject’s Characteristics
3.2. Executive Function
3.3. Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Session | Theme | Contents |
---|---|---|
1, 2 | Cognitive task | Counting numbers (1 → 100, sequentially) Naming pictures (flowers and fruit) |
Physical task | Aerobic exercise (ROM exercise of wrist, elbow, and shoulder) Strength exercise (pull a thera-band using a hand) | |
3, 4 | Cognitive task | Counting numbers (1 → 100, random) Naming pictures (animals and vegetables) |
Physical task | Aerobic exercise (ROM exercise of wrist, elbow, and shoulder) Strength exercise (pass the ball to the side, back, and forward) | |
5, 6 | Cognitive task | Calculation (addition) Naming them backwards and find the common pictures (flowers and fruits) |
Physical task | Aerobic exercise (ROM exercise of wrist, elbow, shoulder, ankle, knee, and hip) Strength exercise (throw a ball) | |
7, 8 | Cognitive task | Calculation (subtraction) Naming them backwards and find the common pictures (animals and vegetables) |
Physical task | Aerobic exercise (ROM exercise of wrist, elbow, shoulder, ankle, knee, and hip) Strength exercise (pull and push thera-band using a leg) |
Characteristics | Experimental Group (n = 21) | Control Group (n = 21) | χ2/t | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 10 (52.4%) | 9 (42.9%) | 0.757 |
Female | 11 (47.6%) | 12 (57.1%) | ||
Age, years (SD) | 74.33 ± 5.39 | 74.71 ± 5.55 | −0.255 | |
Education period (years) | 8.00 ± 2.38 | 8.05 ± 3.02 | −0.057 | |
MoCA-K (scores) | 20.38 ± 1.28 | 19.57 ± 1.69 | 1.748 |
Experimental Group (n = 21) | Control Group (n = 21) | Between-Group Differences | p | η2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
EFPT-K (scores) | |||||
Pre-intervention | 53.90 ± 4.17 | 53.86 ± 4.16 | 2.81 (0.53; 5.08) | <0.001 | 0.132 ** |
Post-intervention | 46.62 ± 5.05 | 49.38 ± 4.28 | |||
Within-group changes | 7.28 ± 4.45 (5.25; 9.31) | 4.47 ± 2.62 (3.28; 5.66) | |||
FAB (scores) | |||||
Pre-intervention | 9.90 ± 1.13 | 10.10 ± 1.37 | 0.85 (0.44; 1.27) | <0.001 | 0.305 *** |
Post-intervention | 11.00 ± 1.58 | 10.33 ± 1.24 | |||
Within-group changes | −1.09 ± 0.70 (−1.41; −0.77) | −0.23 ± 0.62 (−0.53; 0.04) | |||
K-IADL (scores) | |||||
Pre-intervention | 16.52 ± 2.80 | 16.86 ± 2.33 | 2.42 (0.97; 3.88) | <0.001 | 0.221 ** |
Post-intervention | 20.14 ± 2.43 | 18.05 ± 2.31 | |||
Within-group changes | −0.3.61 ± 3.18 (−5.06; −2.19) | −1.19 ± 0.87 (−1.58; −0.79) |
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Kim, J.-H.; Park, J.-H. Does Cognitive–Physical Dual-Task Training Have Better Clinical Outcomes than Cognitive Single-Task Training Does? A Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare 2023, 11, 1544. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11111544
Kim J-H, Park J-H. Does Cognitive–Physical Dual-Task Training Have Better Clinical Outcomes than Cognitive Single-Task Training Does? A Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare. 2023; 11(11):1544. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11111544
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Jong-Hyeon, and Jin-Hyuck Park. 2023. "Does Cognitive–Physical Dual-Task Training Have Better Clinical Outcomes than Cognitive Single-Task Training Does? A Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial" Healthcare 11, no. 11: 1544. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11111544