Imatinib Mesylate-Loaded Rosin/Cinnamon Oil-Based In Situ Forming Gel against Colorectal Cancer Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Rheological Characterization
2.2. Injectability and Mechanical Properties
2.3. Gel Formation
2.4. Interfacial Phenomena
2.5. In Vitro Drug Release
2.5.1. Effect of the Rosin Concentration
2.5.2. Effect of the CO Content
2.6. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
2.7. Cytotoxicity
2.7.1. Cytotoxicity of Rosin
2.7.2. Cytotoxicity of ISG Formulations
3. Conclusions
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Preparation of ISG
4.3. Rheology and Viscosity Characterization
4.4. Injectability and Mechanical Properties
4.5. Gel Formation Study
4.6. Interfacial Phenomena
4.7. In Vitro Drug Release Studies
4.8. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
4.9. Cytotoxicity
4.10. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Formula | Work of Injectability (N.mm) | Hardness | Adhesion | |
---|---|---|---|---|
21-Guage | 24-Guage | (n) | (n) | |
IM-R35 | 4.90 ± 0.37 | 13.21 ± 1.57 | 0.275 ± 0.03 | 0.028 ± 0.02 |
IM-R45 | 7.39 ± 0.50 | 24.91 ± 1.34 | 0.433 ± 0.03 | 0.030 ± 0.01 |
IM-R55 | 16.16 ± 0.98 | 84.08 ± 8.31 | 0.580 ± 0.02 | 0.040 ± 0.00 |
IM-RC2.5 | 18.71 ± 1.35 | 104.1 ± 5.83 | 0.437 ± 0.03 | 0.037 ± 0.01 |
IM-RC5 | 23.33 ± 3.04 | 125.0 ± 11.3 | 0.204 ± 0.03 | 0.042 ± 0.01 |
IM-RC10 | 27.10 ± 2.82 | 154.6 ± 10.0 | 0.116 ± 0.02 | 0.128 ± 0.00 |
Formula | Zero Order | First Order | Higuchi’s | Korsmeyer–Peppas | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r2 | r2 | r2 | r2 | n | Release Mechanism | |
IM-R35 | 0.799 | 0.814 | 0.938 | 1.000 | 0.239 | Fickian diffusion |
IM-R45 | 0.811 | 0.826 | 0.945 | 1.000 | 0.251 | Fickian diffusion |
IM-R55 | 0.840 | 0.854 | 0.961 | 0.988 | 0.325 | Fickian diffusion |
IM-RC2.5 | 0.820 | 0.846 | 0.941 | 0.956 | 0.379 | Fickian diffusion |
IM-RC5 | 0.784 | 0.833 | 0.908 | 0.921 | 0.400 | Fickian diffusion |
IM-RC10 | 0.895 | 0.942 | 0.974 | 0.975 | 0.488 | non-Fickian diffusion |
Formula | IM | Rosin | CO | DMSO |
---|---|---|---|---|
(% w/w) | (% w/w) | (% w/w) | (% w/w) | |
IM-R35 | 1 | 35 | - | 64 |
IM-R45 | 1 | 45 | - | 54 |
IM-R55 | 1 | 55 | - | 44 |
IM-RC2.5 | 1 | 55 | 2.5 | 41.5 |
IM-RC5 | 1 | 55 | 5 | 39 |
IM-RC10 | 1 | 55 | 10 | 34 |
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Khaing, E.M.; Intaraphairot, T.; Mahadlek, J.; Okonogi, S.; Pichayakorn, W.; Phaechamud, T. Imatinib Mesylate-Loaded Rosin/Cinnamon Oil-Based In Situ Forming Gel against Colorectal Cancer Cells. Gels 2022, 8, 526. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8090526
Khaing EM, Intaraphairot T, Mahadlek J, Okonogi S, Pichayakorn W, Phaechamud T. Imatinib Mesylate-Loaded Rosin/Cinnamon Oil-Based In Situ Forming Gel against Colorectal Cancer Cells. Gels. 2022; 8(9):526. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8090526
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhaing, Ei Mon, Torsak Intaraphairot, Jongjan Mahadlek, Siriporn Okonogi, Wiwat Pichayakorn, and Thawatchai Phaechamud. 2022. "Imatinib Mesylate-Loaded Rosin/Cinnamon Oil-Based In Situ Forming Gel against Colorectal Cancer Cells" Gels 8, no. 9: 526. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8090526