Development of a Diagnostic Model Focusing on Esophageal Dysmotility in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Esophageal Measurements on Chest CT Scan
2.3. Clinical Outcome
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Prevalence of Esophageal Motility Abnormalities
3.2. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Patients with Esophageal Dysmotility and Normal Motility
3.3. Development of Diagnostic Model
3.4. Model Performance and Internal Validation
3.5. Visual Rendering of the Model
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total (n = 75) | Normal Esophageal Motility (n = 14) | Esophageal Dysmotility (n = 61) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (S.D.) | 53.0 (13.9) | 50.6 (11.7) | 53.0 (14.3) | 0.237 |
Female, n (%) | 68 (90.7) | 13 (92.9) | 55 (90.2) | >0.999 |
BMI, median kg/m2 | 22.1 (19.7, 24.2) | 24.8 (20.3, 26.8) | 21.6 (19.5, 23.5) | 0.076 |
Disease duration, median years, | 3.5 (1.0, 7.8) | 0.70 (0.24, 4.0) | 4.0 (1.25, 8.0) | 0.003 ** |
Diffuse SSc, n (%) | 24 (32.0) | 3 (21.4) | 21 (34.4) | 0.534 |
Raynaud’s phenomenon, n (%) | 71 (94.7) | 14 (100) | 57 (93.4) | >0.999 a |
Telangiectasia, n (%) | 25 (33.3) | 2 (14.3) | 23 (37.7) | 0.173 |
Digital ulcers, n (%) | 25 (33.3) | 1 (7.1) | 24 (39.3) | 0.047 * |
Esophageal symptoms, n (%) | 43 (57.3) | 5 (35.7) | 38 (62.3) | 0.070 |
ILD, n (%) | 58 (77.3) | 8 (57.1) | 50 (82.0) | 0.045 * |
PAH, n (%) | 14 (18.7) | 0 (0) | 14 (23.0) | 0.059 a |
Prior medications | ||||
Prednisone, n (%) | 32 (42.7) | 4 (28.6) | 28 (45.9) | 0.377 |
PPIs, n (%) | 14 (18.7) | 1 (7.1) | 13 (21.3) | 0.397 |
prokinetic drugs, n (%) | 4 (5.3) | 0 (0) | 4 (6.6) | >0.999 a |
Laboratory features | ||||
Anti-scl70, n (%) | 30 (40.0) | 5 (35.7) | 27 (44.3) | 0.560 |
Anti-centromere, n (%) | 18 (24.0) | 4 (28.6) | 15 (24.6) | >0.999 |
Anemia, n (%) | 19 (25.3) | 1 (7.1) | 18 (29.5) | 0.163 |
Hypoalbuminemia, n (%) | 51 (68.0) | 9 (64.3) | 42 (68.9) | 0.741 |
Predictors | β Coefficient | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p |
---|---|---|---|
Disease duration | 0.182 | 1.199 (0.950, 1.681) | 0.227 |
ILD | 0.372 | 1.450 (0.159, 42.73) | 0.680 |
WED | 0.376 | 1.457 (1.206, 1.948) | <0.001 |
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Liu, P.; Chai, J.; Dai, L.; Chen, B.; Zhao, J.; Lu, M.; Zeng, L.; Xia, Z.; Mu, R. Development of a Diagnostic Model Focusing on Esophageal Dysmotility in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis. Diagnostics 2022, 12, 3142. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12123142
Liu P, Chai J, Dai L, Chen B, Zhao J, Lu M, Zeng L, Xia Z, Mu R. Development of a Diagnostic Model Focusing on Esophageal Dysmotility in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis. Diagnostics. 2022; 12(12):3142. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12123142
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Peiling, Jing Chai, Liyi Dai, Beidi Chen, Jinxia Zhao, Ming Lu, Lin Zeng, Zhiwei Xia, and Rong Mu. 2022. "Development of a Diagnostic Model Focusing on Esophageal Dysmotility in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis" Diagnostics 12, no. 12: 3142. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12123142