Driver Genetic Mutations in Spinal Cord Gliomas Direct the Degree of Functional Impairment in Tumor-Associated Spinal Cord Injury
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Genetic Analysis
2.3. Neurological Assessment
2.4. Radiological Assessment
3. Results
3.1. Comparison of Spinal Glioma Cases with the IDH1 and H3 K27M Mutations
3.2. Types of Tumor Progenitor Cells Associated with Functional and Survival Outcomes in Spinal Gliomas
4. Discussion
4.1. Grade I Pilocytic Astrocytoma
4.2. Grade II Astrocytoma
4.3. Grade III/V Astrocytoma
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Case | Age | Sex | Location | Diagnosis | WHO Grade | Genetic Status | EOR | OS (months) | Dead/Alive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 29 | M | M-C5 | Pilocytic astrocytoma | 1 | - | 50% | 66 | A |
2 | 19 | M | Th8-12 | Pilocytic astrocytoma | 1 | - | 90% | 34 | A |
3 | 48 | F | M-C4 | Pilocytic astrocytoma | 1 | - | 30% | 62 | A |
4 | 53 | F | M-C5 | Astrocytoma | 2 | IDH-mut | 40% | 22 | A |
5 | 42 | F | C5-Th3 | Astrocytoma | 2 | IDH-mut | 60% | 37 | A |
6 | 14 | M | M-C6 | Glioblastoma | 4 | H3F3A-mut | 5% | 18 | D |
7 | 62 | F | Th10-12 | Anaplastic astrocytoma | 3 | H3F3A-mut | 30% | 22 | D |
8 | 15 | M | M-C1 | Anaplastic astrocytoma | 3 | H3F3A-mut | 60% | 57 | D |
Case | WHO Grade | Neurological Findings | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-op | 1 wk-Post-op | 1 yr-Post-op | ||||||||
Neurological Status | AIS | MMS | Changes in Neurological Status | AIS | MMS | Changes in Neurological Status | AIS | MMS | ||
1 | WHO grade I | weakness in left upper limb (4/5), numbness in left upper & lower limb | D | II | unchanged | D | II | unchanged | D | II |
2 | weakness in the limbs (4/5), bilateral femoral pain, urinary retention | D | III | worsend (Left lower limb muscle strength deteriorated to 2-3/5, hypesthesia in both lower limbs, urinary retention) | D | IV | improved (Almost normal lower limb muscle strength, hypesthesia in left lower limbs, urination without catheterization) | D | II | |
3 | weakness in the limbs (right 2/5, left 3/5) | C | IV | unchanged | C | IV | slightly improved (weakness in both limbs (right 2/5, left 3-4/5)) | C | IV | |
4 | WHO grade II | weakness in left proximal upper extremity muscle (4/5), left hand numbness, sensory ataxia | D | II | worsened (weakness in left upper limb (3/5) and lower limb (4/5), numbness in the limbs, sensory ataxia) | D | III | improved to the almost same status as pre-op | D | II |
5 | weakness in right lower limb (4/5), numbness in both lower limbs | D | II | worsened (weakness in right lower limb (4/5), numbness in the limbs) | D | II | unchanged from 1 wk-post-op status | D | II | |
6 | WHO grade III/IV | weakness in the limbs (2-3/5) | D | IV | worsened (weakness in upper limbs (3/5) and lower limbs (2/5)) | C | IV | worsend from 1 wk-post-op staus (tetraparesis, sensory disorders of the extremities, ureteral catheterization) | C | V |
7 | weakness in both lower limbs (right 2/5, left 0/5), Sensory disorders below Th12 level, urinary retention | C | IV | unchanged | C | IV | unchanged | C | IV | |
8 | weakness in the limbs (4/5) | D | II | unchanged | D | II | worsend from 1 wk-post-op staus (weakness in the limbs (2-3/5)) | D | III |
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Nagashima, Y.; Nishimura, Y.; Ohka, F.; Eguchi, K.; Aoki, K.; Ito, H.; Nishii, T.; Oyama, T.; Hara, M.; Kitano, Y.; et al. Driver Genetic Mutations in Spinal Cord Gliomas Direct the Degree of Functional Impairment in Tumor-Associated Spinal Cord Injury. Cells 2021, 10, 2525. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10102525
Nagashima Y, Nishimura Y, Ohka F, Eguchi K, Aoki K, Ito H, Nishii T, Oyama T, Hara M, Kitano Y, et al. Driver Genetic Mutations in Spinal Cord Gliomas Direct the Degree of Functional Impairment in Tumor-Associated Spinal Cord Injury. Cells. 2021; 10(10):2525. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10102525
Chicago/Turabian StyleNagashima, Yoshitaka, Yusuke Nishimura, Fumiharu Ohka, Kaoru Eguchi, Kosuke Aoki, Hiroshi Ito, Tomoya Nishii, Takahiro Oyama, Masahito Hara, Yotaro Kitano, and et al. 2021. "Driver Genetic Mutations in Spinal Cord Gliomas Direct the Degree of Functional Impairment in Tumor-Associated Spinal Cord Injury" Cells 10, no. 10: 2525. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10102525