Systematic Pathologic Findings Report of Callosciurus finlaysonii (Horsfield, 1823) (Rodentia, Sciuridae) Squirrels from Maratea Area (South Italy) to Investigate Species-Specific Pathologies, Reliability of CO2 Euthanasia Method, and Possible Use as Environmental Sentinels
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Capture
2.2. Necropsies
2.3. Samples Procedures
2.4. Data Collection
3. Results
3.1. Animal Signalment
3.2. External Examination
3.3. Organ Examination
3.3.1. Central Nervous System
3.3.2. Lymph Nodes
3.3.3. Mammary Glands
3.3.4. Respiratory Apparatus
3.3.5. Cardiovascular Apparatus
3.3.6. Abdominal Organs
3.3.7. Urinary Tract
3.3.8. Reproductive System
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Data Availability
Abbreviations
C. finlaysonii | Callosciurus finlaysonii |
IUCN | International Union for Conservation of Nature |
CO2 | Carbon dioxide; |
S. vulgaris | Sciurus vulgaris |
CIPE | Comitato interministeriale per la programmazione economica |
ISPRA | Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale |
SIC | Siti di interesse comunitario |
H. & E. | Hematoxylin eosin stain |
P.A.S. | Periodic acid Schiff stain |
I. acuminatus | Ixodes acuminatus |
HPF | High power field |
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Organs/Total Examined (%) | Lesions | Lesion/Affected Organs (%) |
---|---|---|
Lymph node 9/165 (5%) | Acute serous lymphadenitis | 9/9 (100%) |
Lung 142/165 (86%) | Atelectasis | 5/142 (3,5%) |
Emphysema | 11/142 (7,7%) | |
Edema | 26/142 (18%) | |
Fibrinous pneumonia | 73/142 (51%) | |
Congestion | 95/142 (67%) | |
Liver 142/165 (86%) | Hepatitis | 23/142 (16%) |
Hepatosis | 88/142 (62%) | |
Hepatic congestion | 31/142 (22%) | |
Kidney 30/165 (18%) | Nephritis | 15/30 (50%) |
Nephrosis | 15/30 (50%) | |
Uterus 11/42 (26,2%) | Endometritis | 7/42 (16,6%) |
Edema | 3/42 (7,1%) | |
Congestion | 10/11 (90,9%) | |
Neoplasia | 1/11 (9,1%) | |
Prostate 5/123 (4,1%) | Hyperplasia | 5/5 (100%) |
Heart165/165 (100%) | Degenerative processes | 165/165 (100) |
Right heart collapse | 69/165 (41,8%) | |
Alimentary tract 90/165 (54,5%) | Catarrhal gastritis | 90/90 (100%) |
Catarrhal enteritis | 90/90 (100%) | |
Mammary Gland 5/42 (11,9%) | Hypertrophy | 5/5 (100%) |
Mastitis | 5/5 (100%) | |
Spleen 54/165 (33%) | Congestion | 54/54 (100%) |
Thoracoabdominal Cavity 93/165 (56%) | Haemoperitoneum | 31/93 (33,3%) |
Haemothorax | 62/93 (66,6%) | |
Both | 15/93 (16,1%) |
Lesion | Cases | Macroscopically | Histologically |
---|---|---|---|
Atelectasis | 5/142 | Dark red color areas and increase consistency | Alveolar lumen disappeared due to collapse of the walls. The alveolar septa and bronchiolar lumens filled with blood, with light interstitial edema; |
Emphysema | 11/142 | Increased volume, pale pink color and increased crackling | dilated alveolar walls with loss of continuity of the wall of the alveoli due to breakage of the walls; |
Edema | 26/142 interstitial septums | Increased volume, rounded margins, shiny and soaked appearance | pink colored fluid in the alveoli with epithelium and pneumocytes II type increased in number, edematous |
Fibrinous pneumonia | 73/142 | Marbled appearance areas, rounded margins and increase consistency of apical lobes red hepatization) | alveolar lumens with desquamated epithelium filled with fibrin and erythrocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes. Ectasia of blood and lymphatic vessels; |
Congestion | 95/142 | Bright red color, leakage of uncoagulated blood from the cutting surface | parenchyma with dilated capillary network for accumulation of RBC and rare phenomena of erythrophagocytosis |
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Passantino, G.; Tursi, M.; Vercelli, C.; Filippi, I.; Decaro, N.; Tinelli, A.; Valente, L.; Leone, R.; Zizzo, N. Systematic Pathologic Findings Report of Callosciurus finlaysonii (Horsfield, 1823) (Rodentia, Sciuridae) Squirrels from Maratea Area (South Italy) to Investigate Species-Specific Pathologies, Reliability of CO2 Euthanasia Method, and Possible Use as Environmental Sentinels. Animals 2020, 10, 1771. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10101771
Passantino G, Tursi M, Vercelli C, Filippi I, Decaro N, Tinelli A, Valente L, Leone R, Zizzo N. Systematic Pathologic Findings Report of Callosciurus finlaysonii (Horsfield, 1823) (Rodentia, Sciuridae) Squirrels from Maratea Area (South Italy) to Investigate Species-Specific Pathologies, Reliability of CO2 Euthanasia Method, and Possible Use as Environmental Sentinels. Animals. 2020; 10(10):1771. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10101771
Chicago/Turabian StylePassantino, Giuseppe, Massimiliano Tursi, Cristina Vercelli, Ilaria Filippi, Nicola Decaro, Antonella Tinelli, Luciana Valente, Rosa Leone, and Nicola Zizzo. 2020. "Systematic Pathologic Findings Report of Callosciurus finlaysonii (Horsfield, 1823) (Rodentia, Sciuridae) Squirrels from Maratea Area (South Italy) to Investigate Species-Specific Pathologies, Reliability of CO2 Euthanasia Method, and Possible Use as Environmental Sentinels" Animals 10, no. 10: 1771. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10101771