Araştırma Makalesi
Evaluation of Soil Pollution With Enrichment, Transfer and Accumulation Factors; The case of Zonguldak/Çaycuma
Öz
Kaynakça
- 1- Akyıldız M, Karataş B. Adana Şehir Merkezindeki Topraklarda Ağır Metal Kirliliğinin Araştırılması. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi,2018; 33(2):199-214.
- 2- Allen J.R.L., Rae J.E. 1987. Late Flandrian shore line oscillations in the Severn Estuary: a geomorphological and stratigraphical reconnaissance. Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society Biological Sciences; 315:185–230.
- 3- Balls P.W., Hull S., Miller B.S., Pirie J.M., Proctor W. 1997. Trace metal in Scottish estuarine and coastal sediments. Marine Pollution Bulletin,34:42–50.
- 4- Barbieri M., Nigro A., Sappa G. 2015. Soil contamination evaluation by Enrichment Factor (EF) and Geo accumulation Index (Igeo) Senses Sci2 2015;(3):94-97 doi: 10.14616/sands-2015-3-9497.
- 5- Barbieri M., Sappa G., Vitale S., Parisse B., Battistel M. 2014. Soil control of trace metals concetrations in land fill: A cases tudy of the largest land fill in Europe, Malagrotta, Rome. Journal of geochemical exploration, 143:146-154.
- 6- Basta N. T.,Ryan J. A., Chaney R. L. 2005. Trace element chemistry in residual-treatedsoil: keyconceptsand metal bioavailability,” Journal of Environmental Quality,2005; 34:49–63.
- 7- Bianchini F.,Pascali G., Campo A., Orecchio S., Bonsignore R., Blandino P., Pietrini P. 2015. Elemental contamination of an open-pitminingarea in the Peruvian Andes. Int J EnvironSci Technol; 12(3):1065–1074.
- 8- Dimitrijevic M.D, Nujkic M.M, Alagic S.C, Milic S.M.,Tos S.B. 2016. Heavy metal contamination of topsoilandparts of peach-tree growing at different distances from a smelting complex. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.13:615–630 DOI 10.1007/s13762-015-0905-z.
- 9-Emmerson R.H.C.,O'Reilly-Wiese S.B., Macleod C.L.,Lester J.N. 1997. A multivariate assessment of metal distribution in intertidal sediments of the Black Water Estuary, UK. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 34: 960–968.
- 10- GIPME (Global Investigation of Pollution in the Marine Environment). 1999.Guidance on Assessment of Sediment Quality; IOCeUNEPeIMO, 23 pp.
- 11-He, Z.L.,Yang, X.E., Stoffella, P.J. 2005. “Trace elements in agro ecosystems and impact on the environment”, Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 19, 125-140.
- 12- Kabata-Pendias, A. 2004. Soil–plant transfer of trace elements—an environmental issue, Geoderma, 122:143-49. Kabata-Pendias, A ve Pendias, H. 2001. “Trace elements in soils and plants,” CRC Pres New York, 1: 30.
- 13-Klerks P.L.,Levinton J.S. 1989. Rapid evolution of metal resistance in a benthicoligochaete in habiting a metal polluted site. Biological Bulletin,176:135–141.
- 14- Kuo S., Heilman P. E., Baker A.S. 1983. Distribution and forms of copper, zinc, cadmium, iron, and manganese in soils near a coppers melter. Soil Science, 1983; 135:101–109.
- 15- Lee C.L., Fang M.D., Hsieh M.T. 1998. Characterization and distribution of metals in surficial sediments in Southwestern Taiwan. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 36: 464–471.
- 16- Loring D.H. 1990. Lithium-a new approach for the granulo metrical normalization of trace metal data. Marine Chemistry, 29:156–168. 17-Loring D.H.,Naes K., Dahle S., Matishow G.G., Illin G. 1995. Arsenic, tracemetals, and organic micro contaminants in sediments from the Pechora Sea, Russia. Marine Geology, 128:153–167.
- 18- Martin J.M.,Whitfield M. 1983. Thesignificance of theriverinput of chemical elements to the ocean. In: Wong, C.S.,Boyle, E., Brul, K.W., Burton, J.D., Goldberg, E.D. (Eds.), Trace Metals in Sea Water. Plenum Press, NewYork, 265–296.
- 19-Mingorance M.D., Valdés B., Olivioa S.R. Strategies of heavy metal uptake by plants growing under industrial emissions. Environment International,2007; 33: 514–520.
- 20-Mudgal V.,Madaan N., Mudgal A. 2010. Heavy metals in plants: phytoremediation: plants used to remediate heavy metal pollution. AgricBiol J N Am,1:40–46.
- 21- Müller G. 1981. Die Schwer metal belastung der sedimentedes Neckarsund seiner Nebenflusse: eine Bestandsaufnahme. Chem. Ztg.105: 157–164.
- 22-Müller G. Schwermetalle in den sedimentendes Rheinse Veranderungenseitt 1971. Umschau 1979; 778–783.
- 23-Nodberg, G.F. 1996. Currentissues in low-dose cadmium toxicology; nephro toxicity and carcino genicity, Environ. Sci. 4, 133-147.
- 24-Rudnick R.L. and Gao S. 2003. Composition of the Continental Crust. Treatise Geochem,3:1-64.
- 25-Ryan J.D.,Windom H.L. 1988. A geo chemical and statistical approach for assessing metal pollution in coastal sediments. Metals in Coastal Environments of Latin America. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 47–58.
- 26-Sinex S.A., Wright D.A. 1988. Distribution of tracemetals in the sediments and biota of Chesapake Bay. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 19: 425–431.
- 27-Sutherland R.A.,Tolosa C.A., Tack F.M.G., Verloo M.G. 2000. Characterization of selected element concentrations and enrichmentratios in back ground and anthropogenically impacted roadside areas. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 38: 428–438.
- 28-Taha K.K, Shmou M.I, Osman M.H, Shayoub M.H. 2013. Soil-Plant Transfer andAccumulation Factors for Trace Elements at the Blue and White Niles. Journal of AppliedandIndustrialSciences, 2013;1 (2): 97-102.
- 29-Tessier A., Campbell P.G., Bisson M. 1979. Sequential extraction procedure forth especiation of particulate tracemetals. Analytical Chemistry;51: 844–851.
- 30- Uyar G., Avcil E, Ören M., Karaca F., Öncel M.S. 2009. Determination of heavy metal pollution in Zonguldak (Turkey) by moss analysis (Hypnum cupressiforme) Environmental Engineering Science, 26(1):183-194.
- 31-Vural A. 2014. Trace/Heavy Metal Accumulatıon In Soıl and In The Shoots Of Acacıa Tree, Gümüshane-Turkey Bulletin of MTA,148: 85-106.
- 32-Wuana R. A., Okieimen F. E. 2011. Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils: A Review of Sources, Chemistry, Risks and Best Available Strategies for Remediation. ISRN Ecology International Scholarly Research Network. article ID 402647.
- 33-Yıldız N. 2003. Toprak Kirletici Ağır Metaller ve Toprak Bitki İlişkileri. I. Ulusal Çevre Sempozyumu. Atatürk Üniversitesi Çevre Sorunları Araştırma Merkezi Müdürlüğü Erzurum.
- 34-Yılmaz H. 2019. http://www.pusulagazetesi.com.tr/zonguldakin-kimyasal-haritasi-124595-haberler.html
- 35-Yongming H., Peixuan D., Junji C., Posmentier E.S. 2006. Multi variate analysis of heavy metal contamination in urban dusts of Xi'an, Cent, China. Science of Total Environment, 355:176–186.
Toprak Kirliliğinin Zenginleştirme, Transfer ve Birikim Faktörleri ile Değerlendirilmesi; Zonguldak/Çaycuma Örneği
Öz
Zonguldak ili özellikle taşkömürü gibi yeraltı kaynakları açısından Türkiye’ nin en zengin illerden biri olup alüminyum (boksit), demir, manganez gibi madenler içinde işletmeleri bünyesinde barındırmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; zenginleştirme (EFsoil), transfer (TFi) ve birikim(EFi) faktörleri gibi ekolojik indeksler kullanarak antropojenik etkilerini Zonguldak ilinde tarımsal faaliyetlerinin yoğun olduğu lokasyonlardaki etkilerini incelemektir. Ayrıca toprakta ağır metal birikiminin sarı kantaron bitkisi (Hypericum perforatum) üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmektir. Elde edilen sonuçlarda EF faktörüne göre toprağın Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Mo, Sn, Ba, Hg, Pb açısından zenginleşmediği; Si, Ti, Se, Cd, Hg bakımından orta derecede, Fe bakımından yüksek, Na, Mg, Ca, Mn bakımından ise oldukça yüksek derecede zenginleştiği bulunmuştur. Özellikle Ca, Na ve Mg elementlerinin oldukça fazla zenginleşmesi toprağın pH değerini yükselteceğinden üreticinin gübreleme ve sulama suyu politikasında gerekli önlemleri alması gerektiğini ortaya koymuştur. Sarı kantaron bitkisinin çiçek ve gövde kısımlarının EFi ve TFi faktörleri incelenmiş ve özellikle Cd, PbCr, Ni, Cu ve Zn elementleri için biyoakümülatör, aynı zamanda biyoindikatör bitki olduğu görülmüştür. Bulunan element konsantrasyonları ile biyoakümülatör olduğu belirlenen ve şifalı bitki olarak kullanılan sarı kantaron bitkisinin toplanırken ve ilaç olarak kullanırken dikkatli olunması gerektiği ortaya çıkmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1- Akyıldız M, Karataş B. Adana Şehir Merkezindeki Topraklarda Ağır Metal Kirliliğinin Araştırılması. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi,2018; 33(2):199-214.
- 2- Allen J.R.L., Rae J.E. 1987. Late Flandrian shore line oscillations in the Severn Estuary: a geomorphological and stratigraphical reconnaissance. Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society Biological Sciences; 315:185–230.
- 3- Balls P.W., Hull S., Miller B.S., Pirie J.M., Proctor W. 1997. Trace metal in Scottish estuarine and coastal sediments. Marine Pollution Bulletin,34:42–50.
- 4- Barbieri M., Nigro A., Sappa G. 2015. Soil contamination evaluation by Enrichment Factor (EF) and Geo accumulation Index (Igeo) Senses Sci2 2015;(3):94-97 doi: 10.14616/sands-2015-3-9497.
- 5- Barbieri M., Sappa G., Vitale S., Parisse B., Battistel M. 2014. Soil control of trace metals concetrations in land fill: A cases tudy of the largest land fill in Europe, Malagrotta, Rome. Journal of geochemical exploration, 143:146-154.
- 6- Basta N. T.,Ryan J. A., Chaney R. L. 2005. Trace element chemistry in residual-treatedsoil: keyconceptsand metal bioavailability,” Journal of Environmental Quality,2005; 34:49–63.
- 7- Bianchini F.,Pascali G., Campo A., Orecchio S., Bonsignore R., Blandino P., Pietrini P. 2015. Elemental contamination of an open-pitminingarea in the Peruvian Andes. Int J EnvironSci Technol; 12(3):1065–1074.
- 8- Dimitrijevic M.D, Nujkic M.M, Alagic S.C, Milic S.M.,Tos S.B. 2016. Heavy metal contamination of topsoilandparts of peach-tree growing at different distances from a smelting complex. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.13:615–630 DOI 10.1007/s13762-015-0905-z.
- 9-Emmerson R.H.C.,O'Reilly-Wiese S.B., Macleod C.L.,Lester J.N. 1997. A multivariate assessment of metal distribution in intertidal sediments of the Black Water Estuary, UK. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 34: 960–968.
- 10- GIPME (Global Investigation of Pollution in the Marine Environment). 1999.Guidance on Assessment of Sediment Quality; IOCeUNEPeIMO, 23 pp.
- 11-He, Z.L.,Yang, X.E., Stoffella, P.J. 2005. “Trace elements in agro ecosystems and impact on the environment”, Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 19, 125-140.
- 12- Kabata-Pendias, A. 2004. Soil–plant transfer of trace elements—an environmental issue, Geoderma, 122:143-49. Kabata-Pendias, A ve Pendias, H. 2001. “Trace elements in soils and plants,” CRC Pres New York, 1: 30.
- 13-Klerks P.L.,Levinton J.S. 1989. Rapid evolution of metal resistance in a benthicoligochaete in habiting a metal polluted site. Biological Bulletin,176:135–141.
- 14- Kuo S., Heilman P. E., Baker A.S. 1983. Distribution and forms of copper, zinc, cadmium, iron, and manganese in soils near a coppers melter. Soil Science, 1983; 135:101–109.
- 15- Lee C.L., Fang M.D., Hsieh M.T. 1998. Characterization and distribution of metals in surficial sediments in Southwestern Taiwan. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 36: 464–471.
- 16- Loring D.H. 1990. Lithium-a new approach for the granulo metrical normalization of trace metal data. Marine Chemistry, 29:156–168. 17-Loring D.H.,Naes K., Dahle S., Matishow G.G., Illin G. 1995. Arsenic, tracemetals, and organic micro contaminants in sediments from the Pechora Sea, Russia. Marine Geology, 128:153–167.
- 18- Martin J.M.,Whitfield M. 1983. Thesignificance of theriverinput of chemical elements to the ocean. In: Wong, C.S.,Boyle, E., Brul, K.W., Burton, J.D., Goldberg, E.D. (Eds.), Trace Metals in Sea Water. Plenum Press, NewYork, 265–296.
- 19-Mingorance M.D., Valdés B., Olivioa S.R. Strategies of heavy metal uptake by plants growing under industrial emissions. Environment International,2007; 33: 514–520.
- 20-Mudgal V.,Madaan N., Mudgal A. 2010. Heavy metals in plants: phytoremediation: plants used to remediate heavy metal pollution. AgricBiol J N Am,1:40–46.
- 21- Müller G. 1981. Die Schwer metal belastung der sedimentedes Neckarsund seiner Nebenflusse: eine Bestandsaufnahme. Chem. Ztg.105: 157–164.
- 22-Müller G. Schwermetalle in den sedimentendes Rheinse Veranderungenseitt 1971. Umschau 1979; 778–783.
- 23-Nodberg, G.F. 1996. Currentissues in low-dose cadmium toxicology; nephro toxicity and carcino genicity, Environ. Sci. 4, 133-147.
- 24-Rudnick R.L. and Gao S. 2003. Composition of the Continental Crust. Treatise Geochem,3:1-64.
- 25-Ryan J.D.,Windom H.L. 1988. A geo chemical and statistical approach for assessing metal pollution in coastal sediments. Metals in Coastal Environments of Latin America. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 47–58.
- 26-Sinex S.A., Wright D.A. 1988. Distribution of tracemetals in the sediments and biota of Chesapake Bay. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 19: 425–431.
- 27-Sutherland R.A.,Tolosa C.A., Tack F.M.G., Verloo M.G. 2000. Characterization of selected element concentrations and enrichmentratios in back ground and anthropogenically impacted roadside areas. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 38: 428–438.
- 28-Taha K.K, Shmou M.I, Osman M.H, Shayoub M.H. 2013. Soil-Plant Transfer andAccumulation Factors for Trace Elements at the Blue and White Niles. Journal of AppliedandIndustrialSciences, 2013;1 (2): 97-102.
- 29-Tessier A., Campbell P.G., Bisson M. 1979. Sequential extraction procedure forth especiation of particulate tracemetals. Analytical Chemistry;51: 844–851.
- 30- Uyar G., Avcil E, Ören M., Karaca F., Öncel M.S. 2009. Determination of heavy metal pollution in Zonguldak (Turkey) by moss analysis (Hypnum cupressiforme) Environmental Engineering Science, 26(1):183-194.
- 31-Vural A. 2014. Trace/Heavy Metal Accumulatıon In Soıl and In The Shoots Of Acacıa Tree, Gümüshane-Turkey Bulletin of MTA,148: 85-106.
- 32-Wuana R. A., Okieimen F. E. 2011. Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils: A Review of Sources, Chemistry, Risks and Best Available Strategies for Remediation. ISRN Ecology International Scholarly Research Network. article ID 402647.
- 33-Yıldız N. 2003. Toprak Kirletici Ağır Metaller ve Toprak Bitki İlişkileri. I. Ulusal Çevre Sempozyumu. Atatürk Üniversitesi Çevre Sorunları Araştırma Merkezi Müdürlüğü Erzurum.
- 34-Yılmaz H. 2019. http://www.pusulagazetesi.com.tr/zonguldakin-kimyasal-haritasi-124595-haberler.html
- 35-Yongming H., Peixuan D., Junji C., Posmentier E.S. 2006. Multi variate analysis of heavy metal contamination in urban dusts of Xi'an, Cent, China. Science of Total Environment, 355:176–186.
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Ziraat, Veterinerlik ve Gıda Bilimleri, Bahçe Bitkileri Yetiştirme ve Islahı |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Nisan 2021 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 21 Nisan 2020 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 8 Temmuz 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021 Sayı: 371 |
- Makale Dosyaları
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