Scorzonera (sect. Nervosae) karabelensis, a subscapigerous, calcicolous perennial from the Karabel Geçidi in the Western Taurus range, SW Anatolia, Turkey, allied to S. pisidica and S. ulrichii, is described as a species new to science and illustrated. Its habitat conditions, conservation status and phytogeographic significance are considered. A key to all facultatively or consistently subscapigerous, entire-leaved Scorzonera species growing in the mountains of Turkey is provided. Critical comparison revealed that the recently described S. gokcheoglui and S. aytatchii are conspecific with S. ulrichii and S. rigida, respectively, and that the populations of S. pygmaea from the Çankırı and Zonguldak vilayets cannot be separated as a distinct subsp. nutans. Additional data on the conservation status of S. ulrichii are given.