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To the question of intensification of free radical oxidation of biosubstrates under action of nanosized materials

To the question of intensification of free radical oxidation of biosubstrates under action of nanosized materials

ISSN 2223-6775 Ukrainian journal of occupational health Vol.18, No 3, 2022


https://doi.org/10.33573/ujoh2022.03.224

To the question of intensification of free radical oxidation of biosubstrates under action of nanosized materials

Ischeikin K.E., Leonenko O.B., Patyka T.I.
State Institution «Kundiiev Institute of Occupational Health of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», Kyiv


 Full article (PDF): ENG / UKR

Introduction. Transformations in the structure and physicochemical properties of modern nanosized materials, in comparison with analogues in macroforms, lead to changes in their biological activity, including free radical oxidation of biosubstrates as one of the most important mechanisms for the toxicity of these products. Oxidative stress induced by engineered nanoparticles is determined by their size, surface area, composition and is manifested by peroxide damage to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Nanoparticles induce oxidative stress and further pathophysiological effects including inflammation, fibrosis, genotoxicity.

Purpose of research. Substantiation of the significance of changes in the intensity of free radical oxidation of biosubstrates in the mechanism of the damaging effect of nanosized materials as the main indicators of their toxicity.

Results. The damaging effect of nanoparticles on the human body can be carried out by several mechanisms. The main and most important of them are the intensification of free radical oxidation of biosubstrates with the destruction of macromolecules (proteins, phospholipids, nucleic acids), disruption of cellular processes due to the surface power of nanoparticles (photochemical, electric field, charge density and electronic conductivity). The presence of other mechanisms of nanomaterials toxicity, caused, in particular, by their action on cell membranes and organelles, increased transport of potentially toxic components through the body's barriers, as well as possible genotoxicity and allergenic effects, cannot be ruled out. The manifestation of the damaging effects of nanoparticles depends on the size, chemical nature, physical state, and, to a large extent, on stabilization.

Conclusions. The intensification of free radical oxidation of biosubstrates is one of the main indicators of the damaging effect of nanoscale products. It has been established that nanoparticles enhance the formation of reactive oxygen species, disrupt membrane structures, enter cells and interact with cellular components as a result of their high penetrating ability and the induction of oxygen free radicals. Free radical oxidation of biosubstrates, as the main mechanism of the damaging effect of nanoparticles, is determined by their size, surface area, and composition. The properties and toxicity of nanomaterials can be modified in the course of laboratory and technological manipulations due to changes in their structure, size, and sorption of other molecules by them.

Keywords: nanomaterials, nanoparticles, interaction mechanism, oxidation, danger.

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