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Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin Tayvan Politikası ve Bu Politikanın Dünya Siyasetinde Önemi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 1306 - 1319, 26.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1098959

Öz

Yüzyılın başından beri Çin’in yükselişi küresel tartışmalara yol açmıştır. Bugün, Çin’in uluslararası jeopolitik üzerindeki etkisi yadsınamaz bir gerçektir. Bu bağlamda ekonomik anlamdaki büyümesi ile siyasi zayıflığı arasındaki paradoks, Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti (ÇHC)’nin politikalarını önümüzdeki dönemde daha agresif hale getirebilir. Özellikle son 10 yılda sessiz bir şekilde ekonomik büyümesi ile dikkat çeken Çin, küresel rekabette daha hissedilir hale gelmektedir. Esasen, Çin’in ekonomik ve teknolojik anlamda yükselişi, askeri modernizasyonunu da hızlandırmasını sağladı. Bu gelişmeler 9,6 milyon kilometrekarelik yüzölçümü ile Kanada ve Rusya’dan sonra dünyanın üçüncü büyük ülkesi olan Çin’in, Asya’da tehdit olarak görülmeye başlamasına yol açmıştır. Nihayetinde 6 Ekim 2021 tarihinde Tayvan Savunma Bakanı Chiu Kuo cheng, Çin ile Tayvan ilişkilerinin son kırk yılın en gergin ve en kötü döneminde bulunduğunu ifade etti. Bakan Chiu Kuo cheng, ayrıca Çin’in 10 yıl içerisinde Tayvan’ı tamamen işgal etme kabiliyetine sahip olacağını söyledi. Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti, Tayvan Savunma Bakanının BBC’de yapmış olduğu bu açıklamalar karşısında adanın (Tayvan) anakarayla birleştirilmesi için güç kullanma ihtimalini yalanlamadı. Bu açıklamalar ışığında Çin anakarasının yükselişi karşısında bölgesinde ve dünyada etkisini kaybetmeye başlayan Tayvan’ın, önümüzdeki süreçte Çin açısından bölgesel bir “stratejik rekabet” meselesi olacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu durumdan en fazla zarar görebilecek diğer güç ise ABD olacaktır. Bu makalede, Çin’in Tayvan politikası ve bu politikanın yol açabileceği gelecek senaryoları ele alınmıştır.

Kaynakça

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Taiwan Policy of the People’s Republic of China and Its Importance in World Politics

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 1306 - 1319, 26.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1098959

Öz

Since the turn of the century, the rise of China has sparked global controversy. Today, the looming influence of China in international geopolitics is an undeniable fact. In this context, it is thought that the paradox between China’s growing purchasing power and its political weakness may make Chinese policies even more aggressive in the coming period. China, which has attracted attention with its silent economic growth in the last 10 years, is becoming more noticeable in global competition. In fact, China’s economic and technological rise has enabled it to accelerate its military modernization. These developments caused China, which is the third largest country in the world after Canada and Russia, with an area of 9.6 million square kilometers, to be seen as a threat in Asia. Finally, on October 6, 2021, Taiwan’s Defense Minister Chiu Kuo-cheng stated that China-Taiwan relations are at their most tense and worst period in the last 40 years. Minister Chiu Kuo-cheng also said that China will have the ability to fully occupy Taiwan by 2025. China did not rule out the possibility of using force to unite the island (Taiwan) with the mainland in the face of these statements made by the Taiwanese Minister of Defense on the BBC. In the light of these explanations, it is thought that Taiwan, which has begun to lose its influence in the region and in the world, in the face of the rise of the mainland of China, will be a matter of regional “strategic competition” for China in the coming period. In this article, China’s Taiwan policy and the future scenarios that this policy may lead are discussed.

Kaynakça

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  • Çolak, F. (2009). Değişen Jeopolitiği Bağlamında Çin’in Güvenlik Politikaları, (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
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  • Dedekoca, A. E. (2011). ABD-Çin İlişkileri Eski Dünyaya Yeni Düzen, Ankara, Barış Kitap.
  • Demirkol, T. (2011). Çin’in Yükselişini Yeniden Düşünmek, 29 Eylül 2011, http://www.bilgesam.org/incele/844/cin#.U2uEkoF_uxA, (Erişim Tarihi: 05.03.2022).
  • Alex N. (2018). Briefing on The Indo-Pacific Strategy, 02 Nisan 2018, https://www.state.gov/briefing-on-the-indo-pacific-strategy/, (Erişim Tarihi: 12.03.2022).
  • Deutsche Welle (2010). Çin ile ABD Arasında Tayvan Gerilimi, http://www.dw.com/tr/çin-ile-abd-arasında-tayvan-gerilimi/a-5197603, (Erişim Tarihi: 13.02.2022).
  • Dış Ekonomik İlişkiler Kurulu, Tayvan Ülke Bülteni, (2014). chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/viewer.html?pdfurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deik.org.tr%2Fuploads%2Ftayvan-ulke-bulteni-2014.pdf&clen=981491&chunk=true, (Erişim Tarihi: 13.03.2022).
  • Dittmer, L. (2014). Taiwan, China, and the U.S. Pivot, EAI Working Paper No. 164.
  • Dixon, L. T. (2006). More Dreams in Longer Night: United States China Policy, U.S. Army War College Strategy Research Project, ss. 1-12.
  • Dumbaugh, K. (2009). Taiwan’s Political Status: Historical Background And Its Implications For US Policy, Congressional Research Service, CRS Report for Congress. Ermağan, Ü. (2014). Çin’in Orta Doğu Politikaları, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Sayı:37 Yıl: 2014/2, ss. 19-39.
  • Fifield, A. (2020). Taiwan’s President Wins Second Term with Landslide Victory Over Pro-Beijing Rival, Washington Post, 15 Ocak 2020, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/taiwanese-motivated-by-the-lessons-of-hong-kong-turn-out-in-droves-to-vote/2020/01/11/6543228a-3138-11ea-971b-43bec3ff9860_story.html (Erişim Tarihi: 12.03.2022).
  • Focus Taiwan. (2016). Cabinet Launches Plan to Promote New Southbound Policy, 09 Mayıs 2016, https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/201609050009, (Erişim Tarihi: 08.02.2022). France 24. (2021). China Sends 25 Jets into Taiwan’s Defence Zone on National Day, https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20211001-china-sends-25-jets-into-taiwan-s-defence-zone-on-national-day, (Erişim Tarihi: 12.03.2022).
  • Friedman, E. (2007). China’s Changing Taiwan Policy, American Journal of Chinese Studies, Vol. 14, No. 2 (October 2007), American Association of Chinese Studies, ss. 119-134. Grossman, D. (2019). One Country, Two Systems, Lots of Problems, Financial Times, 21 Haziran 2019, https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/06/21/one-country-two-systems-lots-of-problems/ (Erişim Tarihi: 03.03.2022).
  • Güneş, E. (2007). Yeni Yüzyıldaki Çin - Amerika Rekabeti, Toplum ve Demokrasi Dergisi, Sayı 7, Eylül-Aralık 2007.
  • Huai, J. ve Chiang, C. (2020). Election Aside, Taiwan’s Generation Gap Will Shape Relations with China, The Diplomat, 09 Ocak 2020, https://thediplomat.com/2020/01/election-aside-taiwans-generation-gap-will-shape-relations-with-china/, (Erişim Tarihi: 23.03.2022).
  • Huang, A. C. (1999). Taiwan’s Defense Modernization for the 21st Century: Challenges and Opportunities, Conference on War and Peace in the Taiwan Strait, https://www.jstor.org/stable/48601774, (Erişim Tarihi: 24.02.2022).
  • Kasım, K.. (2011). Tayvan İzlenimleri, http://www.usak.org.tr/tr/usak-analizleri/asyapasifik/tayvan-izlenimleri, (Erişim Tarihi: 07.03.2022).
  • Kasım, K., (2014). Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti Tayvan Görüşmeleri, http://www.usak.org.tr/kose_yazilari_det.php?id=2231&cat=323#.VUX6Ro7tmko, (Erişim Tarihi: 03.03.2022).
  • Kuo, L. (2020). Taiwan Election: Tsai Ing-wen Wins Landslide in Rebuke to China, Guardian, 11 Ocak 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/11/taiwan-re-elects-tsai-ing-wen-as-president-in-clear-message-to-china, (Erişim Tarihi: 03.03.2022).
  • Lawrence, R. S. (2018). Historical Dictionary of Chinese Foreign Affairs, Lanham, Maryland, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
  • Lee, Y. (2019). Taiwan Leader Rejects China’s ‘One Country, Two Systems’ Offer, Reuters, 10 Ekim 2019, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-taiwan-anniversary-president/taiwan-leader-rejects-chinas-one-country-two-systems-offer-idUSKBN1WP0A4, (Erişim Tarihi: 07.03.2022).
  • Leverett, F. ve Bader, J. (2005). Managing China-US Energy Competition in the Middle East, The Washington Quarterly, 2005:9(1), ss. 187-201.
  • Matsumoto, H. I. (2010). The Taiwan Strait Crisis of 1954-55 and U.S.-R.O.C. Relations, IDE Discussion Paper.
  • Mendoza, M. ve Wang, Y. (2018). The U.S. is Reviewing Reports of Imports Linked to a Forced Labor Camp in China, http://time.com/5483751/u-s-reviews-reports-forced-labor-xinjiang-china/, (Erişim Tarihi: 28.02.2022).
  • Minnick, W. (2022). The Next China Threat: an Invasion of Taiwan?, The National Interest. https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/next-china-threat-invasion-taiwan-40317, (Erişim Tarihi, 28 Mart 2022).
  • New China. (2020). Highlights of Xi’s speech at gathering marking 40th anniversary of Message to Compatriots in Taiwan, 02 Ocak 2020, http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-01/02/c_137715300.htm, (Erişim Tarihi: 03.03.2022).
  • Nicholas, P. (2017). Trump Open to Shift on Russia Sanctions, ‘One China’ Policy, The Wall Street Journal, https://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trump-sets-a-bar-for-russia-and-china-1484360380, (Erişim Tarihi: 20.03.2022).
  • Scheppele, K. L. (2018). Autocratic Legalism, The University of Chicago Law Review, C. 85, ss. 545-583.
  • Sullivan, J. (2022). US Deeply Concerned over Taiwan-China Tension, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-58837432, (Erişim Tarihi: 28.02.2022).
  • Sutter, R. (2006). The Taiwan Problem in the Second George W. Bush Administration-US Officals’ Views and Their Implications for US Policy, Journal of Contemporary China, C. 15, S. 48, ss. 417-441.
  • Office of the President Republic of China (Taiwan). (2022). President Tsai Issues Statement on China’s President Xi’s Message to Compatriots in Taiwan, https://english.president.gov.tw/News/5621, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.03.2022).
  • Office of Trade Negotiations, Executive Yuan Bureau of Foreign Trade, Ministry of Economic Affairs. (2020). Progress & Prospect Taiwan’s New Southbound Policy, https://www.ey.gov.tw/File/E5A547DF934AA2E1, (Erişim Tarihi: 13.03.2022).
  • Oğan, S. (2009). Doğu Türkistan’da Yaşanan Olayların Sebepleri ve Sonuçları, http://www.turksam.org/tr/makale-detay/187-dogu-turkistan-da-yasanan-olaylarin-sebebi-ve-sonuclari, (Erişim Tarihi: 03.03.2022).
  • Özay, M. (2016). ABD-Tayvan İlişkilerinde Statüko Değişiyor mu?, http://aa.com.tr/tr/analiz-haber/abd-tayvan-iliskilerinde-statuko-degisiyor-mu/702649, (Erişim Tarihi: 03.03.2022).
  • Quackenbush, C. (2018). Lawmakers Want to Hold China Accountable Over Abuses in Xinjiang. Here’s What to Know, http://time.com/5422866/china-us-uighur-detention-accountability/, (Erişim Tarihi: 20.02.2022).
  • Rigger, S. (2011). Democratic Transition and Consolidation in Taiwan, Enduring Democracy Conference, American Enterprise Institute, Washington DC.
  • Strong, M. (2019). Chinese Aircraft Carrier Sails through Taiwan Strait Ahead of Elections, Taiwan News, 26 Aralık 2019, https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3844979, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.03.2022).
  • Taiwan Central Election Commission. (2020). Presidential and Vice Presidential Election, (Central Election Commission, 22 Ocak 2020, https://web.cec.gov.tw/english/cms/pe/32471, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.03.2022).
  • Tulun, T. E. (2020). Taiwan Election 2020: More Ambitious Taiwanese Identity and Developing Constructive Approaches, https://avim.org.tr/en/Analiz/TAIWAN-ELECTION-2020-MORE-AMBITIOUS-TAIWANESE-IDENTITY-AND-DEVELOPING-CONSTRUCTIVE-APPROACHES, (Erişim Tarihi: 20.02.2022).
  • USA Office of the Secretary of Defence, Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China. (2021). A Report to Congress Pursuant to the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000, https://media.defense.gov/2021/Nov/03/2002885874/-1/-1/0/2021-CMPR-FINAL.PDF, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.03.2022).
  • Yılmaz, S. (2008). Yükselen Çin’in Güvenlik Politikası ve Stratejileri, Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, Journal of Strategic Studies, S. 1, ss. 77-98.
  • World Economic Outlook International Monetary Fund Report. (2021). Managing Divergent Recoveries, ttps://www.imf.org/-/media/Files/Publications/WEO/2021/April/English/text.ashx, (Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2022).
  • Wolfe, A. (2004). Freeing Uighur Detainees from US Custody Maybe Impossible, http://www.asiantribune.com/news/2004/11/04/freeing-uighur-detainees-us-custody-may-be-impossible, (Erişim Tarihi: 01.03.2022).
  • Wu, H. (2021). China’s Xi Calls for ‘Peaceful’ Reunification with Taiwan, USA Today, 2021, https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2021/10/09/chinas-xi-jinping-calls-peaceful-reunification-taiwan/6072388001/, (Erişim Tarihi: 21.03.2022).
  • Wu, J. (1997). Strange Bedfellows: Dynamics of Government-Business Relations between Chinese Local Authorities and Taiwanese Investors, Journal of Contemporary China, S. 6(15), ss. 319-346.
  • Xinhua, H. (2022). Chinese Military Spokesperson Vows Zero Tolerance for ‘Taiwan independence’ Separatist Acts, https://english.news.cn/20220310/d1a00f88f4ce4a6eaabb1bc96414a899/c.html (Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2022).
Toplam 63 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Süleyman Özmen 0000-0003-4102-5733

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Temmuz 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Nisan 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Özmen, S. (2022). Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin Tayvan Politikası ve Bu Politikanın Dünya Siyasetinde Önemi. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11(3), 1306-1319. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1098959
AMA Özmen S. Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin Tayvan Politikası ve Bu Politikanın Dünya Siyasetinde Önemi. MJSS. Temmuz 2022;11(3):1306-1319. doi:10.33206/mjss.1098959
Chicago Özmen, Süleyman. “Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin Tayvan Politikası Ve Bu Politikanın Dünya Siyasetinde Önemi”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 11, sy. 3 (Temmuz 2022): 1306-19. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1098959.
EndNote Özmen S (01 Temmuz 2022) Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin Tayvan Politikası ve Bu Politikanın Dünya Siyasetinde Önemi. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 11 3 1306–1319.
IEEE S. Özmen, “Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin Tayvan Politikası ve Bu Politikanın Dünya Siyasetinde Önemi”, MJSS, c. 11, sy. 3, ss. 1306–1319, 2022, doi: 10.33206/mjss.1098959.
ISNAD Özmen, Süleyman. “Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin Tayvan Politikası Ve Bu Politikanın Dünya Siyasetinde Önemi”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 11/3 (Temmuz 2022), 1306-1319. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1098959.
JAMA Özmen S. Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin Tayvan Politikası ve Bu Politikanın Dünya Siyasetinde Önemi. MJSS. 2022;11:1306–1319.
MLA Özmen, Süleyman. “Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin Tayvan Politikası Ve Bu Politikanın Dünya Siyasetinde Önemi”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, c. 11, sy. 3, 2022, ss. 1306-19, doi:10.33206/mjss.1098959.
Vancouver Özmen S. Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin Tayvan Politikası ve Bu Politikanın Dünya Siyasetinde Önemi. MJSS. 2022;11(3):1306-19.

MANAS Journal of Social Studies (MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi)     


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