Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

EFFECT OF WASTE TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS) WOOD FIBERS AND MAPE ON SOME PROPERTIES OF HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) BASED POLYMER COMPOSITES

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 606 - 619, 31.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.991612

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the utilization of waste tea wood fibers (WTWF) and effect of maleic anhydride treated polyethylene (MAPE) in thermoplastic composites. For this purpose, HDPE as matrix, WTWF as lignocellulosic filler and MAPE as coupling agent were used. Six different composites were produced by injection molding method; 0-15-30% WTWF filler ratio, with MAPE and without MAPE. The physical, mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of composite materials were determined. As a result, tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the composites were increased with the rise of the WTWF amount in the thermoplastic matrix. However, WTWF increase in the thermoplastic matrix reduced the elongation at break and impact strength of the produced composites. Addition of MAPE in thermoplastic matrix improved tensile strength, flexural strength and flexural modulus of manufactured composites. In the case of thermal properties, addition of WTWF into the thermoplastic matrix increased the char rate of the composites. However, the initial degradation did not change. It appears that waste tea wood fibers may have a potential usage as filler in the HDPE-based thermoplastic composites.

References

  • Chaharmahali, M., Mirbagheri, J., Tajvidi, M., Najafi, SK. & Mirbagheri, Y. (2010). Mechanical and physical properties of wood-plastic composite panels. J Reinf Plast Comp. 29: 310–319.
  • Chan JH & Balke ST. (1997). The thermal degradation kinetics of polypropylene: Part III. Thermogravimetric analyses. Polym Degrad Stabil 57: 135–149.
  • Coutinho, F.M.B., Costa, T.H.S. & Carvalho, C.D.L., (1998). Effect of treatment and mixing conditions on mechanical properties. Polypropylene-wood fiber composites: J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 65, 1227- 1235.
  • Demir, H., Atikler, U., Balkose, D. & Tihminlioglu, F. (2006). The effect of fiber surface treatments on the tensile and water sorption properties of polypropylene–luffa fiber composites. Compos Part A. 37: 447–456.
  • Kaboorani A.(2010). Effect of formulation design on thermal properties of wood/thermoplastic composites. J Compos Mater 44: 2205–2215.
  • Klyosov, AA. (2007). Wood-plastic composites, 1st ed. Wiley Interscience: Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
  • La Mantia FP, Morreale M & Izhak ZA. (2005). Processing and mechanical properties of organic fillerpolypropylene composites. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1906–1913.
  • Lai, S. (2003). Comparative study of maleated polyolefins as compatibilizers for polyethylene/wood flour composites. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 87, 487-496; DOI 10.1002/app.11419.
  • Li, Q. & Matuana, L.M. (2003). Effectiveness of maleated and acryclic acid-functionalized polyolefin coupling agents for HDPE-wood-flour composites. J. Thermoplast. Compos. 16, 551-564; DOI 10.1177/089270503033340.
  • Liu, H., Wu, Q. & Zhang, Q. (2009). Preparation and properties of banana fiber-reinforced composites based on high density polyethylene (HDPE)/Nylon-6 blends. Bioresource Technol. 100: 6088–6097.
  • Mengeloglu, F. & Karakus, K. (2008). Polymer-composites from recycled high density polyethylene and waste lignocellulosic materials. Fresen Environ Bull. 17: 211–217.
  • Mengeloglu. F. & Kabakci, A. (2008). Determination of thermal properties and morphology of eucalyptus wood residue filled high density polyethylene composites. Int J Mol Sci. 9: 107–119.
  • Mengeloglu, F., Matuana, LM. & King, J. (2000). Effect of impact modifiers on properties of rigid PVC/ wood-fiber composites. J Vinyl Addit Techn. 6: 153–157.
  • Nunez AJ, Sturn PC, Kenny JM, Aranguren MI, Marcovich NE & Reboredo MM. (2002). Mechanical characterization of polypropylene-wood flour composites. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1420–1428.
  • Panthapulakkal, S. & Sain, M. (2007). Agro-residue reinforced HDPE composites: Fibre characterization and analysis of composites properties. Compos Part A. 38: 1445–1454.
  • Sain M & Panthapulakkal S. (2006). Bioprocess preparation of wheat straw fiber and characterization. Ind Crop Prod 23: 1–8.
  • Sombatsompop, N., Yotinwattanakumtorn, C. & Thongpin, C. (2005). Influence of type and concentration of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene and impact modifiers on mechanical properties of PP/Wood sawdust composites. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 97, 475-484; DOI 10.1002/app.21765.
  • Stark N & Berger MJ. (1997). Effect of species and particle size on properties of wood-flour-filled polypropylene composites, In: Sypmosium of Functional Fillers for Thermoplastics and Thermosets, San Diego, California. pp.1–20.
  • Stark, M. & Rowlands, RE. (2003). Effects of wood fiber characteristics on mechanical properties of wood/polypropylene composites. Wood Fiber Sci. 35: 167–174.
  • Tea sector report (2019). General Directorate of Tea Enterprises. Taken from address https://www.caykur.gov.tr/Pages/Yayinlar/YayinDetay.aspx?ItemType=5&ItemId=721 on 2 September 2021
  • Yang, H.S., Wolcott, M.P., Kim, H.S., Kim, S. & Kim, H.J. (2007). Effect of different compatibilizing agents on the mechanical properties of lignocellulosic material filled polyethylene bio-composites. Compos. Struct. 79, 369-375; DOI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2006.02.016.
  • Yao, F., Wu, Q., Liu, H., Lei, Y. & Zhou, D. (2011). Rice straw fiber reinforced high density polyethylene composite: Effect of coupled compatibilizating and toughening treatment. J Appl Polym Sci. 119: 2214–2222.
  • Wang, Y., Yeh, F.C., Lai, S.M., Chan, H.C. & Shen, H.F. (2003). Effectiveness of functionalized polyolefins as compatibilizers for polyethylene/wood flour composites. Polym. Eng. Sci. 43(4), 933-945; DOI 10.1002/pen.10077.

YÜKSEK YOĞUNLUKLU POLİETİLEN BAZLI POLİMER KOMPOZİTLERİN BAZI ÖZELLİKLERİ ÜZERİNE ATIK ÇAY ODUNU LİFLERİ VE MAPE’NİN ETKİSİ

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 606 - 619, 31.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.991612

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı termoplastik kompozitlerde atık çay odunu liflerinin kullanımı ve maleik anhidritle muamele edilmiş polietilenin etkisini araştırmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, matris olarak yüksek yoğunluklu polietilen (HDPE), lignoselülozik dolgu maddesi olarak atık çay odunu lifleri (WTWF) ve uyumlaştırıcı olarak da maleik anhidritle muamele edilmiş polietilen (MAPE) kullanılmıştır. Enjeksiyon kalıplama yöntemiyle %0-15-30 oranlarında WTWF dolgu maddesi ile MAPE’li ve MAPE’siz olmak üzere altı faklı kompozit üretilmiştir. Kompozit malzemelerin fiziksel, mekanik, termal ve morfolojik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, termoplastik matriste WTWF oranını artması ile kompozitlerin çekme direnci, çekmede elastikiyet modülü, eğime direnci ve eğilmede elastikiyet modülü değerleri yükselmiştir. Fakat termoplastik matriste WTWF’in artması kompozitlerin kopmada uzama ve darbe direnci değerlerini azaltmıştır. Termoplastik matrise MAPE’nin eklenmesi ile kompozitlerin çekme direnci, eğilme direnci ve eğilmede elastikiyet modülü değerleri yükselmiştir. Termal özelliklere bakıldığında termoplastik matrise WTWF eklenmesi ile kompozitlerin kömür oranı artmıştır. Fakat başlangıç bozunma derecesi değişmemiştir. Atık çay odunu liflerinin HDPE bazlı termoplastik kompozitlerde dolgu maddesi olarak potansiyel bir kullanıma sahip olabileceği görülmektedir.

References

  • Chaharmahali, M., Mirbagheri, J., Tajvidi, M., Najafi, SK. & Mirbagheri, Y. (2010). Mechanical and physical properties of wood-plastic composite panels. J Reinf Plast Comp. 29: 310–319.
  • Chan JH & Balke ST. (1997). The thermal degradation kinetics of polypropylene: Part III. Thermogravimetric analyses. Polym Degrad Stabil 57: 135–149.
  • Coutinho, F.M.B., Costa, T.H.S. & Carvalho, C.D.L., (1998). Effect of treatment and mixing conditions on mechanical properties. Polypropylene-wood fiber composites: J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 65, 1227- 1235.
  • Demir, H., Atikler, U., Balkose, D. & Tihminlioglu, F. (2006). The effect of fiber surface treatments on the tensile and water sorption properties of polypropylene–luffa fiber composites. Compos Part A. 37: 447–456.
  • Kaboorani A.(2010). Effect of formulation design on thermal properties of wood/thermoplastic composites. J Compos Mater 44: 2205–2215.
  • Klyosov, AA. (2007). Wood-plastic composites, 1st ed. Wiley Interscience: Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
  • La Mantia FP, Morreale M & Izhak ZA. (2005). Processing and mechanical properties of organic fillerpolypropylene composites. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1906–1913.
  • Lai, S. (2003). Comparative study of maleated polyolefins as compatibilizers for polyethylene/wood flour composites. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 87, 487-496; DOI 10.1002/app.11419.
  • Li, Q. & Matuana, L.M. (2003). Effectiveness of maleated and acryclic acid-functionalized polyolefin coupling agents for HDPE-wood-flour composites. J. Thermoplast. Compos. 16, 551-564; DOI 10.1177/089270503033340.
  • Liu, H., Wu, Q. & Zhang, Q. (2009). Preparation and properties of banana fiber-reinforced composites based on high density polyethylene (HDPE)/Nylon-6 blends. Bioresource Technol. 100: 6088–6097.
  • Mengeloglu, F. & Karakus, K. (2008). Polymer-composites from recycled high density polyethylene and waste lignocellulosic materials. Fresen Environ Bull. 17: 211–217.
  • Mengeloglu. F. & Kabakci, A. (2008). Determination of thermal properties and morphology of eucalyptus wood residue filled high density polyethylene composites. Int J Mol Sci. 9: 107–119.
  • Mengeloglu, F., Matuana, LM. & King, J. (2000). Effect of impact modifiers on properties of rigid PVC/ wood-fiber composites. J Vinyl Addit Techn. 6: 153–157.
  • Nunez AJ, Sturn PC, Kenny JM, Aranguren MI, Marcovich NE & Reboredo MM. (2002). Mechanical characterization of polypropylene-wood flour composites. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1420–1428.
  • Panthapulakkal, S. & Sain, M. (2007). Agro-residue reinforced HDPE composites: Fibre characterization and analysis of composites properties. Compos Part A. 38: 1445–1454.
  • Sain M & Panthapulakkal S. (2006). Bioprocess preparation of wheat straw fiber and characterization. Ind Crop Prod 23: 1–8.
  • Sombatsompop, N., Yotinwattanakumtorn, C. & Thongpin, C. (2005). Influence of type and concentration of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene and impact modifiers on mechanical properties of PP/Wood sawdust composites. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 97, 475-484; DOI 10.1002/app.21765.
  • Stark N & Berger MJ. (1997). Effect of species and particle size on properties of wood-flour-filled polypropylene composites, In: Sypmosium of Functional Fillers for Thermoplastics and Thermosets, San Diego, California. pp.1–20.
  • Stark, M. & Rowlands, RE. (2003). Effects of wood fiber characteristics on mechanical properties of wood/polypropylene composites. Wood Fiber Sci. 35: 167–174.
  • Tea sector report (2019). General Directorate of Tea Enterprises. Taken from address https://www.caykur.gov.tr/Pages/Yayinlar/YayinDetay.aspx?ItemType=5&ItemId=721 on 2 September 2021
  • Yang, H.S., Wolcott, M.P., Kim, H.S., Kim, S. & Kim, H.J. (2007). Effect of different compatibilizing agents on the mechanical properties of lignocellulosic material filled polyethylene bio-composites. Compos. Struct. 79, 369-375; DOI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2006.02.016.
  • Yao, F., Wu, Q., Liu, H., Lei, Y. & Zhou, D. (2011). Rice straw fiber reinforced high density polyethylene composite: Effect of coupled compatibilizating and toughening treatment. J Appl Polym Sci. 119: 2214–2222.
  • Wang, Y., Yeh, F.C., Lai, S.M., Chan, H.C. & Shen, H.F. (2003). Effectiveness of functionalized polyolefins as compatibilizers for polyethylene/wood flour composites. Polym. Eng. Sci. 43(4), 933-945; DOI 10.1002/pen.10077.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Composite and Hybrid Materials
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

İlkay Atar 0000-0001-9527-1791

İbrahim Halil Başboğa 0000-0002-3272-7269

Kadir Karakus 0000-0001-7088-4364

Fatih Mengeloğlu 0000-0002-2614-3662

Publication Date October 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Atar, İ., Başboğa, İ. H., Karakus, K., Mengeloğlu, F. (2021). EFFECT OF WASTE TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS) WOOD FIBERS AND MAPE ON SOME PROPERTIES OF HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) BASED POLYMER COMPOSITES. Turkish Journal of Forest Science, 5(2), 606-619. https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.991612
AMA Atar İ, Başboğa İH, Karakus K, Mengeloğlu F. EFFECT OF WASTE TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS) WOOD FIBERS AND MAPE ON SOME PROPERTIES OF HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) BASED POLYMER COMPOSITES. Turk J For Sci. October 2021;5(2):606-619. doi:10.32328/turkjforsci.991612
Chicago Atar, İlkay, İbrahim Halil Başboğa, Kadir Karakus, and Fatih Mengeloğlu. “EFFECT OF WASTE TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS) WOOD FIBERS AND MAPE ON SOME PROPERTIES OF HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) BASED POLYMER COMPOSITES”. Turkish Journal of Forest Science 5, no. 2 (October 2021): 606-19. https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.991612.
EndNote Atar İ, Başboğa İH, Karakus K, Mengeloğlu F (October 1, 2021) EFFECT OF WASTE TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS) WOOD FIBERS AND MAPE ON SOME PROPERTIES OF HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) BASED POLYMER COMPOSITES. Turkish Journal of Forest Science 5 2 606–619.
IEEE İ. Atar, İ. H. Başboğa, K. Karakus, and F. Mengeloğlu, “EFFECT OF WASTE TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS) WOOD FIBERS AND MAPE ON SOME PROPERTIES OF HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) BASED POLYMER COMPOSITES”, Turk J For Sci, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 606–619, 2021, doi: 10.32328/turkjforsci.991612.
ISNAD Atar, İlkay et al. “EFFECT OF WASTE TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS) WOOD FIBERS AND MAPE ON SOME PROPERTIES OF HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) BASED POLYMER COMPOSITES”. Turkish Journal of Forest Science 5/2 (October 2021), 606-619. https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.991612.
JAMA Atar İ, Başboğa İH, Karakus K, Mengeloğlu F. EFFECT OF WASTE TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS) WOOD FIBERS AND MAPE ON SOME PROPERTIES OF HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) BASED POLYMER COMPOSITES. Turk J For Sci. 2021;5:606–619.
MLA Atar, İlkay et al. “EFFECT OF WASTE TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS) WOOD FIBERS AND MAPE ON SOME PROPERTIES OF HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) BASED POLYMER COMPOSITES”. Turkish Journal of Forest Science, vol. 5, no. 2, 2021, pp. 606-19, doi:10.32328/turkjforsci.991612.
Vancouver Atar İ, Başboğa İH, Karakus K, Mengeloğlu F. EFFECT OF WASTE TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS) WOOD FIBERS AND MAPE ON SOME PROPERTIES OF HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) BASED POLYMER COMPOSITES. Turk J For Sci. 2021;5(2):606-19.