Bu çalışma, kurumsal çevre ile Küresel Raporlama Girişimi (Global Reporting Initiative-GRI) ilkelerinin uygulanması arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın örneklemi, Fortune dergisinin 2020 yılı sıralaması doğrultusunda belirlenen dünyanın en büyük 500 işletmesini kapsamaktadır. Kurumsal çevre ve GRI uygulaması arasındaki ilişki lojistik regresyon yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları, yüksek çevresel gelişme ve sosyal ilerleme ve güçlü kurumsal yapıya sahip ülkelerdeki işletmelerin GRI çerçevesi ile uyumlu sürdürülebilirlik raporu yayınlama eğiliminin daha yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu çalışma, ülke düzeyindeki kurumsal faktörlerin şirket raporlamasındaki önemli rolünü ortaya koymuştur.
Ali, W., & Frynas, J. G. (2018). The role of normative CSR-promoting institutions in stimulating CSR disclosures in developing countries. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 25(4), 373-390. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1466
Amini, M., Bienstock, C. C., & Narcum, J. A. (2018). Status of corporate sustainability: A content analysis of Fortune 500 companies. Business Strategy and the Environment, 27(8), 1450-1461. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2195
Amor-Esteban, V., Galindo-Villardón, M., & García-Sánchez, I.-M. (2019). A multivariate proposal for a national corporate social responsibility practices index (NCSRPI) for international settings. Social Indicators Research, 143(2), 525-560. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-018-1997-x
Baughn, C. C., (Dusty) Bodie, N. L., & McIntosh, J. C. (2007). Corporate social and environmental responsibility in Asian countries and other geographical regions. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 14(4), 189-205. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.160
Campbell, J. L. (2007). Why would corporations behave in socially responsible ways? An institutional theory of corporate social responsibility. Academy of Management Review, 32(3), 946-967. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.25275684
Cardenas, M., Ayala, J. J. G., & Hernandez-Aguilera, J. N. (2020). Boosting ESG finance for the post-Covid-19 world. Retrieved December 11, 2023, from https://intelego-eu.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/BoostingESGFinancePost-COVID_CGEP_Commentary_042220-3-1.pdf
Christensen, H. B., Hail, L., & Leuz, C. (2021). Mandatory CSR and sustainability reporting: Economic analysis and literature review. Review of Accounting Studies, 26(3), 1176-1248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-021-09609-5
DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147-160. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095101
Doh, J. P., & Guay, T. R. (2006). Corporate social responsibility, public policy, and NGO activism in Europe and the United States: An institutional‐stakeholder perspective. Journal of Management Studies, 43(1), 47-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2006.00582.x
Fifka, M. S., & Pobizhan, M. (2014). An institutional approach to corporate social responsibility in Russia. Journal of Cleaner Production, 82, 192-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.06.091
Fortune (2020). Fortune Global 500 list 2020. Retrieved September 25, 2021, from https://fortune.com/ranking/global500/2020/
Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder perspective. Prentice Hall.
Gallego‐Álvarez, I., & Pucheta‐Martínez, M. C. (2020). Corporate social responsibility reporting and corporate governance mechanisms: An international outlook from emerging countries. Business Strategy & Development, 3(1), 77-97. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.80
Gerged, A. M., & Almontaser, T. (2021). Corporate adoption of SDG reporting in a non-enabling institutional environment: Insights from Libyan oil industries. Resources Policy, 74, 102240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102240
GRI (2021). GRI 1: Foundation 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2023, from https://www.globalreporting.org/standards/download-the-standards/
Hackston, D., & Milne, M. J. (1996). Some determinants of social and environmental disclosures in New Zealand companies. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 9(1), 77-108. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513579610109987
Hahn, R., & Kühnen, M. (2013). Determinants of sustainability reporting: A review of results, trends, theory, and opportunities in an expanding field of research. Journal of Cleaner Production, 59, 5-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.07.005
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis. Cengage Learning.
Haji, A. A., Coram, P., & Troshani, I. (2023). Consequences of CSR reporting regulations worldwide: A review and research agenda. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 36(1), 177-208. https://doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-05-2020-4571
Hamrouni, A., Karaman, A. S., Kuzey, C., & Uyar, A. (2023). Ethical environment, accountability, and sustainability reporting: What is the connection in the hospitality and tourism industry? Tourism Economics, 29(3), 664-695. https://doi.org/10.1177/13548166211062649
Han, S.-R., Li, P., Xiang, J.-J., Luo, X.-H., & Chen, C.-Y. (2020). Does the institutional environment influence corporate social responsibility? Consideration of green investment of enterprises—evidence from China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(9), 12722-12739. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09559-6
Haniffa, R. M., & Cooke, T. E. (2002). Culture, corporate governance and disclosure in Malaysian corporations. Abacus, 38(3), 317-349. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6281.00112
Jensen, J. C., & Berg, N. (2012). Determinants of traditional sustainability reporting versus integrated reporting. An institutionalist approach. Business Strategy and the Environment, 21(5), 299-316. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.740
Karmani, M., & Boussaada, R. (2021). Corporate social responsibility and firm performance: Does institutional quality matter? Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 22(4), 641-662. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-07-2020-0153
Kaufmann, D., & Kraay, A. (2020). 2020 Worldwide Governance Indicators. Retrieved October 20, 2021, from http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/
Khan, M., Lockhart, J., & Bathurst, R. (2020). A multi-level institutional perspective of corporate social responsibility reporting: A mixed-method study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 265, 121739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121739
Kılıç, M., Uyar, A., & Karaman, A. S. (2019). What impacts sustainability reporting in the global aviation industry? An institutional perspective. Transport Policy, 79, 54-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2019.04.017
Kılıç, M., Uyar, A., Kuzey, C., & Karaman, A. S. (2021). Does institutional theory explain integrated reporting adoption of Fortune 500 companies? Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 22(1), 114-137. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-04-2020-0068
Kim, C., Kim, J., Marshall, R., & Afzali, H. (2018). Stakeholder influence, institutional duality, and CSR involvement of MNC subsidiaries. Journal of Business Research, 91, 40-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.05.044
KPMG (2022). Survey of sustainability reporting 2022. Retrieved November 28, 2023, from https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/se/pdf/komm/2022/Global-Survey-of-Sustainability-Reporting-2022.pdf
Krueger, P., Sautner, Z., Tang, D. Y., & Zhong, R. (2023). The effects of mandatory ESG disclosure around the world. SSRN Electronic Journal. Retrieved November 25, 2023, from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Papers.cfm?abstract_id=3832745
Legendre, S., & Coderre, F. (2013). Determinants of GRI G3 application levels: The case of the Fortune Global 500. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 20(3), 182-192. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1285
Li, R., & Ramanathan, R. (2020). Can environmental investments benefit environmental performance? The moderating roles of institutional environment and foreign direct investment. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(8), 3385-3398. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2578
Li, S., Fetscherin, M., Alon, I., Lattemann, C., & Yeh, K. (2010). Corporate social responsibility in emerging markets: The importance of the governance environment. Management International Review, 50(5), 635-654. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-010-0049-9
Migdadi, Y. K. A.-A., & Omari, A. A. (2019). Identifying the best practices in green operations strategy of hospitals. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 26(4), 1106-1131. https://doi.org/10.1108/bij-09-2017-0242
Neter, J., Wasserman, W., & Kutner, M. H. (1996). Applied linear statistical models. McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Nikolaeva, R., & Bicho, M. (2011). The role of institutional and reputational factors in the voluntary adoption of corporate social responsibility reporting standards. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 39(1), 136-157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-010-0214-5
Oh, W.-Y., Chang, Y. K., & Jung, R. (2019). Board characteristics and corporate social responsibility: Does family involvement in management matter? Journal of Business Research, 103, 23-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.05.028
Pedersen, E. R. G., Neergaard, P., Pedersen, J. T., & Gwozdz, W. (2013). Conformance and deviance: Company responses to institutional pressures for corporate social responsibility reporting. Business Strategy and the Environment, 22(6), 357-373. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1743
Rosati, F., & Faria, L. G. D. (2019). Addressing the SDGs in sustainability reports: The relationship with institutional factors. Journal of Cleaner Production, 215, 1312-1326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.107
Shabana, K. M., Buchholtz, A. K., & Carroll, A. B. (2017). The institutionalization of corporate social responsibility reporting. Business and Society, 56(8), 1107-1135. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650316628177
Simoni, L., Bini, L., & Bellucci, M. (2020). Effects of social, environmental, and institutional factors on sustainability report assurance: Evidence from European countries. Meditari Accountancy Research, 28(6), 1059-1087. https://doi.org/10.1108/medar-03-2019-0462
Singh, S., & Mittal, S. (2019). Analysis of drivers of CSR practices’ implementation among family firms in India: A stakeholder's perspective. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 27(4), 947-971. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-09-2018-1536
SPI (2020). 2020 Social Progress Index. Retrieved October 15, 2021, from https://www.socialprogress.org/
The World Bank (2020). World Development Indicators. Retrieved October 21, 2021, from https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
Tran, M., & Beddewela, E. (2020). Does context matter for sustainability disclosure? Institutional factors in Southeast Asia. Business Ethics: A European Review, 29(2), 282-302. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12265
Uyar, A., Karaman, A. S., & Kilic, M. (2021). Institutional drivers of sustainability reporting in the global tourism industry. Tourism Economics, 27(1), 105-128. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816619886250
Van der Zahn, J. M. (2023). Sustainability reporting regime transition and the impact on intellectual capital reporting. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 24(3), 544-582. https://doi.org/10.1108/jaar-06-2021-0143
Vashchenko, M. (2017). An external perspective on CSR: What matters and what does not? Business Ethics: A European Review, 26(4), 396-412. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12162
Wendling, Z. A., Emerson, J. W., de Sherbinin, A., & Esty, D. C. (2020). 2020 Environmental Performance Index. Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy. https://epi.yale.edu/
Yasser, Q. R., Al Mamun, A., & Ahmed, I. (2017). Corporate social responsibility and gender diversity: Insights from Asia Pacific. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 24(3), 210-221. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1400
Yuan, J., Al Shraah, A., Kuo, Y.-K., Muda, I., Mabrouk, F., Espinoza-Maguiña, M., & Abdulrehman, N. (2023). Effects of ecological innovation, governance structure, and social development on the adoption of sustainable reporting in the global tourism industry. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 36(2), 2179092. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677x.2023.2179092
DOES THE INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT AFFECT SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING? WORLDWIDE EVIDENCE
Year 2024,
Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 1 - 29, 31.03.2024
This study aims to examine the association between the institutional environment and the adoption of Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines. The research sample covers the largest 500 companies in the world, based on Fortune magazine’s 2020 ranking. A logistic regression is conducted to examine the relationship between the institutional environment and GRI adoption. The findings reveal that companies from countries with high environmental development and social progress and strong governance are more likely to release GRI-based sustainability reports. This study implies the significant role of country-level institutional factors in corporate reporting.
Ali, W., & Frynas, J. G. (2018). The role of normative CSR-promoting institutions in stimulating CSR disclosures in developing countries. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 25(4), 373-390. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1466
Amini, M., Bienstock, C. C., & Narcum, J. A. (2018). Status of corporate sustainability: A content analysis of Fortune 500 companies. Business Strategy and the Environment, 27(8), 1450-1461. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2195
Amor-Esteban, V., Galindo-Villardón, M., & García-Sánchez, I.-M. (2019). A multivariate proposal for a national corporate social responsibility practices index (NCSRPI) for international settings. Social Indicators Research, 143(2), 525-560. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-018-1997-x
Baughn, C. C., (Dusty) Bodie, N. L., & McIntosh, J. C. (2007). Corporate social and environmental responsibility in Asian countries and other geographical regions. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 14(4), 189-205. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.160
Campbell, J. L. (2007). Why would corporations behave in socially responsible ways? An institutional theory of corporate social responsibility. Academy of Management Review, 32(3), 946-967. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.25275684
Cardenas, M., Ayala, J. J. G., & Hernandez-Aguilera, J. N. (2020). Boosting ESG finance for the post-Covid-19 world. Retrieved December 11, 2023, from https://intelego-eu.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/BoostingESGFinancePost-COVID_CGEP_Commentary_042220-3-1.pdf
Christensen, H. B., Hail, L., & Leuz, C. (2021). Mandatory CSR and sustainability reporting: Economic analysis and literature review. Review of Accounting Studies, 26(3), 1176-1248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-021-09609-5
DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147-160. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095101
Doh, J. P., & Guay, T. R. (2006). Corporate social responsibility, public policy, and NGO activism in Europe and the United States: An institutional‐stakeholder perspective. Journal of Management Studies, 43(1), 47-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2006.00582.x
Fifka, M. S., & Pobizhan, M. (2014). An institutional approach to corporate social responsibility in Russia. Journal of Cleaner Production, 82, 192-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.06.091
Fortune (2020). Fortune Global 500 list 2020. Retrieved September 25, 2021, from https://fortune.com/ranking/global500/2020/
Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder perspective. Prentice Hall.
Gallego‐Álvarez, I., & Pucheta‐Martínez, M. C. (2020). Corporate social responsibility reporting and corporate governance mechanisms: An international outlook from emerging countries. Business Strategy & Development, 3(1), 77-97. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.80
Gerged, A. M., & Almontaser, T. (2021). Corporate adoption of SDG reporting in a non-enabling institutional environment: Insights from Libyan oil industries. Resources Policy, 74, 102240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102240
GRI (2021). GRI 1: Foundation 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2023, from https://www.globalreporting.org/standards/download-the-standards/
Hackston, D., & Milne, M. J. (1996). Some determinants of social and environmental disclosures in New Zealand companies. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 9(1), 77-108. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513579610109987
Hahn, R., & Kühnen, M. (2013). Determinants of sustainability reporting: A review of results, trends, theory, and opportunities in an expanding field of research. Journal of Cleaner Production, 59, 5-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.07.005
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis. Cengage Learning.
Haji, A. A., Coram, P., & Troshani, I. (2023). Consequences of CSR reporting regulations worldwide: A review and research agenda. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 36(1), 177-208. https://doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-05-2020-4571
Hamrouni, A., Karaman, A. S., Kuzey, C., & Uyar, A. (2023). Ethical environment, accountability, and sustainability reporting: What is the connection in the hospitality and tourism industry? Tourism Economics, 29(3), 664-695. https://doi.org/10.1177/13548166211062649
Han, S.-R., Li, P., Xiang, J.-J., Luo, X.-H., & Chen, C.-Y. (2020). Does the institutional environment influence corporate social responsibility? Consideration of green investment of enterprises—evidence from China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(9), 12722-12739. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09559-6
Haniffa, R. M., & Cooke, T. E. (2002). Culture, corporate governance and disclosure in Malaysian corporations. Abacus, 38(3), 317-349. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6281.00112
Jensen, J. C., & Berg, N. (2012). Determinants of traditional sustainability reporting versus integrated reporting. An institutionalist approach. Business Strategy and the Environment, 21(5), 299-316. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.740
Karmani, M., & Boussaada, R. (2021). Corporate social responsibility and firm performance: Does institutional quality matter? Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 22(4), 641-662. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-07-2020-0153
Kaufmann, D., & Kraay, A. (2020). 2020 Worldwide Governance Indicators. Retrieved October 20, 2021, from http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/
Khan, M., Lockhart, J., & Bathurst, R. (2020). A multi-level institutional perspective of corporate social responsibility reporting: A mixed-method study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 265, 121739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121739
Kılıç, M., Uyar, A., & Karaman, A. S. (2019). What impacts sustainability reporting in the global aviation industry? An institutional perspective. Transport Policy, 79, 54-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2019.04.017
Kılıç, M., Uyar, A., Kuzey, C., & Karaman, A. S. (2021). Does institutional theory explain integrated reporting adoption of Fortune 500 companies? Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 22(1), 114-137. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-04-2020-0068
Kim, C., Kim, J., Marshall, R., & Afzali, H. (2018). Stakeholder influence, institutional duality, and CSR involvement of MNC subsidiaries. Journal of Business Research, 91, 40-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.05.044
KPMG (2022). Survey of sustainability reporting 2022. Retrieved November 28, 2023, from https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/se/pdf/komm/2022/Global-Survey-of-Sustainability-Reporting-2022.pdf
Krueger, P., Sautner, Z., Tang, D. Y., & Zhong, R. (2023). The effects of mandatory ESG disclosure around the world. SSRN Electronic Journal. Retrieved November 25, 2023, from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Papers.cfm?abstract_id=3832745
Legendre, S., & Coderre, F. (2013). Determinants of GRI G3 application levels: The case of the Fortune Global 500. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 20(3), 182-192. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1285
Li, R., & Ramanathan, R. (2020). Can environmental investments benefit environmental performance? The moderating roles of institutional environment and foreign direct investment. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(8), 3385-3398. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2578
Li, S., Fetscherin, M., Alon, I., Lattemann, C., & Yeh, K. (2010). Corporate social responsibility in emerging markets: The importance of the governance environment. Management International Review, 50(5), 635-654. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-010-0049-9
Migdadi, Y. K. A.-A., & Omari, A. A. (2019). Identifying the best practices in green operations strategy of hospitals. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 26(4), 1106-1131. https://doi.org/10.1108/bij-09-2017-0242
Neter, J., Wasserman, W., & Kutner, M. H. (1996). Applied linear statistical models. McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Nikolaeva, R., & Bicho, M. (2011). The role of institutional and reputational factors in the voluntary adoption of corporate social responsibility reporting standards. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 39(1), 136-157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-010-0214-5
Oh, W.-Y., Chang, Y. K., & Jung, R. (2019). Board characteristics and corporate social responsibility: Does family involvement in management matter? Journal of Business Research, 103, 23-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.05.028
Pedersen, E. R. G., Neergaard, P., Pedersen, J. T., & Gwozdz, W. (2013). Conformance and deviance: Company responses to institutional pressures for corporate social responsibility reporting. Business Strategy and the Environment, 22(6), 357-373. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1743
Rosati, F., & Faria, L. G. D. (2019). Addressing the SDGs in sustainability reports: The relationship with institutional factors. Journal of Cleaner Production, 215, 1312-1326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.107
Shabana, K. M., Buchholtz, A. K., & Carroll, A. B. (2017). The institutionalization of corporate social responsibility reporting. Business and Society, 56(8), 1107-1135. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650316628177
Simoni, L., Bini, L., & Bellucci, M. (2020). Effects of social, environmental, and institutional factors on sustainability report assurance: Evidence from European countries. Meditari Accountancy Research, 28(6), 1059-1087. https://doi.org/10.1108/medar-03-2019-0462
Singh, S., & Mittal, S. (2019). Analysis of drivers of CSR practices’ implementation among family firms in India: A stakeholder's perspective. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 27(4), 947-971. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-09-2018-1536
SPI (2020). 2020 Social Progress Index. Retrieved October 15, 2021, from https://www.socialprogress.org/
The World Bank (2020). World Development Indicators. Retrieved October 21, 2021, from https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
Tran, M., & Beddewela, E. (2020). Does context matter for sustainability disclosure? Institutional factors in Southeast Asia. Business Ethics: A European Review, 29(2), 282-302. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12265
Uyar, A., Karaman, A. S., & Kilic, M. (2021). Institutional drivers of sustainability reporting in the global tourism industry. Tourism Economics, 27(1), 105-128. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816619886250
Van der Zahn, J. M. (2023). Sustainability reporting regime transition and the impact on intellectual capital reporting. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 24(3), 544-582. https://doi.org/10.1108/jaar-06-2021-0143
Vashchenko, M. (2017). An external perspective on CSR: What matters and what does not? Business Ethics: A European Review, 26(4), 396-412. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12162
Wendling, Z. A., Emerson, J. W., de Sherbinin, A., & Esty, D. C. (2020). 2020 Environmental Performance Index. Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy. https://epi.yale.edu/
Yasser, Q. R., Al Mamun, A., & Ahmed, I. (2017). Corporate social responsibility and gender diversity: Insights from Asia Pacific. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 24(3), 210-221. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1400
Yuan, J., Al Shraah, A., Kuo, Y.-K., Muda, I., Mabrouk, F., Espinoza-Maguiña, M., & Abdulrehman, N. (2023). Effects of ecological innovation, governance structure, and social development on the adoption of sustainable reporting in the global tourism industry. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 36(2), 2179092. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677x.2023.2179092
Kılıç Karamahmutoğlu, M. (2024). DOES THE INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT AFFECT SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING? WORLDWIDE EVIDENCE. Muhasebe Bilim Dünyası Dergisi, 26(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.31460/mbdd.1370759
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