Abstract
A cloud point extraction (CPE) process using the two nonionic surfactants, Tergitol 15-S-9 and Tergitol 15-S-7, mixtures of secondary ethoxylated alcohols, to extract selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from aqueous solutions at 25°C was investigated. Cloud point temperatures (CPTs) of selected nonionic surfactants were studied against the effect of added electrolytes on their cloud points. Sodium iodide could increase the cloud points of selected nonionic surfactants, i.e., the salt-in effect, whereas sodium chloride, sodium phosphate and sodium sulfate could decrease the cloud point, i.e., the salt-out effect. Cloud point temperatures (CPTs) of these micellar solutions were regulated and reduced enough with addition of sodium phosphate and sodium sulfate, so that the cloud point extraction (CPE) process could be facilitated at 25°C. It was found that a higher preconcentration factor could be achieved in the micellar solution having a lower surfactant concentration. The average preconcentration factor was also discussed as a function of surfactant concentration used in the CPE process.
Kurzfassung
Es wurde eine Trübungspunktextraktion (cloud point extraction, CPE) mit zwei nichtionischen Tensiden (Tergitol 15-S-9 and Tergitol 15-S-7, das sind Mischungen aus sekundären ethoxilierten Alkoholen), zur Extraktion ausgewählter polyzyklischer aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe (PAKs) aus wässriger Lösung bei 25°C untersucht. Die Trübungspunkttemperaturen (CPTs) der ausgewählten Tenside wurden abhängig von dem Einfluss von Elektrolytzugabe auf den Trübungspunkt studiert. Natriumiodid konnte die Trübungspunkte der nichtionischen Tenside anheben (d.h. “salt-in”), während Natriumchlorid, Natriumphosphat und Natriumsulfat den Trübungspunkt absenkten (“salt-out”). Die Trübungspunkttemperaturen (CPTs) der mizellaren Lösungen wurden reguliert und soweit reduziert mittels Zugabe von Natriumphosphat und Natriumsulfat, dass die Trübungspunktextraktion bei 25°C durchgeführt werden konnte. Man fand auch, dass ein höherer Vorkonzentrierungsfaktor in der mizellaren Lösung erreicht werden konnte, wenn sie eine geringere Tensidkonzentration enthielt. Der durchschnittliche Vorkonzentrierungsfaktor wurde auch in Anhängigkeit von der Tensidkonzentration, die bei der Trübungspunktextraktion eingesetzt wurde, diskutiert.
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