Analysis of the Influence of Alkyl Polyglycoside Surfactant and Cosolvent Structure on Interfacial Tension in Aqueous Formulations versus n-Octane

S. Iglauer; Y. Wu; P. Shuler; Y. Tang; W. A. Goddard

doi:10.3139/113.110056

Published by De Gruyter April 5, 2013

Analysis of the Influence of Alkyl Polyglycoside Surfactant and Cosolvent Structure on Interfacial Tension in Aqueous Formulations versus n-Octane

Analyse des Einflusses der Struktur von Alkylpolyglucosiden und von Ko-Lösungsmitteln auf die Grenzflächenspannung von wässrigen Formulierungen gegen n-Oktan

S. Iglauer , Y. Wu , P. Shuler , Y. Tang and W. A. Goddard

From the journal Tenside Surfactants Detergents

https://doi.org/10.3139/113.110056

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Abstract

We studied the influence of molecular structural elements of alkyl polyglycoside (APG) surfactants on the interfacial tension (IFT) in aqueous formulations against n-octane. This included the analysis of alkyl and aryl chain length, type and number of sugar-ring head, anomers, addition of cosolvents and effect of salt addition. We found that longer alkyl or aryl chains lead to lower IFT, consistent with data recorded for commercial (mixed) APGs. APGs with only one sugar-ring head had lower IFT than their analog maltose derivates (two-ring head). Intriguingly the stereochemistry of the sugar head (i.e. galactose versus glucose) and the type of anomer showed a significant influence on IFT. The n-octyl-α-D-glucopyranoside anomer had a lower IFT than the corresponding β-anomer. 1-octanol and 1-hexanol were efficient cosolvents consistent with the datasets observed for commercial APGs. Salt addition reduced IFT. Functional groups (aldehyde, amide-methoxy) integrated into the molecular architecture of the APG skeleton were efficient in terms of significantly reducing IFT, suggesting a strategy for the molecular design of advanced APG surfactants. We discuss the results in the context of the hydrophilic-lipophilic deviation (HLD) concept, which we modified so that IFT values are discussed instead of phase behavior.

Kurzfassung

Wir untersuchten den Einfluss molekularer Strukturelemente von Alkylpolyglucosiden (APG) auf die Grenzflächenspannung (IFT) von wässrigen Formulierungen gegenüber n-Oktan. Dies schloss die Analyse der Alkyl- und der Arylkettenlänge, den Typ und die Anzahl der Zucker-Kopfgruppen, Anomere, die Zugabe von Ko-Lösungsmitteln und den Effekt von Salzzugabe ein. Wir fanden in Übereinstimmung mit den Daten für kommerzielle APG (-Mischungen), dass mit längerer Alkyl- oder Arylkettenlänge die IFT abnimmt. APGs mit nur einer Zucker-Kopfgruppe wiesen eine niedrigere IFT auf als die analogen Maltosederivate (mit 2 Zuckerringen als Kopfgruppe). Die Stereochemie der Zucker-Kopfgruppe (z.B. Galaktose im Vergleich zu Glucose) und der Typ des Anomers zeigten einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die IFT. Das n-Octyl-α-D-Glucopyranoseanomer senkte die IFT stärker als das analoge β-Anomer. 1-Oktanol und 1-Hexanol waren wirksame Ko-Lösungsmittel; dies ist konsistent mit Daten für kommerzielle APGs. Die Zugabe von Salzen reduzierte die IFT. Funktionale Gruppen (Aldehyde, Amid-Methoxy) in der APG-Molekülarchitektur konnten die IFT signifikant senken. Dies eröffnet neue Moleküldesignstrategien zur Entwicklung verbesserter APG-Formulierungen. Wir diskutieren unsere Ergebnisse im Zusammenhang mit dem Konzept der hydrophilen-lipophilen Abweichung (HLD), das wir so modifizierten, dass wir IFT-Werte anstatt des Phasenverhaltens analysieren.

Key words:: Alkyl polyglucoside; cosolvent; interfacial tension; nonionic surfactant; structure-property relation

Stichwörter:: Alkylpolyglucoside; Ko-Lösungsmittel; Grenzflächenspannung; nichtionisches Tensid; Struktur-Eigenschaftsbeziehung

^∗ Dr. Yongchun Tang, Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Power, Energy Environmental Research (PEER) Center, California Institute of Technology, Covina, CA 91722, U.S.A. E-Mail: tang@peer.caltech.edu

Dr. Stefan Iglauer is a Research Associate at Imperial College London. His research interests include carbon dioxide sequestration, multi-phase flow in porous media, interfacial science, polymer technology and enhanced oil recovery. Dr. Iglauer earned his chemistry degree from the University of Paderborn and received his PhD from the Oxford Brookes University. He worked as a Postdoctoral scholar in chemistry at the California Institute of Technology from 2003–2005.

Dr. Yongfu Wu is a Research Assistant Professor with the Petroleum Engineering Program at Missouri University of Science and Technology (MS&T). Dr. Wu's research interests include surfactants and interfacial phenomena such as adsorption, aggregation, dispersion, emulsion, foaming, spreading and wetting, as well as development of novel surfactants and formulations for enhanced oil recovery (EOR), remediation of aquifer and groundwater and other surfactant-related industrial applications. Currently his research focuses on the fundamental aspects of enhanced oil recovery by chemical technologies.

Dr. Patrick Shuler currently is on the research staff at the PEERI (Power, Environmental, and Energy Research Institute) located in Covina, CA. There he has been directing government and industry-sponsored research projects in chemical-based Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) for the past 9 years. Previous to joining PEERI he worked for over 22 years in Chevron Corporation's upstream R&D organization. While there he specialized in research in chemical EOR and in other aspects of oil and gas production chemistry. Dr. Shuler earned undergraduate and graduate degrees in chemical engineering degrees from the University of Notre Dame, and the University of Colorado, respectively.

Dr. Yongchun Tang is currently the Director of the Power, Energy, and Environmental Research (PEER) Center in the Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering at the California Institute of Technology. Besides overseeing the operation of the PEER Center, with a staff of approximately 20 people, he has directed projects in several areas, including hydrocarbon generation and gas-to-liquids conversion. Dr. Tang also is an adjunct professor with Cornell University and the Cola Research and Geochemistry Institutes in the Chinese Academy of Science.

Prof. William A. Goddard III has been a member of the Faculty of the Chemistry Department at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) since November 1964, where he is now Charles and Mary Ferkel Professor in Chemistry, Materials Science, and Applied Physics. His research career has focused on developing methods to solve problems in catalysis, materials science, and pharma from first principles (no use of empirical data). He uses multiscale multiparadigm technologies to make first principles methods practical for critical problems in catalysis, nanotechnology, fuel cells, and pharma. Thus, his work bridges between fundamentals of physics and chemistry, new developments in computer science, and practical applications. Professor Goddard has published over 816 scientific articles. See http://www.wag.caltech.edu/publications/papers/.

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Received: 2009-09-30

Published Online: 2013-04-05

Published in Print: 2010-03-01

Analysis of the Influence of Alkyl Polyglycoside Surfactant and Cosolvent Structure on Interfacial Tension in Aqueous Formulations versus n-Octane

Abstract

Kurzfassung

References

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