Abstract
Objective. No study has examined a comprehensive set of approach and avoidance eating behaviours and their relationship with bodyweight among North American children. The purpose of this study was to test whether a variety of individual eating behaviours differed among weight status groups in a sample of Canadian pre-school children. Methods. The sample included 4 and 5-year-old children (N=1 730), who attended a health center in and around Edmonton, Alberta, for a pre-school immunization shot between November 2005 and August 2007. A trained health assistant measured children's height and weight. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cut-off criteria were used to classify the children according to body weight status. Parents completed the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ). A one-way between-groups multivariate analysis of variance was performed to investigate eating behaviour differences by weight status groups while adjusting for sex and neighbourhood socioeconomic status (SES). Results. Significant differences (p<0.01) were found between weight status groups for food responsiveness, emotional over-eating, enjoyment of food, satiety responsiveness, slowness in eating, and food fussiness. No significant differences were found for desire to drink or emotional under-eating. An inspection of mean scores showed graded positive linear patterns by weight for food responsiveness and enjoyment of food and graded negative linear patterns by weight for satiety responsiveness, slowness in eating, and food fussiness. Conclusion. Future research should examine whether eating behaviours can be modified to reduce children's risk of becoming overweight or obese. In addition potential determinants of eating behaviours should be explored.
Acknowledgements
This study could not have been undertaken without financial support from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC). VC was supported by a CIHR – Frederick Banting and Charles Best Canada Graduate Scholarship – Master's Award.
Declaration of interest: The authors of this manuscript have no external interests that might be interpreted as influencing the research. The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.