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Water quality assessment of the River Kabul at Peshawar, Pakistan: Industrial and urban wastewater impacts

  • Water Treatment and Demineralization Technology
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Abstract

Untreated wastewater discharges may have significant short term and long term effects on the quality of a river system. Present study was undertaken to assess the present status of the water quality of the River Kabul near Peshawar in Pakistan. Seven sites were sampled upstream and downstream in the River Kabul in 2009. Samples were also taken from waste water channel (Budni Drain) that carries waste-water of Peshawar Industrial Estate as well as the domestic sewers to assess the pollution contribution of these sources to the River Kabul. Physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of the samples were analyzed during the study, as well as possible sources of contamination were investigated. The study showed that the pollution level in river is rising from upstream (at city entrance) to downstream (at city exit) due to discharge of domestic waste water effluents, agricultural activities, and solid waste dumping directly into the river.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Zahid Ullah

  2. University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan

    Zahid Ullah & Hizbullah Khan

  3. COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan

    Amir Waseem, Qaisar Mahmood & Umar Farooq

Authors
  1. Zahid Ullah
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  2. Hizbullah Khan
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  3. Amir Waseem
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  4. Qaisar Mahmood
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  5. Umar Farooq
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Additional information

Original Russian Text © Zahid Ullah, Hizbullah Khan, Amir Waseem, Qaisar Mahmood, Umar Farooq, 2013, published in Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Vody, 2013, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 307–319.

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Ullah, Z., Khan, H., Waseem, A. et al. Water quality assessment of the River Kabul at Peshawar, Pakistan: Industrial and urban wastewater impacts. J. Water Chem. Technol. 35, 170–176 (2013). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1063455X1304005X

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1063455X1304005X

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