Research Article
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Performance of the Persulfate/UV-C Process for the Treatment of Dimethyl Phthalate from Aquatic Environments

Year 2018, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 189 - 196, 01.08.2018
https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.425436

Abstract

Phthalate
esters (PAEs) are used as plasticizers to impart flexibility and resilience to
plastic products. In recent years, PAEs are a controversial issue because many
phthalates are suspected to be mutagens, hepatotoxic agents and endocrine
disruptors, and can lead to adverse effects on organisms even in a low
concentration. Recently, sulfate (SO4
·-) radical based advanced
oxidation processes have attracted great scientific interest due to their high
efficiency in the degradation and mineralization of recalcitrant and/or toxic
organic pollutants. In the present study aqueous dimethyl phthalate (DMP; 100
mg L-1), being selected as a
model PAE, was treated by the persulfate (PS)/UV-C process at pH 3 and varying
PS concentrations (0-60 mM). DMP and TOC abatements increased with increasing
PS concentrations from 5 to 40 mM. Further increase in the initial PS
concentration, however, reduced both the rate and extent of DMP and TOC
removals. The highest pseudo-first-order abatement rate coefficient and
electrical energy per order (EE/O) values obtained for DMP treatment with
PS/UV-C oxidation were found as 0.4493 min-1 and 1.79 kWh m-3
order-1, respectively, for PS = 30 mM, pH = 3, DMP = 100
mg L-1. The second-order
reaction rate coefficient for DMP with SO4
·- was determined as 1.47×109 M-1s-1
by the application of competition kinetics using phenol as the probe
compound. Within the scope of the present study, aqueous DMP was also subjected
to peroxymonosulfate (PMS)/UV-C and hydrogen peroxide (HP)/UV-C treatments. The
performance of PS/UV-C treatment was found to be higher than that of PMS/UV-C
and HP/UV-C treatments both in terms of DMP and TOC abatement rates at an
initial oxidant concentration of 5 mM.

References

  • Abdel daiem, M.M., Rivera-Utrilla, J., Ocampo-Pérez, R., Méndez-Díaz, J.D., Sánchez-Polo, M. 2012. Environmental impact of phthalate acid esters and their removal from water and sediments by different technologies e a review. Journal of Environmental Management, 109, 164-178.
  • Anipsitakis, G.P., Dionysiou, D.D., 2004. Transition metal/UV-based advanced oxidation technologies for water decontamination. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 54, 155-163.
  • Bauer, M.J., Herrmann, R., Martin, A., Zellmann, H. 1998. Chemodynamics, transport behaviour and treatment of phthalic acid esters in municipal landfill leachates. Water Science and Technology, 38, 185-192.
  • Baxendale, J.H., Wilson, J.A. 1957. The photolysis of hydrogen peroxide at high light intensities. Transactions Faraday Society, 53, 344-356.
  • Bolton, J.R., Bircher, K.G., Tumas, W., Tolman, C.A. 2001. Figures of merit for the technical development and application of advanced oxidation technologies for both electric and solar driven systems. Pure Applied Chemistry 73, 627-637.
  • Clara, M., Windhofer, G., Hartl, W., Braun, K., Simon, M., Gans, O., Scheffknecht C., Chovanec, A. 2010. Occurrence of phthalates in surface runoff, untreated and treated wastewater and fate during wastewater treatment. Chemosphere, 79, 1017-1018.
  • Criquet, J., Leitner, K.V.N. 2009. Degradation of acetic acid with sulfate radical generated by persulfate ions photolysis. Chemosphere, 77, 194-200.
  • Dargnat, C., Teil, M.J., Chevreuil, M., Blanchard, M. 2009. Phthalate removal throughout wastewater treatment plant: case study of Marne Aval station (France). Science of the Total Environment, 407, 1235-1244.
  • Fierens, T., Servaes, K., Van Holderbeke, M., Geerts, L., De Henauw, S., Sioen, I., Vanermen, G. 2012. Analysis of phthalates in food products and packaging materials sold on the Belgian market. Food Chemistry and Toxicology, 50, 2575-2583.
  • He, X., de la Cruz, A.A., Dionysiou, D.D. 2013. Destruction of cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin by hydroxyl radicals and sulfate radicals using UV-254nm activation of hydrogen peroxide, persulfate and peroxymonosulfate. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 251, 160-166.
  • Kang, Y., Man, Y.B., Cheung, K.C., Wong, M.H. 2012. Risk assessment of human exposure to bioaccessible phthalate esters via indoor dust around the Pearl River Delta. Environmental Science and Technology, 46, 8422-8430.
  • Kolpin, D.W., Furlong, E.T., Meyer, M.T., Thurman, E.M., Zaugg, S.D., Barber, L.B., Buxton, H.T. 2002. Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in US streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance. Environmental Science and Technology, 36, 1202-1211.
  • Liang, C., Su, H.W. 2009. Identification of sulfate and hydroxyl radicals in thermally activated persulfate. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 48, 5558-5562.
  • Lindsey, M.E., Tarr, M.A. 2000. Inhibition of hydroxyl radical reaction with aromatics by dissolved natural organic matter. Environmental Science and Technology, 34, 444-449.
  • Mark, G., Schuchmann, M.N., Schuchmann, H., von Sonntag, C. 1990. The photolysis of potassium peroxodisulphate in aqueous solution in the presence of tert- butanol: a simple actinometer for 254 nm radiation. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 55, 157-168.
  • Neta, P., Huie, R.E., Ross, A.B. 1988. Rate constants for reactions of inorganic radicals in aqueous solution. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 17, 1027–1385.
  • Oliver, R., May, E., Williams, J. 2005. The occurrence and removal of phthalates in a trickle filter STW. Water Research, 39, 4436-4444.
  • Olmez-Hanci, T., Imren, C., Arslan-Alaton, I., Kabdaşlı, I., Tünay, O. 2009. H2O2/UV-C oxidation of potential endocrine disrupting compounds: a case study with dimethyl phthalate. Photochemical and Photobiological Science, 8, 620-627.
  • Olmez-Hanci, T., Imren, C., Kabdaşlı, I., Tünay, O., Arslan-Alaton, I. 2011. Application of the UV- C photo-assisted peroxymonosulfate oxidation for the mineralization of dimethyl phthalate in aqueous solutions. Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 10, 408-413.
  • Venkata Mohan, S., Shailaja, S., Rama Krishna, M., Sarma, P.N. 2007. Adsorptive removal of phthalate ester (diethyl phthalate) from aqueous phase by activated carbon: a kinetic study. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 146, 278-282
  • Xua, B., Gao, N.Y., Sun, X.F., Xia, S.J., Rui, M., Simonnot, M.O., Causserand, C., Zhao, J.F. 2007. Photochemical degradation of diethyl phthalate with UV/H2O2. Journal of Hazardous Materials, B139, 132-139.
  • Yang, Y., Pignatello, J.J., Ma, J., Mitch, W.A. 2016. Effect of matrix components on UV/H2O2 and UV/S2O82- advanced oxidation processes for trace organic degradation in reverse osmosis brines from municipal wastewater reuse facilities. Water Research, 89, 192-200.
  • Yuan, B.L., Li, X.Z., Graham, N. 2008. Aqueous oxidation of dimethyl phthalate in a Fe(VI)-TiO2-UV reaction system. Water Research, 42, 1413-1420.
  • Zhou, Y.R., Zhu, W.P., Liu, F.D., Wang, J.B., Yang, S.X. 2007. Catalytic activity of Ru/Al2O3 for ozonation of dimethyl phthalate in aqueous solution. Chemosphere, 66, 145-150.
Year 2018, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 189 - 196, 01.08.2018
https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.425436

Abstract

References

  • Abdel daiem, M.M., Rivera-Utrilla, J., Ocampo-Pérez, R., Méndez-Díaz, J.D., Sánchez-Polo, M. 2012. Environmental impact of phthalate acid esters and their removal from water and sediments by different technologies e a review. Journal of Environmental Management, 109, 164-178.
  • Anipsitakis, G.P., Dionysiou, D.D., 2004. Transition metal/UV-based advanced oxidation technologies for water decontamination. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 54, 155-163.
  • Bauer, M.J., Herrmann, R., Martin, A., Zellmann, H. 1998. Chemodynamics, transport behaviour and treatment of phthalic acid esters in municipal landfill leachates. Water Science and Technology, 38, 185-192.
  • Baxendale, J.H., Wilson, J.A. 1957. The photolysis of hydrogen peroxide at high light intensities. Transactions Faraday Society, 53, 344-356.
  • Bolton, J.R., Bircher, K.G., Tumas, W., Tolman, C.A. 2001. Figures of merit for the technical development and application of advanced oxidation technologies for both electric and solar driven systems. Pure Applied Chemistry 73, 627-637.
  • Clara, M., Windhofer, G., Hartl, W., Braun, K., Simon, M., Gans, O., Scheffknecht C., Chovanec, A. 2010. Occurrence of phthalates in surface runoff, untreated and treated wastewater and fate during wastewater treatment. Chemosphere, 79, 1017-1018.
  • Criquet, J., Leitner, K.V.N. 2009. Degradation of acetic acid with sulfate radical generated by persulfate ions photolysis. Chemosphere, 77, 194-200.
  • Dargnat, C., Teil, M.J., Chevreuil, M., Blanchard, M. 2009. Phthalate removal throughout wastewater treatment plant: case study of Marne Aval station (France). Science of the Total Environment, 407, 1235-1244.
  • Fierens, T., Servaes, K., Van Holderbeke, M., Geerts, L., De Henauw, S., Sioen, I., Vanermen, G. 2012. Analysis of phthalates in food products and packaging materials sold on the Belgian market. Food Chemistry and Toxicology, 50, 2575-2583.
  • He, X., de la Cruz, A.A., Dionysiou, D.D. 2013. Destruction of cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin by hydroxyl radicals and sulfate radicals using UV-254nm activation of hydrogen peroxide, persulfate and peroxymonosulfate. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 251, 160-166.
  • Kang, Y., Man, Y.B., Cheung, K.C., Wong, M.H. 2012. Risk assessment of human exposure to bioaccessible phthalate esters via indoor dust around the Pearl River Delta. Environmental Science and Technology, 46, 8422-8430.
  • Kolpin, D.W., Furlong, E.T., Meyer, M.T., Thurman, E.M., Zaugg, S.D., Barber, L.B., Buxton, H.T. 2002. Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in US streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance. Environmental Science and Technology, 36, 1202-1211.
  • Liang, C., Su, H.W. 2009. Identification of sulfate and hydroxyl radicals in thermally activated persulfate. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 48, 5558-5562.
  • Lindsey, M.E., Tarr, M.A. 2000. Inhibition of hydroxyl radical reaction with aromatics by dissolved natural organic matter. Environmental Science and Technology, 34, 444-449.
  • Mark, G., Schuchmann, M.N., Schuchmann, H., von Sonntag, C. 1990. The photolysis of potassium peroxodisulphate in aqueous solution in the presence of tert- butanol: a simple actinometer for 254 nm radiation. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 55, 157-168.
  • Neta, P., Huie, R.E., Ross, A.B. 1988. Rate constants for reactions of inorganic radicals in aqueous solution. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 17, 1027–1385.
  • Oliver, R., May, E., Williams, J. 2005. The occurrence and removal of phthalates in a trickle filter STW. Water Research, 39, 4436-4444.
  • Olmez-Hanci, T., Imren, C., Arslan-Alaton, I., Kabdaşlı, I., Tünay, O. 2009. H2O2/UV-C oxidation of potential endocrine disrupting compounds: a case study with dimethyl phthalate. Photochemical and Photobiological Science, 8, 620-627.
  • Olmez-Hanci, T., Imren, C., Kabdaşlı, I., Tünay, O., Arslan-Alaton, I. 2011. Application of the UV- C photo-assisted peroxymonosulfate oxidation for the mineralization of dimethyl phthalate in aqueous solutions. Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 10, 408-413.
  • Venkata Mohan, S., Shailaja, S., Rama Krishna, M., Sarma, P.N. 2007. Adsorptive removal of phthalate ester (diethyl phthalate) from aqueous phase by activated carbon: a kinetic study. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 146, 278-282
  • Xua, B., Gao, N.Y., Sun, X.F., Xia, S.J., Rui, M., Simonnot, M.O., Causserand, C., Zhao, J.F. 2007. Photochemical degradation of diethyl phthalate with UV/H2O2. Journal of Hazardous Materials, B139, 132-139.
  • Yang, Y., Pignatello, J.J., Ma, J., Mitch, W.A. 2016. Effect of matrix components on UV/H2O2 and UV/S2O82- advanced oxidation processes for trace organic degradation in reverse osmosis brines from municipal wastewater reuse facilities. Water Research, 89, 192-200.
  • Yuan, B.L., Li, X.Z., Graham, N. 2008. Aqueous oxidation of dimethyl phthalate in a Fe(VI)-TiO2-UV reaction system. Water Research, 42, 1413-1420.
  • Zhou, Y.R., Zhu, W.P., Liu, F.D., Wang, J.B., Yang, S.X. 2007. Catalytic activity of Ru/Al2O3 for ozonation of dimethyl phthalate in aqueous solution. Chemosphere, 66, 145-150.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Tugba Olmez-hanci

İdil Arslan-alaton

Ceren Imren This is me

Publication Date August 1, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Olmez-hanci, T., Arslan-alaton, İ., & Imren, C. (2018). Performance of the Persulfate/UV-C Process for the Treatment of Dimethyl Phthalate from Aquatic Environments. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 5(2), 189-196. https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.425436