Research Article
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Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 48 - 55, 26.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.1338236

Abstract

References

  • Aydoğdu, A. (2016). Advanced Modeling and Data Assimilation Methodsfor the Design of Sustained Marine MonitoringNetworks. PhD, Universita Ca'Foscari Venezia, Venice, Italy.
  • Aydoğdu, A., Pinardi, N., Özsoy, E., Danabasoglu, G., Gürses, Ö., Karspeck, A. (2018). Circulation of the Turkish Straits System under interannual atmospheric forcing. Ocean Science, 14(5), 999-1019.
  • Beşiktepe, Ş.T., Sur, H.İ., Özsoy, E., Latif, M.A., Oǧuz, T., Ünlüata, Ü. (1994). The circulation and hydrography of the Marmara Sea. Progress in Oceanography, 34(4), 285–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6611(94)90018-3
  • Beşiktepe, Ş.T. (2003). Density currents in the two-layer flow: an example of Dardanelles outflow. Oceanologica Acta, 26(3), 243-253.
  • Chiggiato, J., Jarosz, E., Book, J.W., Dykes, J., Torrisi, L., Poulain, P.M., Gerin, R., Horstmann, J., Beşiktepe, Ş.T. (2012). Dynamics of the circulation in the Sea of Marmara: numerical modeling experiments and observations from the Turkish straits system experiment. Ocean Dynamics 62, 139–159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-011-0485-5
  • Cushman-Roisin, B., Asplin, L., Svendsen, H. (1994). Upwelling in broad fjords. Continental Shelf Research, 14(15), 1701-1721.
  • Dorofeyev VL, Oguz T, Sukhikh LI, Knysh VV, Kubryakov AI, Korotaev GK. 2012. Modeling long-term changes of the Black Sea ecosystem characteristics. Ocean Science Discussions. 9:2039–2080. doi:10.5194/osd-9-2039-2012.
  • Ekman, V.W. (1905). On the influence of the Earth's rotation on ocean-currents. Ark.Mat.Astr.Fys.2(11). Gazioğlu, C., Gökaşan, E., Algan, O. Yücel, Z. Y., Tok, B., Doğan, E., (2002). Morphologic features of the Marmara Sea from multi-beam data, Mar. Geol., 190(1– 2): 397–420.
  • Gönenç, I.E., Wolflin, J.P. (2004). Coastal Lagoons: Ecosystem Processes and Modeling for Sustainable Use and Development, CRC Press,
  • Göktürk, O.M., Çevik, S., Toque, N., Hordoir, R., Nagy, H., Özsoy, E. (2014). Effects of the Etesian wind regime on coastal upwelling, floods and forest fires in the seas of the old world. Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 117.
  • Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Biavati, G., Horányi, A., Muñoz Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Rozum, I., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Dee, D., Thépaut, J-N. (2023): ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1940 to present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS), https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.adbb2d47
  • Ilicak, M., Federico, I., Barletta, I., Mutlu, S., Karan, H., Ciliberti, S.A., Clementi, E., Coppini, G., Pinardi, N. (2021). Modeling of the Turkish Strait System using a high resolution unstructured grid ocean circulation model. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 9(7), 769.
  • Kämpf, J., Chapman, P. (2016). Upwelling systems of the world (pp. 31-42). Springer International Publishing Switzerland.
  • Müftüoğlu, A.E. (2008). Marmara Denizi Haliç ve Körfezlerinin hidrodinamik yapısı. PhD, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Oğuz, T. (2017). Impacts of a buoyant strait outflow on the plankton production characteristics of an adjacent semi-enclosed basin: A case study of the Marmara Sea. Journal of Marine Systems, 173, 90-100.
  • Özsoy, E., Altıok, H. (2016). A review of hydrography of the Turkish Straits System. The Sea of Marmara–Marine Biodiversity, Fisheries, Conservation and Governance, Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TÜDAV) Publication, 42, 13-42.
  • Pinardi, N., Moroni, F., Özsoy, E. (2010). Marsili's first scientific oceanographic cruise (1679-1680) and exposition of Bosphorus density currents. Proceedings of The Symposium "The Marmara Sea". 1-5. TÜDAV.
  • Sannino, G., Sözer, A., Özsoy, E. (2017). A high-resolution modelling study of the Turkish Straits System. Ocean Dynamics, 67, 397-432.
  • Sayın, E., Eronat, C., Uçkaç, Ş., Beşiktepe, Ş.T. (2011). Hydrography of the eastern part of the Aegean Sea during the Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT). Journal of Marine Systems, 88(4), 502-515.
  • Suursaar, Ü. (2021). Winter upwelling in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. Oceanologia, 63(3), 356-369. Tuğrul, S., Sunay, M., Baştürk, Ö., Balkaş, T.I. (1986). The Izmit Bay Case Study. The role of the oceans as a waste disposal option, 243-274.
  • Turunçoğlu, U.U., Önol, B., Özcan, C. (2018). Analysis of Aegean Sea coastal upwelling system using in-situ visualization integrated Regional Earth System Model (RegESM). In EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts (p. 9835).
  • Tükenmez, E., Altıok, H. (2022). Upwelling Index Calculations in the Aegean Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 22(12).
  • Tyrlis, E., Lelieveld, J. (2013). Climatology and dynamics of the summer Etesian winds over the eastern Mediterranean. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 70(11), 3374-3396.
  • Ünlülata, U., Oğuz, T., Latif, M.A., Özsoy, E. (1990). On the physical oceanography of the Turkish straits. The Physical Oceanography of Sea Straits, 25–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0677-8_2

Coastal upwellings in the Sea of Marmara

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 48 - 55, 26.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.1338236

Abstract

Based on in situ measurements between 2017 and 2022 in the Sea of Marmara, three "warm and saline" upwelling events were observed during autumn and winter scientific expeditions. These observations were crucial and worth mentioning since the surface salinity value increased and even reached the lower layer value, which is ~38 psu, during the process. Other characteristics of the lower layer were also detected, either as they are or in between upper- and lower-layer values due to mixing. After analysing the effects of coastal upwellings on the upper layer, it was concluded that coastal upwelling, which has been underestimated for a long time, has to be well studied because it could be another reason or way of nutrient enrichment in the upper layer and salinity increase in winters. This phenomenon also has huge potential to differ the upper layer characteristics with a rise in frequency. Therefore, it is advised that coastal upwelling should always be considered with other well-known features during marine studies and for future engineering solutions in the basin.

References

  • Aydoğdu, A. (2016). Advanced Modeling and Data Assimilation Methodsfor the Design of Sustained Marine MonitoringNetworks. PhD, Universita Ca'Foscari Venezia, Venice, Italy.
  • Aydoğdu, A., Pinardi, N., Özsoy, E., Danabasoglu, G., Gürses, Ö., Karspeck, A. (2018). Circulation of the Turkish Straits System under interannual atmospheric forcing. Ocean Science, 14(5), 999-1019.
  • Beşiktepe, Ş.T., Sur, H.İ., Özsoy, E., Latif, M.A., Oǧuz, T., Ünlüata, Ü. (1994). The circulation and hydrography of the Marmara Sea. Progress in Oceanography, 34(4), 285–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6611(94)90018-3
  • Beşiktepe, Ş.T. (2003). Density currents in the two-layer flow: an example of Dardanelles outflow. Oceanologica Acta, 26(3), 243-253.
  • Chiggiato, J., Jarosz, E., Book, J.W., Dykes, J., Torrisi, L., Poulain, P.M., Gerin, R., Horstmann, J., Beşiktepe, Ş.T. (2012). Dynamics of the circulation in the Sea of Marmara: numerical modeling experiments and observations from the Turkish straits system experiment. Ocean Dynamics 62, 139–159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-011-0485-5
  • Cushman-Roisin, B., Asplin, L., Svendsen, H. (1994). Upwelling in broad fjords. Continental Shelf Research, 14(15), 1701-1721.
  • Dorofeyev VL, Oguz T, Sukhikh LI, Knysh VV, Kubryakov AI, Korotaev GK. 2012. Modeling long-term changes of the Black Sea ecosystem characteristics. Ocean Science Discussions. 9:2039–2080. doi:10.5194/osd-9-2039-2012.
  • Ekman, V.W. (1905). On the influence of the Earth's rotation on ocean-currents. Ark.Mat.Astr.Fys.2(11). Gazioğlu, C., Gökaşan, E., Algan, O. Yücel, Z. Y., Tok, B., Doğan, E., (2002). Morphologic features of the Marmara Sea from multi-beam data, Mar. Geol., 190(1– 2): 397–420.
  • Gönenç, I.E., Wolflin, J.P. (2004). Coastal Lagoons: Ecosystem Processes and Modeling for Sustainable Use and Development, CRC Press,
  • Göktürk, O.M., Çevik, S., Toque, N., Hordoir, R., Nagy, H., Özsoy, E. (2014). Effects of the Etesian wind regime on coastal upwelling, floods and forest fires in the seas of the old world. Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 117.
  • Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Biavati, G., Horányi, A., Muñoz Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Rozum, I., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Dee, D., Thépaut, J-N. (2023): ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1940 to present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS), https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.adbb2d47
  • Ilicak, M., Federico, I., Barletta, I., Mutlu, S., Karan, H., Ciliberti, S.A., Clementi, E., Coppini, G., Pinardi, N. (2021). Modeling of the Turkish Strait System using a high resolution unstructured grid ocean circulation model. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 9(7), 769.
  • Kämpf, J., Chapman, P. (2016). Upwelling systems of the world (pp. 31-42). Springer International Publishing Switzerland.
  • Müftüoğlu, A.E. (2008). Marmara Denizi Haliç ve Körfezlerinin hidrodinamik yapısı. PhD, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Oğuz, T. (2017). Impacts of a buoyant strait outflow on the plankton production characteristics of an adjacent semi-enclosed basin: A case study of the Marmara Sea. Journal of Marine Systems, 173, 90-100.
  • Özsoy, E., Altıok, H. (2016). A review of hydrography of the Turkish Straits System. The Sea of Marmara–Marine Biodiversity, Fisheries, Conservation and Governance, Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TÜDAV) Publication, 42, 13-42.
  • Pinardi, N., Moroni, F., Özsoy, E. (2010). Marsili's first scientific oceanographic cruise (1679-1680) and exposition of Bosphorus density currents. Proceedings of The Symposium "The Marmara Sea". 1-5. TÜDAV.
  • Sannino, G., Sözer, A., Özsoy, E. (2017). A high-resolution modelling study of the Turkish Straits System. Ocean Dynamics, 67, 397-432.
  • Sayın, E., Eronat, C., Uçkaç, Ş., Beşiktepe, Ş.T. (2011). Hydrography of the eastern part of the Aegean Sea during the Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT). Journal of Marine Systems, 88(4), 502-515.
  • Suursaar, Ü. (2021). Winter upwelling in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. Oceanologia, 63(3), 356-369. Tuğrul, S., Sunay, M., Baştürk, Ö., Balkaş, T.I. (1986). The Izmit Bay Case Study. The role of the oceans as a waste disposal option, 243-274.
  • Turunçoğlu, U.U., Önol, B., Özcan, C. (2018). Analysis of Aegean Sea coastal upwelling system using in-situ visualization integrated Regional Earth System Model (RegESM). In EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts (p. 9835).
  • Tükenmez, E., Altıok, H. (2022). Upwelling Index Calculations in the Aegean Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 22(12).
  • Tyrlis, E., Lelieveld, J. (2013). Climatology and dynamics of the summer Etesian winds over the eastern Mediterranean. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 70(11), 3374-3396.
  • Ünlülata, U., Oğuz, T., Latif, M.A., Özsoy, E. (1990). On the physical oceanography of the Turkish straits. The Physical Oceanography of Sea Straits, 25–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0677-8_2
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Physical Geography and Environmental Geology (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Sabri Mutlu 0000-0001-9222-3102

Ersan Kuzyaka This is me 0000-0002-3356-5679

Hakan Atabay 0000-0003-2066-2899

Abdulkadir Topal 0000-0002-8280-8323

Early Pub Date November 27, 2023
Publication Date December 26, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 10 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Mutlu, S., Kuzyaka, E., Atabay, H., Topal, A. (2023). Coastal upwellings in the Sea of Marmara. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 10(4), 48-55. https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.1338236

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