Salivary Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli Levels as Indicators of Dental Caries Development in Iranian Patients with Systemic Sclerosis

Najafi, Sepideh; Mardani, Maryam; Motamedifar, Mohammad; Nazarinia, Mohammad Ali; Hadadi, Mahtab

doi:10.30699/ijmm.16.4.350

year 16, Issue 4 (July - August 2022) Iran J Med Microbiol 2022, 16(4): 350-356 | Back to browse issues page

‎ 10.30699/ijmm.16.4.350

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Najafi S, Mardani M, Motamedifar M, Nazarinia M A, Hadadi M. Salivary Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli Levels as Indicators of Dental Caries Development in Iranian Patients with Systemic Sclerosis. Iran J Med Microbiol 2022; 16 (4) :350-356
URL: http://ijmm.ir/article-1-1500-en.html

Salivary Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli Levels as Indicators of Dental Caries Development in Iranian Patients with Systemic Sclerosis

Sepideh Najafi¹

, Maryam Mardani

², Mohammad Motamedifar³

, Mohammad Ali Nazarinia⁴

, Mahtab Hadadi⁵

1- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
2- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran , mardanim@sums.ac.ir
3- Department of Medical Microbiology, Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
4- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
5- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

Abstract: (2886 Views)

Background and Objective: Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune disorder with orofacial manifestations, including tooth decay. Lactobacilli can inhibit biofilm formation and growth of cariogenic pathogens, such as Streptococcus mutans. We aimed to assess the salivary levels of S. mutans and Lactobacilli as indicators of dental caries development in patients with systemic sclerosis.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 80 patients with systemic sclerosis were assigned into 2 groups, anti-centromere antibody (ACA) positive (n=42) and ACA-negative (n=38). Besides, 80 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals were enrolled as control. Unstimulated saliva was collected in sterile tubes. Blood agar and tomato juice agar were used to cultivate S. mutans and Lactobacilli. The number of colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) was calculated and compared between the groups.
Results: S. mutans in patients (median=1.6×107 CFU/mL; interquartile range (IQR): 1.1–3.1 ×107 CFU/mL) was significantly higher than control group (median=5.1×106 CFU/mL; IQR: 5.1–7.9 ×106 CFU/mL) (P<0.0001, Mann-Whitney U-test); however, the median Lactobacilli levels was similar between these groups (3.4×106 vs. 2.2×106 CFU/mL; P=0.095). The median concentrations of S. mutans (1.3×107 vs. 2.4×107 CFU/mL; P=0.342) and Lactobacilli (4.1×106 CFU/mL vs. 3.1×106 CFU/mL; P=0.515) in the ACA-positive and ACA-negative patients had no significant differences. There were no significant correlation coefficients between S. mutans and Lactobacilli levels in the study groups (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Our findings suggest the higher levels of salivary S. mutans in patients with systemic sclerosis might increase the likelihood of dental caries over time; however, it was not affected by the ACA status.

Keywords: Lactobacilli, Saliva, Streptococcus mutans, Systemic sclerosis

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Type of Study: Original Research Article | Subject: Oral Microbiology
Received: 2021/09/25 | Accepted: 2022/03/5 | ePublished: 2022/05/25

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