Evaluating the Relationship Between Tinnitus Intensity, Noise Sensitivity, Health Anxiety and Depression in Adult Individuals with Tinnitus Complaints
Abstract
Purpose: Evaluating the relationship between tinnitus intensity, noise sensitivity, health anxiety and depression in adult individuals with tinnitus complaints.
Material and Methods:190 individuals aged 19 and over having tinnitus complaints for at least one year were included in the study. In the study, the General Information Form (GIF), Tinnitus Disability Questionnaire (TDQ), Weinstein Noise Sensitivity Scale (WNSS), Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI) and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale Short Form (DASS-21) were used and delievered to the participants online. SPSS 22.0 was used for the statistical analyses.
Results: The mean scores of individuals with tinnitus complaint were 49.73±29.40 for TDQ, 56.82±17.94 for WNSS, 19.96±13.90 for DASS-21, 18.33±9.69 for HAI. Tinnitus intensity of 28.6% of people with noise sensitivity was very mild, 12.7% was very severe. A positive correlation was found between the total score of the TDQ and the scores of the DASS-21. A negative correlation was found between the WNSS scores and the total score of the TDQ. There was a statistically significant difference between the upper 1/3, lower 1/3 and middle classification values of the WNSS total scores and the TDQ classification groups. A positive correlation was found between the total score of the TDQ and the HAI and its sub-dimensions (p<0.05).
Conclusions: There was a correlation between the intensity of tinnitus perceived by individuals and depression and health anxiety. A negative relationship was found in noise sensitivity with tinnitus intensity and depression. There is a positive relationship between the classification values of the noise sensitivity groups and the tinnitus intensity classification groups. Considering our findings, the intervention is thought to affect the process for tinnitus positively. Prospective controlled studies are needed to investigate the causality relationship.
References
- 1. Aarhus L, Engdahl B, Tambs K, et al. Association between childhood hearing disorders and tinnitus in adulthood. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015; 141(11):983-89.
- 2. Kuk FK, Tyler RS, Russell D, Jordan H. The psychometric properties of a tinnitus handicap questionnaire. Ear and Hearing 1990;11(6):434-45.
- 3. Bartels H, Middel BL, Van Der Laan BF, et al. The additive effect of co-occurring anxiety and depression on health status, quality of life and coping strategies in help-seeking tinnitus sufferers. Ear and Hearing 2008;29:947-56.
- 4. Zoger S, Svedlund J, Holgers KM. Psychiatric disorders in tinnitus patients without severe hearing impairment: 24 month follow-up of patients at an audiological clinic. International Journal of Audiology 2001;40(3):133-140.
- 5. Akyıldız N. Ear Diseases and Microsurgery II. Ankara, Scientific Medical Publisher 2002:67-77.
- 6. Eğilmez OK, Kalcıoğlu MT, Kökten N. Questionnaire methods used in psychosomatic evaluation of tinnitus. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat 2014;24(5):303-10.
- 7. Hogan B. Coping with health anxiety. Improving Access to Psychological Therapies 2010:1-24.
- 8. Langguth B, Landgrebe M, Kleinjung T, et al. Tinnitus and depression. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry 2011; 12 (7):489–500.
- 9. Iwata O. The relationship of noise sensitivity to health and personality. Japanese Psychological Research 1984;26(2):75-81.
- 10. Langguth B, Hajak G, Kleinjung T, et al. Tinnitus severity, depression, and the big five personality traits. Progress in Brain Research 2007;12:221–25.
- 11. Aksoy S, Fırat Y, Alpar R. The tinnitus handicap inventory: a study of validity and reliability. Int Tinnitus J 2007;13:94-8.
- 12. Keskin M. Comparison of the subjects with and without noise sensitivity, as determined by the Turkish version of Weinstein noise sensitivity scale following its adaptation into Turkish. M.Sc. thesis, Gazi University, Ankara, 2015.
- 13. Aydemir Ö, Kirpinar I, Sati T, et al. Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Health Anxiety Inventory Archives of Neuropsychiatry 2013;50(4):323-31.
- 14. Yılmaz Ö, Boz H, Arslan A. The validity and reliability of depression stress and anxiety scale Turkish short form. Research of Financal Economic and Social Studies 2017;2(2):78-91.
- 15. Şereflican M, Tuman TC, Çakır U, Yurttaş V. The relationship between perceived tinnitus handicap level and anxiety and depression symptoms in tinnitus patients. Bozok Medical Journal 2016;1(1):51-4.
- 16. Baguley D, McFerran D, Hall D. Tinnitus. The Lancet 2013; 382(9904):1600–1607.
- 17. Davis A, Rafaie EA. Medical and surgical evaluation and management of tinnitus. In: Taylor R, editors. Tinnitus Handbook. San Diego, USA: Singular Pub.; 2000: 221-43.
- 18. Torun MT, Kanmaz L, Tuncel Ü. et al. The relationship between demographic and audiometric parameters and tinnitus handicap inventory in subjective tinnitus patients. Haydarpasa Numune Medical Journal 2015;55(2):89-95.
- 19. Fioretti AB, Fusetti M, Eibenstein A. Association between sleep disorders, hyperacusis and tinnitus: evaluation with tinnitus questionnaires. Noise and Health 2013;15(63):91.
- 20. Leaver AM, Seydell-Greenwald A, Turesky T, et al. Cortico-limbic morphology separates tinnitus from tinnitus distress. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience 2012; 6: 21.
- 21. Krog NH, Engdahl BO, Tambs K. The association between tinnitus and mental health in a general population sample: results from the Hunt study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2010;69(3):289-298.
- 22. Heath I. Tinnitus and health anxiety. British Journal of Nursing 1994;3(10):502-5.
- 23. Hiller W, Janca A, Burke KC. Association between tinnitus and somatoform disorders. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 1997;43(6):613-624.
- 24. McCormack A, Edmondson-Jones M, Fortnum H, et al. Investigating the association between tinnitus severity and symptoms of depression and anxiety, while controlling for neuroticism, in a large middle-aged UK population. Int J Audiol. 2015;54(9):599-604.
- 25. Gomaa MA, Elmagd MH, Elbadry MM, Kader RM. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale in patients with tinnitus and hearing loss. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;271(8):2177-84.
Tinnitus Şikayeti Olan Yetişkin Bireylerde Tinnitus Şiddeti, Gürültü Hassasiyeti, Sağlık Anksiyetesi ve Depresyon Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi
Abstract
Amaç: Tinnitus şikayeti olan yetişkin bireylerde tinnitus şiddeti, gürültü hassasiyeti, sağlık anksiyetesi ve depresyon arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesidir.
Method: Web tabanlı (online) yöntemle gerçekleştirilen araştırmaya en az bir yıldır tinnitus şikayeti olan 19 yaş ve üzeri 190 birey dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmada araştırmacı tarafından oluşturulan Genel Bilgi Formu (GBF), Tinnitus Engellilik Anketi (TEA), Weinstein Gürültü Hassasiyet Ölçeği (WGHÖ), Sağlık Anksiyetesi Envanteri (SAE) ve Depresyon Anksiyete ve Stres Ölçeği Kısa Formu (DASS-21) kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılımda gönüllülük kriteri esas alınmıştır. İstatistiksel yöntem olarak çalışmada elde edilen veriler SPSS 22.0 ile analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Tinnitus yakınması olan bireylerin TEA ortalama skoru 49,73 ± 29,40, WGHÖ ortalama skoru 56,82 ± 17,94, DASS-21 ortalama skoru 19,96 ± 13,90 ve SAE ortalama skoru 18,33 ± 9,69’dur. Gürültü hassasiyeti olan kişilerin %28,6’sının (n:18) tinnitus şiddeti çok hafif seviyesinde, %12,7’sinin (n:8) çok şiddetli seviyesindedir. TEA total puanı ile DASS-21 puanları arasında pozitif korelasyon bulunmuştur. WGHÖ puanları ile TEA toplam puanı arasında negatif yönde bir korelasyon saptanmıştır. WGHÖ toplam puanlarının üst 1/3, alt 1/3 ve orta sınıflama değerleri ile TEA sınıflama grupları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark vardır. TEA total puanı ile SAE ve alt boyutları arasında pozitif korelasyon bulunmuştur (p<0,05).
Sonuç: Bireylerin algıladığı tinnitus şiddeti ile depresyon ve sağlık anksiyetesi arasında pozitif ilişki bulunmuştur. Gürültü hassasiyeti ile tinnitus şiddeti ve depresyon arasında negatif ilişki saptanmıştır. Gürültü hassasiyeti gruplarının sınıflama değerleri ile tinnitus şiddeti sınıflama grupları arasında pozitif ilişki gözlenmektedir. Çalışma bulgularımızın göz önünde bulundurulmasının tinnitusa yönelik müdahale sürecini olumlu yönde etkileyeceği düşünülmektedir. Nedensellik ilişkisinin araştırılabilmesi için prospektif kontrollü çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
References
- 1. Aarhus L, Engdahl B, Tambs K, et al. Association between childhood hearing disorders and tinnitus in adulthood. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015; 141(11):983-89.
- 2. Kuk FK, Tyler RS, Russell D, Jordan H. The psychometric properties of a tinnitus handicap questionnaire. Ear and Hearing 1990;11(6):434-45.
- 3. Bartels H, Middel BL, Van Der Laan BF, et al. The additive effect of co-occurring anxiety and depression on health status, quality of life and coping strategies in help-seeking tinnitus sufferers. Ear and Hearing 2008;29:947-56.
- 4. Zoger S, Svedlund J, Holgers KM. Psychiatric disorders in tinnitus patients without severe hearing impairment: 24 month follow-up of patients at an audiological clinic. International Journal of Audiology 2001;40(3):133-140.
- 5. Akyıldız N. Ear Diseases and Microsurgery II. Ankara, Scientific Medical Publisher 2002:67-77.
- 6. Eğilmez OK, Kalcıoğlu MT, Kökten N. Questionnaire methods used in psychosomatic evaluation of tinnitus. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat 2014;24(5):303-10.
- 7. Hogan B. Coping with health anxiety. Improving Access to Psychological Therapies 2010:1-24.
- 8. Langguth B, Landgrebe M, Kleinjung T, et al. Tinnitus and depression. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry 2011; 12 (7):489–500.
- 9. Iwata O. The relationship of noise sensitivity to health and personality. Japanese Psychological Research 1984;26(2):75-81.
- 10. Langguth B, Hajak G, Kleinjung T, et al. Tinnitus severity, depression, and the big five personality traits. Progress in Brain Research 2007;12:221–25.
- 11. Aksoy S, Fırat Y, Alpar R. The tinnitus handicap inventory: a study of validity and reliability. Int Tinnitus J 2007;13:94-8.
- 12. Keskin M. Comparison of the subjects with and without noise sensitivity, as determined by the Turkish version of Weinstein noise sensitivity scale following its adaptation into Turkish. M.Sc. thesis, Gazi University, Ankara, 2015.
- 13. Aydemir Ö, Kirpinar I, Sati T, et al. Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Health Anxiety Inventory Archives of Neuropsychiatry 2013;50(4):323-31.
- 14. Yılmaz Ö, Boz H, Arslan A. The validity and reliability of depression stress and anxiety scale Turkish short form. Research of Financal Economic and Social Studies 2017;2(2):78-91.
- 15. Şereflican M, Tuman TC, Çakır U, Yurttaş V. The relationship between perceived tinnitus handicap level and anxiety and depression symptoms in tinnitus patients. Bozok Medical Journal 2016;1(1):51-4.
- 16. Baguley D, McFerran D, Hall D. Tinnitus. The Lancet 2013; 382(9904):1600–1607.
- 17. Davis A, Rafaie EA. Medical and surgical evaluation and management of tinnitus. In: Taylor R, editors. Tinnitus Handbook. San Diego, USA: Singular Pub.; 2000: 221-43.
- 18. Torun MT, Kanmaz L, Tuncel Ü. et al. The relationship between demographic and audiometric parameters and tinnitus handicap inventory in subjective tinnitus patients. Haydarpasa Numune Medical Journal 2015;55(2):89-95.
- 19. Fioretti AB, Fusetti M, Eibenstein A. Association between sleep disorders, hyperacusis and tinnitus: evaluation with tinnitus questionnaires. Noise and Health 2013;15(63):91.
- 20. Leaver AM, Seydell-Greenwald A, Turesky T, et al. Cortico-limbic morphology separates tinnitus from tinnitus distress. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience 2012; 6: 21.
- 21. Krog NH, Engdahl BO, Tambs K. The association between tinnitus and mental health in a general population sample: results from the Hunt study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2010;69(3):289-298.
- 22. Heath I. Tinnitus and health anxiety. British Journal of Nursing 1994;3(10):502-5.
- 23. Hiller W, Janca A, Burke KC. Association between tinnitus and somatoform disorders. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 1997;43(6):613-624.
- 24. McCormack A, Edmondson-Jones M, Fortnum H, et al. Investigating the association between tinnitus severity and symptoms of depression and anxiety, while controlling for neuroticism, in a large middle-aged UK population. Int J Audiol. 2015;54(9):599-604.
- 25. Gomaa MA, Elmagd MH, Elbadry MM, Kader RM. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale in patients with tinnitus and hearing loss. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;271(8):2177-84.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | May 29, 2021 |
| Acceptance Date | April 8, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 Volume: 5 Issue: 2 |
