Fiziksel Yetersizlik, Umutsuzluk, Parasal Problem ve Sosyal Sermayenin Yalnızlık Hissi Üzerine Etkisi
Öz
Bu çalışmanın temel
amacı Adana’da yaşayan bireylerin yalnızlık hissine etki eden en önemli
değişkenleri araştırmaktır. 2019 Ocak-Şubat aylarında yüz yüze yapılan basit rassal
örnekleme ile belirlenen, Adana’da yaşayan 980 yetişkine; ekonomik, demografik,
psikolojik, sosyolojik durumlarını ortaya çıkaracak 70 soruluk “Yaşam Kalite
Analiz Anketi” uygulanmıştır. Açıklayıcı değişkenler içerisinde gelir, fiziksel
yetersizlik, umutsuzluk, parasal problem ve insana güvenin yalnızlık hissini
anlamlı derecede etkilemesi beklenmektedir. Bağımlı değişken olan “yalnızlık
hissi” iki değer alan kategorik bir değişken olması nedeni ile uygun
ekonometrik model ikili lojistik regresyon modeli olarak belirlenmiştir.
İncelemede ekonomik, demografik, psikolojik, sosyolojik durumu gösteren ve
yalnızlık hissini etkilediği düşünülen tüm değişkenler kullanılarak çok sayıda
model oluşturulmuş ve en anlamlı bulunan değişkenler üzerinden ikili lojisitk
regresyon modeli oluşturulup yorumlanmıştır. Stata 14.2 programı yardımı ile
marjinal etkiler hesaplanarak incelenen değişkenlerin yalnızlık hissi
üzerindeki etki seviyeleri açıklanmıştır. Analiz sonucunda: 1) Gelir ve
fiziksel yetersizlik yalnızlık hissini açıklamada en anlamlı değişkenler olarak
elde edilmiştir 2) Demografik değişkenlerden; yaş, cinsiyet ve gelir; yalnızlık
hissi üzerine etkisi olan değişkenler olarak belirlenmiştir 3) Sosyal sermaye
değişkenleri içinden arkadaş ve aile bireyleri ile görüşme sıklığından çok
insana güven düzeyi yalnızlık hissini açıklamada daha etkili değişken olarak
bulunmuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Yalnızlık Fiziksel yetersizlik Sosyal sermaye Lojistik regresyon Adana
Destekleyen Kurum
ÇÜ BAP
Proje Numarası
10954
Teşekkür
KONGRE DÜZENLEYEREK BİZLERE DESTEK VEREN OSMANİYE KORKUT ATA ÜNİVERSİTESİ İŞLETME BÖLÜM ELEMANLARINA EMEKLERİNDEN DOLAYI TEŞEKKÜR ETMEK İSTERİZ.
Kaynakça
- Andersson, L. (1998). Loneliness research and interventions: A review of the literature. Aging & Mental Health, 2(4), 264-274.
- Bekhet, A. K., Zauszniewski, J. A. ve Nakhla, W. E. (2008). Loneliness: A concept analysis. Nursing Forum, 43(4), 207-213.
- Cacioppo, J. T. ve Patrick, W. (2008). Loneliness: Human nature and the need for social connection. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
- Cacioppo, J. T., Hawkley, L. C., and Thisted, R. A. (2010). Perceived social isolation makes me sad: 5-year cross-lagged analyses of loneliness and depressive symptomatology in the Chicago health, aging, and social relations study. Psychol. Aging, 25, 453–463.
- Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. The American Journal of Sociology, 94, S95-S120.
- Çeçen, A. R. ve Cenkseven, F. (2007). Psychological well-being in predicting loneliness among university students. Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16, 109-118.
- Danış, M. Z. (2009). Türkiye’de yaşlı nüfusun yalnızlık ve yoksulluk durumları ve sosyal hizmet uygulamaları açısından bazı çıkarımlar. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 20(1), 67-83.
- Dill, J. C. ve Anderson, C. A. (1999). The interactional nature of depression: Advances in interpersonal approaches. (T. Joiner, and J. C. Coyne, Eds.), Loneliness, Shyness, And Depression: The Etiology And Interrelationships Of Everday Problems In Living, (p. 93-125). Washington DC: APA.
- Ernst, J. M. ve Cacioppo, J. T. (1999). Lonely hearts: Psychological perspectives on loneliness. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 8(1), 1-22.
- Hawkley, L. C. ve Cacioppo, J. T. (2009). Loneliness. (H.R.S. Sprecher Ed.), Encyclopedia of human relationships (p. 985–990). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Hawkley, L. C., Thisted, R. A., Masi, C. M. ve Cacioppo, J. T. (2010). Loneliness predicts increased blood pressure: 5-year cross-lagged analyses in middle-aged and older adults. Psychol. Aging, 25, 132–141.
- Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., Baker, M., Harris, T. ve Stephenson, D. (2015). Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: a meta-analytic review. Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 10, 227–237.
- Karagöz, Y. (2018). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri ve yayın etiği. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
- Kawachi, I. ve Berkman, L. F. (2001). Social ties and mental health. J. Urban Health, 78(3), 458-467.
- Kıral, E. ve Mavruk, C. (2017). Regional unemployment disparities in Turkey. Finans, Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, 54(634), 107-134.
- Lauder, W., Mummery, K., Jones, M., and Caperchione, C. (2006). A comparison of health behaviours in lonely and non-lonely populations. Psychol. Health Med., 11, 233–245.
- Pehlivan, S., Ovayolu, Ö., Ovayolu N., Sevinc, A. ve Camcı, C. (2012). Relationship between hopelessness, loneliness, and perceived social support from family in turkish patients with cancer. Support Care Cancer, 20, 733–739.
- Perlman, D. (1990). Age differences in loneliness: A meta-analysis. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED326767).
- Pradhan, G. (2016). Social integration and its correlation with loneliness. Miami University, Population and Social Gerontology. 04.03.2019 tarihinde https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=miami1470270402&disposition=inline adresinden erişilmiştir.
- Radloff, L. (1982). Data from the center for epidemiologic studies. Analysis of unpublished data, National Institute of Mental Health.
- Rokach, A. (1988). Theoretical approaches to loneliness: From a univariate to a multidimensional experience. Review of Existential Psychology and Psychiatry, 19, 225-254.
- Rokach, A. (2012). Loneliness updated: An introduction. The Journal of Psychology, 146(1–2), 1–6.
- Rokach, A. (2014). Loneliness of the marginalized. Open Journal of Depression, 3, 147-153.
- Rotenberg, K. J., Addis, N., Betts, L. R., Corrigan, A., Fox, C., Hobson ,…,Misra, N. (2009). Loneliness, depression and sociability in old age. Ind Psychiatry J. 18(1), 51–55.
- Stanfeld, S. (1999). Social determinants of health. (M. Marmot, and R. Wilkinson Eds.), Social Support and Social Cohesion (p. 155-178). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Valk, I. V. D. (2017). Social capital as a solution to mental health problems: The effects of social capital on depression and loneliness via the effect of social cohesion and civic engagement. Master Thesis, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- Valtorta, N. K., Kanaan, M., Gilbody, S., Ronzi, S., and Hanratty, B. (2016). Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for coronary heart disease and stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal observational studies. Heart, 102, 1009–1016.
- Weiss, R. S. (1973). Loneliness: The experience of emotional and social isolation. Cambridge: MIT Press.
- Wenger, G., Davies, R., Shahtahmasebi, S. ve Scott, A. (1996). Social isolation and loneliness in old age: Review and model refinement. Ageing and Society, 16(3), 333-358.
- Williams, R. (2012). Using the margins command to estimate and interpret adjusted predictions and marginal effects. The Stata Journal, 12(2), 308-331.
- Zavaleta, D., Samuel, K. ve China, M. (2014). Social Isolation: A conceptual and measurement proposal. OPHI Working Paper No. 67, Oxford.
The Effect of Physical Disability, Hopelessness, Monetary Problem and Social Capital on the Feeling of Loneliness
Öz
The main purpose of this study is to investigate the
most important variables that affect the loneliness of individuals living in
Adana. In January-February 2019, a 70-question Life Quality Analysis Survey
conducted by simple random sampling to reveal economic, demographic,
psychological and sociological status was applied to 980 adults living in
Adana. Among the explanatory variables, income, physical disability,
hopelessness, financial problems and trust in human beings are expected to
significantly affect the feeling of loneliness. As the dependent variable
“loneliness” is a categorical variable with two values, the appropriate
econometric model is determined as Binary Logistic Regression Model. In the
investigation, a large number of models were formed by using all variables
showing economic, demographic, psychological, sociological status and thought
to affect the feeling of loneliness, and a binary logistic regression model was
created and interpreted on the most significant variables. With the help of
Stata 14.2 program, marginal effects were calculated and the effect levels of
the variables on loneliness were explained. As a result of the analysis: 1)
Income and physical disability were obtained as the most significant variables
explaining the feeling of loneliness; 2) Demographic variables such as age,
gender and income have an effect on the feeling of loneliness; 3) Among social
capital variables, the level of trust in people rather than the frequency of
seeing friends and family members was found to be more effective in explaining
the feeling of loneliness.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Loneliness Physical disability Social capital Logistic regression Adana
Proje Numarası
10954
Kaynakça
- Andersson, L. (1998). Loneliness research and interventions: A review of the literature. Aging & Mental Health, 2(4), 264-274.
- Bekhet, A. K., Zauszniewski, J. A. ve Nakhla, W. E. (2008). Loneliness: A concept analysis. Nursing Forum, 43(4), 207-213.
- Cacioppo, J. T. ve Patrick, W. (2008). Loneliness: Human nature and the need for social connection. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
- Cacioppo, J. T., Hawkley, L. C., and Thisted, R. A. (2010). Perceived social isolation makes me sad: 5-year cross-lagged analyses of loneliness and depressive symptomatology in the Chicago health, aging, and social relations study. Psychol. Aging, 25, 453–463.
- Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. The American Journal of Sociology, 94, S95-S120.
- Çeçen, A. R. ve Cenkseven, F. (2007). Psychological well-being in predicting loneliness among university students. Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16, 109-118.
- Danış, M. Z. (2009). Türkiye’de yaşlı nüfusun yalnızlık ve yoksulluk durumları ve sosyal hizmet uygulamaları açısından bazı çıkarımlar. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 20(1), 67-83.
- Dill, J. C. ve Anderson, C. A. (1999). The interactional nature of depression: Advances in interpersonal approaches. (T. Joiner, and J. C. Coyne, Eds.), Loneliness, Shyness, And Depression: The Etiology And Interrelationships Of Everday Problems In Living, (p. 93-125). Washington DC: APA.
- Ernst, J. M. ve Cacioppo, J. T. (1999). Lonely hearts: Psychological perspectives on loneliness. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 8(1), 1-22.
- Hawkley, L. C. ve Cacioppo, J. T. (2009). Loneliness. (H.R.S. Sprecher Ed.), Encyclopedia of human relationships (p. 985–990). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Hawkley, L. C., Thisted, R. A., Masi, C. M. ve Cacioppo, J. T. (2010). Loneliness predicts increased blood pressure: 5-year cross-lagged analyses in middle-aged and older adults. Psychol. Aging, 25, 132–141.
- Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., Baker, M., Harris, T. ve Stephenson, D. (2015). Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: a meta-analytic review. Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 10, 227–237.
- Karagöz, Y. (2018). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri ve yayın etiği. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
- Kawachi, I. ve Berkman, L. F. (2001). Social ties and mental health. J. Urban Health, 78(3), 458-467.
- Kıral, E. ve Mavruk, C. (2017). Regional unemployment disparities in Turkey. Finans, Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, 54(634), 107-134.
- Lauder, W., Mummery, K., Jones, M., and Caperchione, C. (2006). A comparison of health behaviours in lonely and non-lonely populations. Psychol. Health Med., 11, 233–245.
- Pehlivan, S., Ovayolu, Ö., Ovayolu N., Sevinc, A. ve Camcı, C. (2012). Relationship between hopelessness, loneliness, and perceived social support from family in turkish patients with cancer. Support Care Cancer, 20, 733–739.
- Perlman, D. (1990). Age differences in loneliness: A meta-analysis. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED326767).
- Pradhan, G. (2016). Social integration and its correlation with loneliness. Miami University, Population and Social Gerontology. 04.03.2019 tarihinde https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=miami1470270402&disposition=inline adresinden erişilmiştir.
- Radloff, L. (1982). Data from the center for epidemiologic studies. Analysis of unpublished data, National Institute of Mental Health.
- Rokach, A. (1988). Theoretical approaches to loneliness: From a univariate to a multidimensional experience. Review of Existential Psychology and Psychiatry, 19, 225-254.
- Rokach, A. (2012). Loneliness updated: An introduction. The Journal of Psychology, 146(1–2), 1–6.
- Rokach, A. (2014). Loneliness of the marginalized. Open Journal of Depression, 3, 147-153.
- Rotenberg, K. J., Addis, N., Betts, L. R., Corrigan, A., Fox, C., Hobson ,…,Misra, N. (2009). Loneliness, depression and sociability in old age. Ind Psychiatry J. 18(1), 51–55.
- Stanfeld, S. (1999). Social determinants of health. (M. Marmot, and R. Wilkinson Eds.), Social Support and Social Cohesion (p. 155-178). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Valk, I. V. D. (2017). Social capital as a solution to mental health problems: The effects of social capital on depression and loneliness via the effect of social cohesion and civic engagement. Master Thesis, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- Valtorta, N. K., Kanaan, M., Gilbody, S., Ronzi, S., and Hanratty, B. (2016). Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for coronary heart disease and stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal observational studies. Heart, 102, 1009–1016.
- Weiss, R. S. (1973). Loneliness: The experience of emotional and social isolation. Cambridge: MIT Press.
- Wenger, G., Davies, R., Shahtahmasebi, S. ve Scott, A. (1996). Social isolation and loneliness in old age: Review and model refinement. Ageing and Society, 16(3), 333-358.
- Williams, R. (2012). Using the margins command to estimate and interpret adjusted predictions and marginal effects. The Stata Journal, 12(2), 308-331.
- Zavaleta, D., Samuel, K. ve China, M. (2014). Social Isolation: A conceptual and measurement proposal. OPHI Working Paper No. 67, Oxford.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Psikoloji |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | 10954 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Aralık 2019 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 2 Aralık 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 20 |
