Pengaruh Jumlah Polimer terhadap Karakteristik Fisik dan Pelepasan Nanopartikel Fraksi Diterpen Lakton Sambiloto - Kitosan

Retno Sari, Abhimata Paramanandana, Dewi Isadiartuti, Annisa Maulidia Rahayyu
10.25077/jsfk.7.2.99-106.2020

Abstrak


Fraksi diterpen lakton dari Andrographis paniculata Nees (sambiloto) (FDTLS) memiliki kandungan utama andrografolid. andrografolid diketahui memiliki bioavailabilitas buruk, bersifat sangat lipofilik, dan memiliki kelarutan yang rendah di dalam air. Penjebakan bahan sukar larut ke dalam polimer hidrofilik seperti kitosan dapat memperbaiki disolusi yang selanjutnya akan meningkatkan bioavailabilitas dan efektivitasnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan disolusi serta mengetahui pengaruh jumlah kitosan terhadap karakteristik fisik, efisiensi penjebakan dan pelepasan FDTLS dari nanopartikel FDTLS-kitosan. Nanopartikel dibuat dengan metode gelasi ionik-semprot kering menggunakan tripolifosfat sebagai penyambung silang. Nanopartikel dibuat dengan rasio FDTLS-kitosan yang berbeda, yaitu 1:2 (FK1), 1:2,5 (FK2) dan 1:3 (FK3). Evaluasi yang dilakukan meliputi morfologi, pemeriksaan differential thermal analysis (DTA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), efisiensi penjebakan, dan uji pelepasan. Nanopartikel yang dihasilkan berbentuk sferis dan FK2 mempunyai permukaan paling halus dengan entalpi paling tinggi. Difraktogram nanopartikel FDTLS-kitosan menunjukkan perubahan kristalinitas menjadi lebih amorf. Efisiensi penjerapan FDTLS dalam nanopartikel kitosan sebesar 29,01-32,69%. Hasil uji pelepasan nanopartikel menunjukkan peningkatan kecepatan FDTLS terlarut sebesar 1,6 kali dibandingkan dengan substansi FDTLS. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembentukan nanopartikel dengan polimer kitosan dengan metode gelasi ionik-semprot kering dapat meningkatkan jumlah FDTLS terlarut.

Kata Kunci


kitosan; Andrographis paniculata; fraksi diterpen lakton sambiloto; ionik gelasi; nanopartikel; pelepasan obat.

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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/jsfk.7.2.99-106.2020

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