Vineyards, covering over seven million hectares worldwide, hold significant socio-cultural importance. Traditionally reliant on conventional practices and agrochemicals, this agroecosystem faces environmental challenges, including soil and water pollution. Sustainable viticulture, driven by eco-friendly practices and cost reduction, has gained prominence, underlining the importance of biological control agents such as entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). EPNs naturally occurr in vineyard soils and play a crucial role in controlling pest damage. Ensuring compatibility between EPNs and the commonly used vineyard fungicides is critical, as these applications constitute the predominant pest-management practice during the productive grapevine cycle.
This study assessed the impact of authorized grapevine fungicides on EPNs, focusing on the survival of populations and sublethal effects on their virulence. We investigated the compatibility of two EPN populations (
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