Formulation of Antioxidant Emulgel containing Beluntas China (Gynura pseudochina (L.) DC)
Abstract
Skin constantly exposed by the environmental stresses, such as pollutants, solar radiation, heat, and cold, which cause the free radicals that cause premature aging. This bad effects of free radicals can be reduced by natural antioxidants such as Beluntas china (Gynura pseudochina (L.) DC) extract. The antioxidants use of beluntas china extract for skin will be more optimal if it is applied by appropriate form, emulgel, which has stronger consistency and longer contact time than gel. The aim of this research was to formulate an antioxidant emulgel from beluntas china extract, which is effective, stable, and safe with the best gelling agent. The extract was formulated by variety types of gelling agents which were carrageenan, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and carbomer 934. Then, the physical stability was evaluated, including organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, and freeze thaw. The results showed that formulation of carbomer 934 1% 2xIC50 extract concentration give the best physical stability evaluation for 60 days storage time.
Keywords: antioxidant, beluntas china extract, emulgel, free radicals, skin
References
Singh P, Rani B, Chauhan A, Maheshwari R. Lycopene's antioxidant activity in cosmetics meadow. International research journal of pharmacy. 2012;3(1):46-7.
Piérard GE, Uhoda I, Piérard‐Franchimont C. From skin microrelief to wrinkles. An area ripe for investigation. Journal of cosmetic dermatology. 2003;2(1):21-8.
Linder J. Cosmeceutical treatment of the aging face. Aesthetic Medicine: Springer; 2012. p. 69-84.
Fox L, Gerber M, Du Preez J, Grobler A, Du Plessis J. Topical and transdermal delivery of L-carnitine. Skin pharmacology and physiology. 2011;24(6):330-6.
Taniguchi M, Arai N, Kohno K, Ushio S, Fukuda S. Anti-oxidative and anti-aging activities of 2-O-α-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid on human dermal fibroblasts. European journal of pharmacology. 2012;674(2-3):126-31.
Michniak-Kohn B, Leonardi GR. An overview about oxidation in clinical practice of skin aging. Anais brasileiros de dermatologia. 2017;92(3):367-74.
Gholamian-Dehkordi N, Luther T, Asadi-Samani M, Mahmoudian-Sani MR. An overview on natural antioxidants for oxidative stress reduction in cancers; a systematic review. Immunopathologia Persa. 2017;3(2).
Gaschler MM, Stockwell BR. Lipid peroxidation in cell death. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2017;482(3):419-25.
Fasoyiro S, Adegoke G, Idowu O. Characterisation and partial purification of antioxidant component of ethereal fractions of Aframomum danielli. World Journal of Chemistry. 2006;1(1):01-5.
Suhartono E, Setiawan B, Sari NY. Uji Aktivitas Antioksi dan Rebusan Daun Dewa (Gynura Pseudochina) dan Perannya Sebagai Inhibitor Advanced Glycation End Products (Ages) Akibat Reaksi Glikosilasi. Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan. 2016;4(2):104-13.
Chen L, Wang J-J, Zhang G-G, Song H-T, Qin L-P. A new cerebroside from Gynura divaricata. Natural product research. 2009;23(14):1330-6.
Saiman MZ, Mustafa NR, Schulte AE, Verpoorte R, Choi YH. Induction, characterization, and NMR-based metabolic profiling of adventitious root cultures from leaf explants of Gynura procumbens. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC). 2012;109(3):465-75.
Rivai H, Bakhtiar A, Nurdin H, Suyani H, Weltasari DJJSdTF. Identifikasi Senyawa Antioksidan dari Daun Dewa (Gynura pseudochina (Lour.) DC). 2012.
Dalimartha S, Abidin M, Winarno R. Atlas Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia, jilid 1 Cetakan 1, 90–96. Trubus Agriwidya, Jakarta. 1999.
Wan C, Yu Y, Zhou S, Liu W, Tian S, Cao S. Antioxidant activity and free radical-scavenging capacity of Gynura divaricata leaf extracts at different temperatures. Pharmacognosy magazine. 2011;7(25):40.
Yani TN, Anwar E, Saputri FC. Formulasi Emulgel yang Mengandung Ekstrak Etanol Daun Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) dan Uji Aktivitasnya terhadap Propionibacterium acnes secara In Vitro. Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia. 2016;6(2):89-97.
Ningsih W, Nofiandi D, Deviarny C, Roselin D. Formulasi dan Efek Antibakteri Masker Peel Off Ekstrak Etanol Daun Dewa (Gynura pseudochina (Lour.) Dc.) terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis. Scientia: Jurnal Farmasi dan Kesehatan. 2017;7(1):61-6.
Priani SE, Darijanto ST, Suciati T, Iwo MI. Formulasi Sediaan Emulgel Untuk Penghantaran Transdermal Ketoprofen. Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia. 2013;38(1):37-42.
Sujono TA, Honniasih M, Pratimasari YR. Pengaruh konsentrasi gelling agent carbomer 934 dan HPMC pada formulasi gel lendir bekicot (Achatina fulica) terhadap kecepatan penyembuhan luka bakar pada punggung kelinci. 2012.
Septiani S. Formulasi sediaan masker gel antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol biji melinjo (Gnetun gnemon Linn.). Students e-Journal. 2012;1(1):39.
Seo J, Lee S, Elam ML, Johnson SA, Kang J, Arjmandi BH. Study to find the best extraction solvent for use with guava leaves (Psidium guajava L.) for high antioxidant efficacy. Food Science & Nutrition. 2014;2(2):174-80.
Ghasemzadeh A, Jaafar H. Anticancer and antioxidant activities of Malaysian young ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) varieties grown under different CO2 concentration. J Med Plant Res. 2011;5(14):3247-55.
Saxena M, Saxena J, Pradhan A. Flavonoids and phenolic acids as antioxidants in plants and human health. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res. 2012;16(2):130-4.
Trifunschi SI, Munteanu MFF, Ardelean DG, Orodan M, Osser GM, Gligor RI. Flavonoids and polyphenols content and antioxidant activity of Ficus carica L. extracts from Romania. Matica Srpska Journal for Natural Sciences. 2015(128).
Martin A, Swarbrick J, Cammarata A. Farmasi Fisik: Dasar-Dasar Kimia Fisik dalam Ilmu Farmasetik. Edisi ketiga, Penerbit Universitas Indonesia: Jakarta. 1993.
Erawati E, Pratiwi D, Zaky M. Pengembangan Formulasi dan Evaluasi Fisik Sediaan Krim Ekstrak Etanol 70% Daun Labu Siam (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swatz). Jurnal Farmagazine. 2016;3(1):19.
Rahmawanty D, Yulianti N, Fitriana M. Formulasi dan evaluasi masker wajah peel-off mengandung kuersetin dengan variasi konsentrasi gelatin dan gliserin. Media Farmasi. 2015;12(1):17-32.
Nybakken JW. Biologi laut: suatu pendekatan ekologis (terjemahan). PT Gramedia Jakarta. 1988.
Wilson CG, Crowley PJ. Controlled release in oral drug delivery: Springer; 2011.
Madan J, Singh R. Formulation and evaluation of aloe vera topical gels. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2010;2(2):551-5.
Singh P, Rani B, Chauhan A, Maheshwari R. Lycopene's antioxidant activity in cosmetics meadow. International research journal of pharmacy. 2012;3(1):46-7.
Piérard GE, Uhoda I, Piérard‐Franchimont C. From skin microrelief to wrinkles. An area ripe for investigation. Journal of cosmetic dermatology. 2003;2(1):21-8.
Linder J. Cosmeceutical treatment of the aging face. Aesthetic Medicine: Springer; 2012. p. 69-84.
Fox L, Gerber M, Du Preez J, Grobler A, Du Plessis J. Topical and transdermal delivery of L-carnitine. Skin pharmacology and physiology. 2011;24(6):330-6.
Taniguchi M, Arai N, Kohno K, Ushio S, Fukuda S. Anti-oxidative and anti-aging activities of 2-O-α-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid on human dermal fibroblasts. European journal of pharmacology. 2012;674(2-3):126-31.
Michniak-Kohn B, Leonardi GR. An overview about oxidation in clinical practice of skin aging. Anais brasileiros de dermatologia. 2017;92(3):367-74.
Gholamian-Dehkordi N, Luther T, Asadi-Samani M, Mahmoudian-Sani MR. An overview on natural antioxidants for oxidative stress reduction in cancers; a systematic review. Immunopathologia Persa. 2017;3(2).
Gaschler MM, Stockwell BR. Lipid peroxidation in cell death. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2017;482(3):419-25.
Fasoyiro S, Adegoke G, Idowu O. Characterisation and partial purification of antioxidant component of ethereal fractions of Aframomum danielli. World Journal of Chemistry. 2006;1(1):01-5.
Suhartono E, Setiawan B, Sari NY. Uji Aktivitas Antioksi dan Rebusan Daun Dewa (Gynura Pseudochina) dan Perannya Sebagai Inhibitor Advanced Glycation End Products (Ages) Akibat Reaksi Glikosilasi. Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan. 2016;4(2):104-13.
Chen L, Wang J-J, Zhang G-G, Song H-T, Qin L-P. A new cerebroside from Gynura divaricata. Natural product research. 2009;23(14):1330-6.
Saiman MZ, Mustafa NR, Schulte AE, Verpoorte R, Choi YH. Induction, characterization, and NMR-based metabolic profiling of adventitious root cultures from leaf explants of Gynura procumbens. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC). 2012;109(3):465-75.
Rivai H, Bakhtiar A, Nurdin H, Suyani H, Weltasari DJJSdTF. Identifikasi Senyawa Antioksidan dari Daun Dewa (Gynura pseudochina (Lour.) DC). 2012.
Dalimartha S, Abidin M, Winarno R. Atlas Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia, jilid 1 Cetakan 1, 90–96. Trubus Agriwidya, Jakarta. 1999.
Wan C, Yu Y, Zhou S, Liu W, Tian S, Cao S. Antioxidant activity and free radical-scavenging capacity of Gynura divaricata leaf extracts at different temperatures. Pharmacognosy magazine. 2011;7(25):40.
Yani TN, Anwar E, Saputri FC. Formulasi Emulgel yang Mengandung Ekstrak Etanol Daun Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) dan Uji Aktivitasnya terhadap Propionibacterium acnes secara In Vitro. Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia. 2016;6(2):89-97.
Ningsih W, Nofiandi D, Deviarny C, Roselin D. Formulasi dan Efek Antibakteri Masker Peel Off Ekstrak Etanol Daun Dewa (Gynura pseudochina (Lour.) Dc.) terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis. Scientia: Jurnal Farmasi dan Kesehatan. 2017;7(1):61-6.
Priani SE, Darijanto ST, Suciati T, Iwo MI. Formulasi Sediaan Emulgel Untuk Penghantaran Transdermal Ketoprofen. Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia. 2013;38(1):37-42.
Sujono TA, Honniasih M, Pratimasari YR. Pengaruh konsentrasi gelling agent carbomer 934 dan HPMC pada formulasi gel lendir bekicot (Achatina fulica) terhadap kecepatan penyembuhan luka bakar pada punggung kelinci. 2012.
Septiani S. Formulasi sediaan masker gel antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol biji melinjo (Gnetun gnemon Linn.). Students e-Journal. 2012;1(1):39.
Seo J, Lee S, Elam ML, Johnson SA, Kang J, Arjmandi BH. Study to find the best extraction solvent for use with guava leaves (Psidium guajava L.) for high antioxidant efficacy. Food Science & Nutrition. 2014;2(2):174-80.
Ghasemzadeh A, Jaafar H. Anticancer and antioxidant activities of Malaysian young ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) varieties grown under different CO2 concentration. J Med Plant Res. 2011;5(14):3247-55.
Saxena M, Saxena J, Pradhan A. Flavonoids and phenolic acids as antioxidants in plants and human health. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res. 2012;16(2):130-4.
Trifunschi SI, Munteanu MFF, Ardelean DG, Orodan M, Osser GM, Gligor RI. Flavonoids and polyphenols content and antioxidant activity of Ficus carica L. extracts from Romania. Matica Srpska Journal for Natural Sciences. 2015(128).
Martin A, Swarbrick J, Cammarata A. Farmasi Fisik: Dasar-Dasar Kimia Fisik dalam Ilmu Farmasetik. Edisi ketiga, Penerbit Universitas Indonesia: Jakarta. 1993.
Erawati E, Pratiwi D, Zaky M. Pengembangan Formulasi dan Evaluasi Fisik Sediaan Krim Ekstrak Etanol 70% Daun Labu Siam (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swatz). Jurnal Farmagazine. 2016;3(1):19.
Rahmawanty D, Yulianti N, Fitriana M. Formulasi dan evaluasi masker wajah peel-off mengandung kuersetin dengan variasi konsentrasi gelatin dan gliserin. Media Farmasi. 2015;12(1):17-32.
Nybakken JW. Biologi laut: suatu pendekatan ekologis (terjemahan). PT Gramedia Jakarta. 1988.
Wilson CG, Crowley PJ. Controlled release in oral drug delivery: Springer; 2011.
Madan J, Singh R. Formulation and evaluation of aloe vera topical gels. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2010;2(2):551-5.
Singh P, Rani B, Chauhan A, Maheshwari R. Lycopene's antioxidant activity in cosmetics meadow. International research journal of pharmacy. 2012;3(1):46-7.
Piérard GE, Uhoda I, Piérard‐Franchimont C. From skin microrelief to wrinkles. An area ripe for investigation. Journal of cosmetic dermatology. 2003;2(1):21-8.
Linder J. Cosmeceutical treatment of the aging face. Aesthetic Medicine: Springer; 2012. p. 69-84.
Fox L, Gerber M, Du Preez J, Grobler A, Du Plessis J. Topical and transdermal delivery of L-carnitine. Skin pharmacology and physiology. 2011;24(6):330-6.
Taniguchi M, Arai N, Kohno K, Ushio S, Fukuda S. Anti-oxidative and anti-aging activities of 2-O-α-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid on human dermal fibroblasts. European journal of pharmacology. 2012;674(2-3):126-31.
Michniak-Kohn B, Leonardi GR. An overview about oxidation in clinical practice of skin aging. Anais brasileiros de dermatologia. 2017;92(3):367-74.
Gholamian-Dehkordi N, Luther T, Asadi-Samani M, Mahmoudian-Sani MR. An overview on natural antioxidants for oxidative stress reduction in cancers; a systematic review. Immunopathologia Persa. 2017;3(2).
Gaschler MM, Stockwell BR. Lipid peroxidation in cell death. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2017;482(3):419-25.
Fasoyiro S, Adegoke G, Idowu O. Characterisation and partial purification of antioxidant component of ethereal fractions of Aframomum danielli. World Journal of Chemistry. 2006;1(1):01-5.
Suhartono E, Setiawan B, Sari NY. Uji Aktivitas Antioksi dan Rebusan Daun Dewa (Gynura Pseudochina) dan Perannya Sebagai Inhibitor Advanced Glycation End Products (Ages) Akibat Reaksi Glikosilasi. Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan. 2016;4(2):104-13.
Chen L, Wang J-J, Zhang G-G, Song H-T, Qin L-P. A new cerebroside from Gynura divaricata. Natural product research. 2009;23(14):1330-6.
Saiman MZ, Mustafa NR, Schulte AE, Verpoorte R, Choi YH. Induction, characterization, and NMR-based metabolic profiling of adventitious root cultures from leaf explants of Gynura procumbens. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC). 2012;109(3):465-75.
Rivai H, Bakhtiar A, Nurdin H, Suyani H, Weltasari DJJSdTF. Identifikasi Senyawa Antioksidan dari Daun Dewa (Gynura pseudochina (Lour.) DC). 2012.
Dalimartha S, Abidin M, Winarno R. Atlas Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia, jilid 1 Cetakan 1, 90–96. Trubus Agriwidya, Jakarta. 1999.
Wan C, Yu Y, Zhou S, Liu W, Tian S, Cao S. Antioxidant activity and free radical-scavenging capacity of Gynura divaricata leaf extracts at different temperatures. Pharmacognosy magazine. 2011;7(25):40.
Yani TN, Anwar E, Saputri FC. Formulasi Emulgel yang Mengandung Ekstrak Etanol Daun Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) dan Uji Aktivitasnya terhadap Propionibacterium acnes secara In Vitro. Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia. 2016;6(2):89-97.
Ningsih W, Nofiandi D, Deviarny C, Roselin D. Formulasi dan Efek Antibakteri Masker Peel Off Ekstrak Etanol Daun Dewa (Gynura pseudochina (Lour.) Dc.) terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis. Scientia: Jurnal Farmasi dan Kesehatan. 2017;7(1):61-6.
Priani SE, Darijanto ST, Suciati T, Iwo MI. Formulasi Sediaan Emulgel Untuk Penghantaran Transdermal Ketoprofen. Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia. 2013;38(1):37-42.
Sujono TA, Honniasih M, Pratimasari YR. Pengaruh konsentrasi gelling agent carbomer 934 dan HPMC pada formulasi gel lendir bekicot (Achatina fulica) terhadap kecepatan penyembuhan luka bakar pada punggung kelinci. 2012.
Septiani S. Formulasi sediaan masker gel antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol biji melinjo (Gnetun gnemon Linn.). Students e-Journal. 2012;1(1):39.
Seo J, Lee S, Elam ML, Johnson SA, Kang J, Arjmandi BH. Study to find the best extraction solvent for use with guava leaves (Psidium guajava L.) for high antioxidant efficacy. Food Science & Nutrition. 2014;2(2):174-80.
Ghasemzadeh A, Jaafar H. Anticancer and antioxidant activities of Malaysian young ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) varieties grown under different CO2 concentration. J Med Plant Res. 2011;5(14):3247-55.
Saxena M, Saxena J, Pradhan A. Flavonoids and phenolic acids as antioxidants in plants and human health. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res. 2012;16(2):130-4.
Trifunschi SI, Munteanu MFF, Ardelean DG, Orodan M, Osser GM, Gligor RI. Flavonoids and polyphenols content and antioxidant activity of Ficus carica L. extracts from Romania. Matica Srpska Journal for Natural Sciences. 2015(128).
Martin A, Swarbrick J, Cammarata A. Farmasi Fisik: Dasar-Dasar Kimia Fisik dalam Ilmu Farmasetik. Edisi ketiga, Penerbit Universitas Indonesia: Jakarta. 1993.
Erawati E, Pratiwi D, Zaky M. Pengembangan Formulasi dan Evaluasi Fisik Sediaan Krim Ekstrak Etanol 70% Daun Labu Siam (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swatz). Jurnal Farmagazine. 2016;3(1):19.
Rahmawanty D, Yulianti N, Fitriana M. Formulasi dan evaluasi masker wajah peel-off mengandung kuersetin dengan variasi konsentrasi gelatin dan gliserin. Media Farmasi. 2015;12(1):17-32.
Nybakken JW. Biologi laut: suatu pendekatan ekologis (terjemahan). PT Gramedia Jakarta. 1988.
Wilson CG, Crowley PJ. Controlled release in oral drug delivery: Springer; 2011.
Madan J, Singh R. Formulation and evaluation of aloe vera topical gels. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2010;2(2):551-5.
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