Recent advances in neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer

Kazushige Kawai; Soichiro Ishihara; Hiroaki Nozawa; Keisuke Hata; Tomomichi Kiyomatsu; Toshiaki Tanaka; Takeshi Nishikawa; Kensuke Otani; Koji Yasuda; Koji Murono; Kazuhito Sasaki; Toshiaki Watanabe

doi:10.23922/jarc.2017-005

REVIEW ARTICLE

Recent advances in neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer

Kazushige Kawai, Soichiro Ishihara, Hiroaki Nozawa, Keisuke Hata, Tomomichi Kiyomatsu, Toshiaki Tanaka, Takeshi Nishikawa, Kensuke Otani, Koji Yasuda, Koji Murono, Kazuhito Sasaki, Toshiaki Watanabe

Author information

Kazushige Kawai
Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo
Soichiro Ishihara
Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo
Hiroaki Nozawa
Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo
Keisuke Hata
Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo
Tomomichi Kiyomatsu
Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo
Toshiaki Tanaka
Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo
Takeshi Nishikawa
Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo
Kensuke Otani
Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo
Koji Yasuda
Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo
Koji Murono
Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo
Kazuhito Sasaki
Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo
Toshiaki Watanabe
Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo

Keywords: advanced low rectal cancer, chemoradiotherapy, local recurrence, watch and wait

JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS

2017 Volume 1 Issue 2 Pages 39-44

DOI https://doi.org/10.23922/jarc.2017-005

Details

Abstract

Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has been actively used in Europe and the United States to treat advanced low rectal cancer, and provides excellent local control. In Japan, however, the standard treatment is lateral lymph node dissection, and to date CRT has not been actively used. In recent years, an increasing number of Japanese institutions have been using preoperative CRT to treat locally advanced rectal cancer. In this review, we describe the latest trends in CRT under five headings: short-course or long-course radiation, efforts to improve combined chemotherapy, the addition of preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, the watch and wait strategy, and the significance of lateral lymph node dissection in patients receiving CRT.

Fullsize Image

Corresponding author

Register with J-STAGE for free!