2019 Ecosystem Transformation 2 (4), 4–62
Herpetofauna of Sevastopol city (southwestern Crimea): species composition, zoogeographic analysis, landscape-zonal distribution, current status and protection
Oleg V. Kukushkin , Alexander G. Trofimov , Ilya S. Turbanov , Victor Ya. Slodkevich
DOI: https://doi.org/10.23859/estr-190530Volume: 2
Number: 4
Pages: 4–62
Received: 30.05.2019
Accepted: 21.07.2019
Available online: 18.11.2019
Published: 13.12.2019
ISSN 2619-094X Print
ISSN 2619-0931 Online
This work summarizes information on the distribution and status of the populations of amphibians and reptiles of the city of Sevastopol. Data obtained over a quarter of a century were refined by a targeted herpetological examination of the entire territory of Sevastopol (over 1000 km2 ) in 2018 and early 2019. Most species of amphibians and reptiles known in Crimea are recorded from the Sevastopol Region, with the exception of some taxa that inhabit only or mainly plains environments (Pelobates vespertinus, Eremias arguta, and Lacerta agilis exigua). Most taxa included in the Red Book of Sevastopol, to date, retain stable populations. Apparently, Vipera renardi has disappeared from the region. Analysis of the taxon chorotypes indicates a dominance of species of Mediterranean (sensu lato) origin. The mild climate of the southwestern part of the Crimean Peninsula determines the unique spatial distribution of the most thermophilic reptile species (Mediodactylus danilewskii, Pseudopus apodus, and Zamenis situla) and, in particular, their wide distribution on the northern macroslope of the Crimean Mountains and (or) the highest elevations in Crimea. The zoning of the territory of Sevastopol, according to herpetological data, made it possible to identify eight districts that differ clearly in species composition and population density of background and rare species. On a national scale, the territory of Sevastopol is important for the conservation of the genetic diversity of species such as Triturus karelinii, M. danilewskii, Ps. apodus, Z. situla, Dolichophis caspius, and Elaphe sauromates. Currently, the state of the populations of T. karelinii, Emys orbicularis, and El. sauromates is most alarming. Scientifically important natural and some synanthropic (in the Khersonesos of Taurida) populations of M. danilewskii, as well as relic populations of the Crimean endemic Lacerta agilis tauridica, require close attention. The “Baydarskyi”, “Cape Aya” and “Laspi” state regional wildlife sanctuaries play the most significant role in preserving the herpetofauna of the region, covering the upper part of the Chernaya River basin (Main Range) and the extreme southwestern part of the Southern Coast of Crimea, as well as the Mekenzievskoe Forestry in the foothills.
Oleg V. Kukushkin
T.I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station – Nature Reserve – Branch of A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences, research scientist
Ul. Nauki 24, Theodosia, 299188 Republic of the Crimea
Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences
Universitetskaya emb. 1, Saint-Petersburg, 199034 Russia
mtasketi2018@gmail.com
Alexander G. Trofimov
A.M. Nikolsky Herpetological Society
Ul. Kolobova 15-495, Sevastopol, 299038 Crimea
trofimov_aleksan@mail.ru
Ilya S. Turbanov
I.D. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, research scientist
Borok 109, Nekouz District, Yaroslavl' Region, 152742 Russia
Cherepovets State University
Pr. Lunacharskogo 5, Cherepovets, Vologda Region, 162600 Russia
turba13@mail.ru
Victor Ya. Slodkevich
LLC “Scientific Center – Protection for Nature”, Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, research scientist, head of the expeditionary department
Slavyanskyi blvd. 1/11, Moscow, 121352 Russia
ayno@list.ru
Arslan, D., Olivier, A., Yaşar, Ç., Ismail, I.B., Döndüren, Ö., Ernoul, L., Beck, N. Çiçek, K., 2018. Distribution and current status of herpetofauna in the Gediz delta (Western Anatolia, Turkey). Herpetology Notes 11, 1–15.
Atlas. Autonomous Republic of the Crimea, 2003. In: Bagrov, M.V., Rudenko, L.G. (eds.). Institute of Ge-ography: V.I. Vernadsky Tavrida National Universi-ty, Kyïv – Simferopol, Ukraine, 80 p. (In Ukrainian).
Baker, J.M.R., 2015. Marine sightings of grass snakes Natrix natrix. The Herpetological Bulletin 131, 30–31.
Belik, V.P., 2013. Ornitogeograficheskie svyazi i rayionirovanie Bolshogo Kavkaza (novye podhody v analize fauny) [Ornithogeographical links and division of the Great Caucasus (new approaches to the analysis of the fauna)]. Strepet 11 (1), 5–88. (In Russian).
Bertrand, M., Kukushkin, O., Pogrebnyak, S., 2013. A new species of mites of the genus Geckobia (Prostigmata, Pterygosomatidae), parasitic on Mediodactylus kotschyi (Reptilia, Gekkota) from Crimea. Vestnik zoologii [Bulletin of Zoology] 47 (2), 99–111. https://doi.org/10.2478/vzoo-2013-0009.
Bokov, V.A., 1999. Sistematika landshaftov [Systematics of landscapes]. In: Apostolov et al. (eds.), Biologicheskoe i landshaftnoe raznoobrazie Kryma: problemy i perspektivy [Biological and landscape diversity of the Crimea: problems and prospects]. Nauchno-Prakticheskiy diskusionno-analiticheskiy sbornik “Voprosy razvitiya Kryma”. Vypusk 11 [Scientific-practical discussion-analytic compilation “Issues of the development of the Crimea”. Issue 11]. SONAT, Simferopol, Ukraine, 25–28. (In Russian).
Bokov, V.А., 2004. Prostranstvennaya model’ zonal’nykh landshaftov Kryma [Spatial model of the zonal landscapes of the Crimea]. Uchenye zapiski Tavricheskogo natsional’nogo universiteta imeni V.I. Vernadskogo. Seriya “Geographiya” [Scientific Notes of the V.I. Vernadskу Taurida National University. Series “Geography”] 17 (4), 3–10. (In Russian).
Borkin, L.J., Shabanov, D.A., Brandler, O.V., Kukushkin, O.V., Litvinchuk, S.N., Mazepa, G.A., Rosanov, J.M., 2007. A case of natural triploidy in european diploid green toad (Bufo viridis), with some distributional records of diploid and tetraploid toads. Russian Journal of Herpetology 14 (2), 121–132.
Brauner, A., 1903. Predvaritel’noe soobschenie o presmykayuschikhsya i gadakh Bessarabii, Khersonskoyi gubernii, Kryma i severo-zapadno-go Kavkaza mezhdu Novorossyiskom i Adlerom [Preliminary report on reptiles and amphibians of Bessarabia, Kherson Province, Crimea and the North-West Caucasus between Novorossiysk and Adler]. Zapiski Novorossyiskogo Obschestva Est-estvoispytateleyi [Notes of Novorossiya Society of Naturalists] 25 (1), 43–59. (In Russian).
Brauner, A., 1905. Predvaritel’noe soobschenie o presmykayuschikhsya i zemnovodnykh Kryma, Kubanskoyi oblasti, Volynskoyi i Varshavskoyi gubernyi [Preliminary report on reptiles and amphibians of the Crimea, Kuban Region, Volyn and Warsaw Provinces]. Zapiski Novorossyiskogo Ob-schestva Estestvoispytateleyi [Notes of Novorossya Society of Naturalists] 28, 1–14. (In Russian).
Chervona kniga Ukrainy. Tvarinnyi svit, 2009. [Red Data Book of Ukraine. Animal Kingdom, 2009]. Akimov, I.A. (ed.). Globalconsaltyng, Kyïv, Ukraine, 600 p. (In Ukrainian).
Cordova, C.E., 2007. Holocene Mediterranization of the Southern Crimean vegetation: palaeoecological records, regional climate change, and possible non-climatic influences. In: Yanco-Hombach, V. et al. (eds.), The Black Sea Flood Question: Changes in Coastline, Climate, and Human Settlement. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 319–344. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5302-3_13.
Cox, N.A., Temple, H.J., 2009. European Red List of Reptiles. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 33 p.
Didukh, Ya.P., 1992. Rastitel’nyi pokrov Gornogo Kryma (struktura, dinamika, evolyutsiya i okhrana) [Vegetation cover of the Mountain Crimea (structure, dynamics, evolution and protection)]. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, Ukraine, 256 p. (In Russian).
Doronin, I.V., 2012. Ispol’zovanie geoinformatsion-nykh sistem dlya analiza rasprostraneniya skal’nykh yascherits kompleksa Darevskia (saxicola) (Sauria: Lacertidae) [The use of GIS for the analysis of the distribution of rock lizards Darevskia (saxicola) complex (Sauria: Lacertidae)]. Sovremennaya herpetologiya [Current Studies in Herpetology] 12 (3/4), 91–122. (In Russian).
Doronin, I.V., Tuniyev, B.S., Kukushkin, O.V., 2013. Differentsiatsiya i sistematika skal’nykh yascherits kompleksa Darevskia (saxicola) (Sauria: Lacertidae) po dannym morfologicheskogo i molekulyarnogo analizov [Differentiation and taxonomy of the rock lizards Darevskia (saxicola) complex (Sauria: Lacertidae) according to morphological and molecular analyses]. Trudy Zoologicheskogo instituta RAN [Transactions of Zoological Institute of the RAS] 317 (1), 54–84. (In Russian).
Dotsenko, I.B., 2003. Katalog kollektsyi Zoologiches-kogo muzeya NNPM NAN Ukrainy. Zmei [Catalogue of the Collections of Zoological Museum, NSNHM, NAS of Ukraine. The Snakes]. NSNHM, NAS of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine, 86 p. (In Russian).
Dotsenko, I.B., 2006. O solonovodnykh populyatsiyakh ozernoyi lyagushki (Rana ridibunda) v okrestnostyakh Odessy [The marsh frog (Rana ridibunda) saltwater populations in the vicinities of Odessa]. Zbirnik prats’ Zoologichnogo museyu [Transactions of Zoological Museum] 38, 80–83. (In Russian).
Dunayev, E.A., Imshenitsky, A.V., 2019. Zemnovodnye i presmykayuschiesya – introdutsirovannye i invazivnye vidy [Amphibians and reptiles – introduced and invasive species]. RusTerra magazine 5, 4–16. (In Russian).
Duysebaeva, T.N., 2012. Obzor fauny amfibyi i reptilyi Mangistauskoyi oblasti [Review of amphibian and reptilian fauna of Mangistau District (Kazakhstan)]. Selevinia 20, 59–65. (In Russian).
Eksilmez, H., Altunişik, A., Özdemir, N., 2017. The herpetofauna of Karçal Mountains (Artvin/Turkey). Biological Diversity and Conservation 10 (1), 1–5.
Emelyanov, A.F., 1974. Predlozheniya po klassifikatsii i nomenklature arealov [Proposals on classification and nomenclature of distributional ranges]. Entomologicheskoe obozrenie [Entomological Review] 53 (3), 497–522. (In Russian).
Epova, L.A., Kuranova, V.N., Babina, S.G., 2013. Vidovoe raznoobrazie, biotopicheskoe raspredelenie i chislennost’ zemnovodnykh i presmykayuschikhsya zapovednika “Kuznetskyi Alatau” v gradiente vysotnoyi poyasnosti (yugo-vostok Zapadnoyi Sibiri) [Species diversity, spatial distribution, and abundance of amphibians and reptiles of Kuznetsk Alatau Natural Reserve in altitude gradient (south-east of Western Siberia)]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta (Biologiya) [Bulletin of the Tomsk State University. Biology] 4 (24), 77–97. (In Russian).
Eser, Ö., Erismis, U.C., 2014. Research of the Herpetofauna of Başkomutan Historical National Park, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. Biharen Biologist 8 (2), 98–101.
Firsov, L.V., 1990. Isary (ocherki istorii srednevekovykh kreposteyi Yuzhnogo berega Kryma) [Isary. Essays on the history of medieval fortresses of the Southern coast of the Crimea]. Nauka, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russia, 470 p. (In Russian).
Fritz, U., Ayaz, D., Hundsdörfer, A.K., Kotenko, T., Guicking, D., Wink, M., Tok, C.V., Çiçek, K., Buschbom, J., 2009. Mitochondrial diversity of European pond turtles (Emys orbicularis) in Anatolia and the Ponto-Caspian Region: Multiple old refuges, hotspot of extant diversification and critically endangered endemics. Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 9, 100–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ode.2009.02.002.
Frost, D.R., 2018. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Ver. 6.0. Web page. URL: http//:research.amnh.orgherpetologyamphibiaindex.html (accessed: 22.04.19).
Fuentes, M.A., Escoriza, D., 2015. Natrix maura (viperine snake) marine foraging. The Herpetological Bulletin 134, 31–32.
Gablitz, K.I., 1785. Fizicheskoe opisanie Tavricheskoyi oblasti, po eyo mestopolozheniyu i vsem tryom tsarstvam prirody [Physical description of Taurida region by its location and all three Kingdoms of Nature]. I. Weitbrecht Emperor Printing house, St. Petersburg, Russia, 198 p. (In Russian).
Garkusha, L.Ya., Bagrova, L.A., Pozachenyuk, E.A., 2012. Raznoobrazie landshaftov Kryma so sredizemnomorskimi elementami flory [The diversity of Crimean landscapes with Mediterranean elements of flora]. Uchenye zapiski Tavricheskogo natsional’nogo universiteta imeni V.I. Vernadskogo [Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Taurida National University] 25 (2), 36–47. (In Russian).
Iljashenko, V.Yu., Shatalkin, A.I., Kuvaev, A.V., Komandatov, A.Yu., Britaev, T.A., Kosyan, A.R., Pavlov, D.S., Shilin, N.I., Ananjeva, N.B., Tuniyev, B.S., Semenov, D.V., Syroechkovsky, E.E., Morozov, V.V., Mishchenko, A.L., Rozhnov, V.V., Poyarkov, A.D., 2018. Redkie i nakhodyaschiesya pod ugrozoyi ischeznoveniya zhivotnye Rossii. Materialy k Krasnoyi knige Rossyiskoyi Federatsii [Rare and endangered animals of Russia. Materials for the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation]. KMK, Moscow, Russia, 69 p. (In Russian).
IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second Edition, 2012. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, iv + 32 p.
Jablonski, D., Jandzik, D., Gvoždík, V., 2012. New records and zoogeographic classification of amphibians and reptiles from Bosnia and Herzegovina. North-Western Journal of Zoology 8 (2), 324–337.
Jablonski, D., Nagy, Z.T., Avci, A., Kurtuluş, O., Kukushkin, O.V., Safaei-Mahroo, B., Jandzik, D., 2019a. Cryptic diversity in the smooth snake (Coronella austriaca). Amphibia-Reptilia 40, 179– 192. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-20181025.
Jablonski, D., Kukushkin, O.V., Avci, A., Bunyatova, S., Kumlutaş, Y., Ilgaz, Ç., Polyakova, E., Shiryaev, K., Tuniyev, B., Jandzik, D., 2019b. The biogeography of Elaphe sauromates (Pallas, 1814), with a description of a new rat snake species. PeerJ 7:e6944. https://doi.org/0.7717/peerj.6944.
Jandzik, D., Jablonski, D., Zinenko, O., Kukushkin, O.V., Moravec, J., Gvoždíc, V., 2018. Pleistocene extinctions and recent expansions in an anguid lizard of the genus Pseudopus. Zoologica Scripta, 47, 21–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12256.
Kadeev, V.I., 1970. Ocherki istorii ekonomiki Kher-sonesa v I–IV vv. n. e. [Essays on the history of the economics of Khersonesos in I–IV centuries A.D.] Kharkovsky gosudarstvennyi universitet, Kharkov, USSR, 162 p. (In Russian).
Kalyabina-Hauf, S.A., Milto, K.D., Ananjeva, N.B., Joger, U., Kotenko, T.I., Wink, M., 2004. Reevalua-tion of the status of Lacerta agilis tauridica Suchow, 1926. Russian Journal of Herpetology 11 (1), 65–72.
Karmishev, Yu.V., 1999. Berns’ki vidy yaschirok u Chervonoyi knizi Ukrainy. Zhovtopuz – Ophisau-rus apodus [Bern’ species of the lizard in the Red Data Book of the Ukraine. Eurasian glass lizard – Ophisaurus apodus]. In: Zagorodnyuk, I.V. (ed.), Katalog flori i fauni Bernskoi Konvencii. Vypusk 3. Zemnovodni ta plazuny Ukrayiny pid okhoronoyi Berns’koyi Konventsyii [Catalogue of the flora and fauna of Bern Convention. Issue 3. Amphibians and reptiles of Ukraine protected by the Bern Con-vention]. Kyiv, Ukraine, 61–62. (In Ukrainian).
Karmyshev, Yu.V., 1999. Rasprostranenie i morfolo-gicheskaya izmenchivost’ stepnoyi gadyuki Kryma i sopredelnykh territoryi [Distribution and morphological variability of the steppe viper from Crimea and adjacent territories]. Problemy izuchenya fauny yuga Ukrayiny: Sbornik nauchnykh statei pamyati Yu.V. Kostina [Problems in the study of the fauna of the south of Ukraine: Collection of scientific arti-cles in memory of Yu.V. Kostin]. AstroPrint, Odessa, Branta, Melitopol’, Ukraine, 54–59. (In Russian).
Karmyshev, Yu.V., 2001a. Reproduktivnye osoben-nosti chetyryokhpolosogo poloza (Elaphe quatuorlineata sauromates Pallas, 1814) na yuge Ukrayiny [Reproductive characteristics of a four-lined ratsnake (Elaphe quatuorlineata sauromates Pal-las, 1814) at the south of Ukraine]. Vestnik Zapo-rozhskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Bulletin of Zaporizhia State University] 2, 1–3. (In Russian).
Karmyshev, Yu.V., 2001b. Novye dannye o ras-prostranenii leopardovogo poloza (Elaphe situla) v Krymy [New data on distribution of the leopard ratsnake (Elaphe situla) in the Crimea]. Vestnik zoologii [Bulletin of Zoology] 1, 52. (In Russian).
Kessler, K.F., 1861. Puteshestvie, s zoologicheskoyi tseljyu, k severnomu beregu Chernogo morya i v Krym, v 1858 godu [A journey, with a zoological purpose, to the northern shore of the Black Sea and in the Crimea, in 1858]. University Printing House, Kiev, Ukraine, 248 p. (In Russian).
Köppen, V., 1938. Osnovy klimatologyii (klimaty Zem-nogo shara) [Basic Climatology (Climates of the Earth)]. State educational-pedagogical publishing house of the People’s Commissariat of Education of the RSFSR, Moscow, USSR, 375 p. (In Russian).
Kostin, Yu.V., Dulitsky, A.I., Kostin, S.Yu., 1999. Zon-al’no-biotopicheskoe delenie territoryii (ornito-te-riologicheskyi podhod) [Zonal-biotopic division of the territory (ornito-theriological approach)]. In: Apostolov et al. (eds.), Biologicheskoe i landshaft-noe raznoobrazie Kryma: problemy i perspektivy [Biological and landscape diversity of the Crimea: problems and prospects]. Nauchno-Praktiches-kiy diskusionno-analiticheskiy sbornik “Voprosy razvitiya Kryma”. Vypusk 11 [Scientific-practical discussion-analytic compilation “Issues of the de-velopment of the Crimea”. Issue 11]. SONAT, Sim- feropol, Ukraine, 33–56. (In Russian).
Kotenko, T.I., 1987. Okhrana amfibyi i reptilyi v zapovednikakh Ukrayiny [Protection of amphi-bians and reptiles in the reserves of Ukraine]. In: Darevsky, I.S., Krever, V.G. (eds.), Amfibii i reptilii zapovednykh territory. Sbornik naucnhykh trudov [Amphibians and reptiles of protected territories. Collection of scientific papers]. Central Scientific Research Laboratory of Glavokhota of RSFSR, Moscow, USSR, 60–80. (In Russian).
Kotenko, T.I., 2002. Predlozheniya po rasshireni-yu zapovedmoyi seti Ravninnogo Kryma [Proposals for the widening of the reserve network of the Plain Crimea]. Materialy vtoroy nauchnoy konfe-rencii “Zapovedniki Kryma. Bioraznoobrazie na pri-oritetnykh territoriyakh: 5 let posle Gurzufa” [Proceedings of the 2d scientific conference “Nature reserves of the Crimea. Biodiversity on the areas of high priority: 5 years after Gurzuf”]. Simferopol, Ukraine, 129–134. (In Russian).
Kotenko, T.I. 2004. Distribution, habitats, abundance and problems of conservation of the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) in Crimea (Ukraine): first results. Biologia, Bratislava 59 (14), 33–46.
Kotenko, T.I., 2007. O rasprostranenii stepnoyi gadyu-ki, Vipera renardi (Reptilia, Viperidae), v zapadnoyi chasti ravninnogo Kryma [On distribution of the steppe viper, Vipera renardi (Reptilia, Viperidae), in the western part of the lowland Crimea]. Vestnik zoologii [Bulletin of Zoology] 41 (5), 422. (In Russian). Kotenko, T.I., 2010. Zemnovodnye i presmykayuschiesya Kryma [Amphibians and Reptiles of the Crimea]. Nauchnye zapiski prirodnogo zapovednika “Mys Martyan” [Scientific Notes of the “Cape Mar-tyan” Nature Reserve] 1, 171–224. (In Russian).
Kotenko, T.I., Kukushkin, O.V., 2003. Osobennos-ti rasprostraneniya zmeyi na Krymskom poluos-trove. Chast’ 1. [Peculiarities of the distribution of snakes on the Crimean Peninsula. Part 1]. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoy konferencii “Zmei Vostoch-noyi Evropy” [Materials of the International confe-rence “Snakes of the Eastern Europe”]. Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin of RAS, Togliatti, Russia, 35–41. (In Russian).
Kotenko, T.I., Kukushkin, O.V., 2008. Gadyuka stepo-va, Vipera renardi (Christ.), – vid Chervonoyi knigi Ukrayiny [Steppe Viper, Vipera renardi (Christ.), – a species of the Red Data Book of Ukraine]. In: Kostiushin, A.V., Fesenko, G.V. (eds.), Znakhidky tvaryn Chervonoyi knigi Ukrainy [Records of the animals of Red Data Book of Ukraine]. I.I. Schmal- hausen Institute of Zoology, Kyïv, Ukraine, 101– 132. (In Ukrainian).
Kotenko, T.I., Kukushkin, O.V., 2010. Annotirovan-nye spiski zemnovodnykh i presmykayuschikhsya zapovednikov Kryma [Annotated lists of amphi-bians and reptiles of Crimea reserves]. Nauchnye zapiski prirodnogo zapovednika “Mys Martyan” [Scientific Notes of the “Cape Martyan” Nature Re-serve] 1, 225–261. (In Russian).
Kotenko, T.I., Kukushkin, O.V., 2013. Territorii vo-stochnogo Kryma – objecty regional’noyi ekoseti, vazhnye dlya sokhraneniya herpetofauny [Territo-ries of the eastern Crimea as objects of the regional ecological network, important for the preservation of herpetofauna]. In: Ivanov, S.P. (ed.), Priroda Vo-stochnogo Kryma. Otsenka bioraznoobraziya i razrabotka proekta lokal’noyi ekologicheskoyi seti [Na-ture of the Eastern Crimea. Biodiversity assessment and development of the project of local ecological network]. Kiev, Ukraine, 55–60. (In Russian).
Kotenko, T.I., Kukushkin, O.V., Zinenko, O.I., 2008, Midyanka zvichayina, Coronella austriaca Laur., – vid Chervonoyi knigi Ukrayiny [A smooth snake, Coronella austriaca Laur., – a species of the Red Data Book of Ukraine]. In: Kostiushin, A.V., Fesen-ko, G.V. (eds.), Znakhidky tvaryn Chervonoyi knigi Ukrainy [Records of the animals of Red Data Book of Ukraine]. I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, Kiev, Ukraine, 133–151. (In Ukrainian).
Kotsakiozi, P., Jablonski, D., Ilgaz, Ҫ., Kumlutaş, Y., Avci, A., Meiri, S., Itescu, Y., Kukushkin, O., Gvoždík, V., Scillitani, G., Roussos, S.A., Jandzik, D., Kasapidis, P., Lymberakis, P., Poulakakis, N., 2018. Multilocus phylogeny and coalescent spe-cies delimitation in Kotschy’s gecko, Mediodactylus kotschyi: Hidden diversity and cryptic species. Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution 125, 177– 187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.03.022.
Krasnaya kniga goroda Sevastopolya [The Red Data Book of Sevastopol], 2018. In: Dovgal, I.V., Kor-zhenevsky, V.V. (eds.). ROST–DOAFC, Kalinin-grad, Sevastopol, Russia, 432 p. (In Russian).
Krasnaya kniga Respubliki Krym. Zhivotnye. Izdanie vtoroe, ispravlennoe [Red book of the Republic of Crimea. Animals. Second edition, revised.], 2016. In: Ivanov, S.P., Fateryga A.V. (eds.). Arial, Simfe-ropol, Russia, 440 p. (In Russian).
Krym. Chast’ I. Geologicheskoe opisanie [Crimea. Part I. Geological description], 1969. In: Sidoren-ko, A.V. (ed.). Nedra, Moscow, USSR, 576 p. (In Russian).
Kukushkin, O.V., 2003a. Osobennosti raspros-traneniya zheltopuzika v Krymu. Chast’ 1. Gornyi Krym [Patterns of the glass lizard distribution in the Crimea. Part 1. Mountain Crimea]. Materia-li naukovoi konferencii, prisvyachennoi 80-richu Kanivskogo prirodnogo zapovidnika“Rol’ prirod-no-zapoidnykh teritoryi u pidtrymanni biorizno-manittya” [Proceedings of scientific conference, dedicated to 80th anniversary of the Kanivs’kyi Na-ture Reserve “The role of nature protected areas in the maintaining of biodiversity”]. Kanivs’kyi Nature Reserve, Kaniv, Ukraine, 225–226. (In Russian).
Kukushkin, O.V., 2003b. Sovremennoe sostoyanie populyatsyi zheltopuzika Pseudopus apodus (Squamata, Anguidae) v Krymu [The current state of the glas lizard Pseudopus apodus (Squamata, Anguidae) populations in Crimea]. Materialy II Mezhdu-narodnoi nauchnoi konferencii “Bioraznoobrazie i rol’ zootsenoza v estestvennykh i antropogennykh ekosistemakh” [Proceedings of the 2d Internatio-nal scientific conference “Biodiversity and the role of zoocenosis in natural and anthropogenic ecosystems”]. Dnepropetrovskyi National University, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine, 217–218. (In Russian).
Kukushkin, O.V., 2004a. Rasprostranenie, biotopicheskoe raspredelenie i chislennost’ sredizemnomor-skogo (krymskogo) gekkona, Cyrtopodion kotschyi danilewskii (Strauch, 1887) (Reptilia, Squama-ta, Gekkonidae), v Yuzhnom Krymu [Distribution, habitat allocation and abundance of the Kotschy’s (Crimean) gecko, Cyrtopodion kotschyi danilewskii (Strauch, 1887) (Reptilia, Squamata, Gekkonidae), in the Southern Crimea]. In: Morozova, A.L., Gniubkin, V.F. (eds.), Sbornik nauchnikh trudov, posvyaschennykh 90-letiyu Karadagskoy nauchnoy stancii im. T.I. Vyazemskogo i 25-letiyu Karadagsko-go prirodnogo zapovednika NAN Ukrainy “Karadag. Isoriya, geologiya, botanika, zoologiya”. Kniga 1 [Collection of scientific paper dedicated to 90th anni-versary of T.I. Vyazemsky Karadag scientific station and 25th anniversary of Karadag Nature Reserve of
NAS of Ukraine “Karadag. History, geology, botany, zoology”. Book 1]. SONAT, Simferopol, Ukraine, 367–396. (In Russian).
Kukushkin, O.V., 2004b. Rasprostranenie, reproduc-tivnye osobennosti, razmerno-vozrastnaya struktura i sovremennoe sostoyanie populyatsyi stepnoyi gadyuki, Vipera renardi (Christoph, 1861), v Krymu [Distribution, reproductive peculiarities, sizeage structure and current state of populations of the steppe viper, Vipera renardi (Christoph, 1861), in the Crimea]. In: Morozova, A.L., Gniubkin, V.F. (eds.), Sbornik nauchnikh trudov, posvyaschen-nykh 90-letiyu Karadagskoy nauchnoy stancii im. T.I. Vyazemskogo I 25-letiyu Karadagskogo prirodnogo zapovednika NAN Ukrainy “Karadag. Isoriya, geologiya, botanika, zoologiya”. Kniga 1 [Collection of scientific paper dedicated to 90th anniversary of T.I. Vyazemsky Karadag scientific station and 25th anniversary of Karadag Nature Re-serve of NAS of Ukraine “Karadag. History, geology, botany, zoology”. Book 1]. SONAT, Simferopol, Ukraine, 397–424. (In Russian).
Kukushkin, O.V., 2005a. Materialy k reproduktivnoyi biologyii sredizemnomorskogo gekkona – Cyrtopo-dion kotschyi danilewskii (Strauch, 1887) v Krymu [Data on reproductive biology of Kotschy’s gecko – Cyrtopodion kotschyi danilewskii (Strauch, 1887) in the Crimea]. Sovremennaya Herpetologiya [Current Studies in Herpetology] 3/4, 84–92. (In Russian).
Kukushkin, O.V., 2005b. K voprosu o sokhranenii krymskogo gekkona (Reptilia, Sauria, Gekkonidae) v natsional’nom arkheologicheskom zapovednike “Khersones Tavricheskyi” (Sevastopol) [On the issue of the preservation of the Crimean gecko (Reptilia, Sauria, Gekkonidae) in the national archaeological reserve “Khersonesos of Taurida” (Sevastopol)]. Materialy III nauchnoy konferencii “Zapovedniki Kry-ma: zapovednoe delo, bioraznoobrazie, ekoobra-zovanie. Chast’ 2. Zoologiya bespozvonochnykh. Zologiya pozvonochnykh. Ekologiya” [Proceedings of 3d scientific conference “Reserves of the Crimea: conservation, biodiversity, environmental education. Part 2. Zoology of invertebrates. Zoology of verte-brates. Ecology]. V.I. Vernadsky Taurida State Uni- versity, Simferopol, Ukraine, 154–159. (In Russian).
Kukushkin, O.V., 2005c. Problemy sokhraneniya krymskogo gekkona (Reptilia, Sauria, Gekkonidae) v arkheologicheskom zapovednike “Khersones Tav-richeskyi” (Sevastopol) [Problems of preservation of the Crimean gecko (Reptilia, Sauria, Gekkonidae) in the archeological reserve “Khersonesos of Taurida” (Sevastopol)]. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi memorialnoi konferencii, posvyaschennoi 140-letiyu osnovaniya Odesskogo natsionalnogo universiteta im. I.I. Mechnikova i 120-y godovschine so dnya rozhdeniya professora I.I. Puzanova “Sovremennye problemy zoologii i ekologii” [Materials of Interna-tional scientific memorial conference dedicated to 140th anniversary of the founding of the I.I. Mech-nikov Odessa National University and 120th anniver-sary of the birth of professor I.I. Puzanov “Current problems of zoology and ecology”]. I.I. Mechnikov Odessa National University, Phoenix, Odessa, Ukraine, 145–148. (In Russian).
Kukushkin, O.V., 2005d. Prodolzhitel’nost’ zimneyi spyachki i osobennosti biologyii krymskogo gek-kona (Mediodactylus kotschyi danilewskii) v period gibernatsyii [A duration of winter diapause and the features of the biology of the Crimean gecko (Medi-odactylus kotschyi danilewskii) during the hibernation period]. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi memorialnoi konferencii, posvyaschennoi 140-le-tiyu osnovaniya Odesskogo natsionalnogo univer-siteta im. I.I. Mechnikova i 120-y godovschine so dnya rozhdeniya professora I.I. Puzanova “Sovre-mennye problemy zoologii i ekologii” [Materials of International scientific memorial conference dedi-cated to 140th anniversary of the founding of the I.I. Mechnikov Odessa National University and 120th anniversary of the birth of professor I.I. Pu-zanov “Current problems of zoology and ecology”]. I.I. Mechnikov Odessa National University, Phoe-nix, Odessa, Ukraine, 148–151. (In Russian).
Kukushkin, O.V., 2005e. O stepnoyi gadyuke (Vipera renardi) na zapadnom poberezhje Kryma [About the steppe viper (Vipera renardi) on the western coast of the Crimea]. Materialy mezhdunarodnoi nauch-no-prakticheskoi konferentsii, posvyaschennoi 70-letiyu Tsentral’no-Chernozyomnogo zapovedni-ka “Izuchenie i sokhranenie prirodnykh ekosustem zapovednikov lesostepnoyi zony” [Proceedings of the International scientific-practical conference dedi-cated to 70th anniversary of the Tsentral’no-Cherno-zemnyi Reserve “Study and preservation of natural ecosystems in reserves of the forest-steppe zone”]. Zapovednyi settlement, Kursk Region, Kursk, Rus-sia, 311–314. (In Russian).
Kukushkin, O.V., 2005f. Problems of preservation of Crimean Gecko (Mediodactylus kotschyi danilewskii) in archaeological reserve “Khersonesos of Tau-rida” (Sebastopol). Programme & Abstracts of the 13th Ordinary General Meeting Societas Europaea Heretologica (S.E.H.). Bonn, Germany, 61.
Kukushkin, O.V., 2006a. O smertnosti krymskogo gek-kona (Reptilia, Sauria, Gekkonidae) v Khersonese Tavricheskom (Sevastopol) pri ekstremal’nom pokholodanii v yanvare 2006 g. [About mortality of the Kotschy’s gecko (Reptilia, Sauria, Gekkonidae) in Khersonesos of Taurida (Sevastopol) during an extreme cold snap in January 2006]. Materialy IX Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi ekologi-cheskoi konferencii “Sovremennye problemy popu-lyatsionnoyi ekologyii” [Proceedings of the 9th Inter-national scientific-practical ecological conference “Current problems of population ecology”]. POLY- TERRA, Belgorod, Russia, 107–109. (In Russian).
Kukushkin, O.V., 2006b. Novye dannye o razm-nozhenii leopardovogo poloza (Reptilia, Serpentes, Colubridae) v Krymu [New data on the reproduction of the Leopard Snake (Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae) in the Crimea]. Ekosistemy, ikh optimi-zatsiya i okhrana [Ecosystems, their optimization and protection] 16, 103–110. (In Russian).
Kukushkin, O.V., 2007. Data on cold tolerance during hibernation in the Crimean Kotschyi’s Gecko. Pro-gramme & Abstracts of the First Mediterranean Herpetological Congress (CMH1). University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco, 88–89.
Kukushkin, O.V., 2008. Data on distribution and morphological variability of the Leopard snake, Zamenis situla (Linnaeus, 1758) (Reptilia: Ser-pentes: Colubridae), from the Crimean Peninsula. Materialy X Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-praktiche-skoi ekologicheskoi konferentsii “Zhivye objekty v usloviyakh antropogennogo pressa” [Proceedings of the 10th International scientific-practical confe-rence “Alive objects in conditions of anthropogenic press”]. POLYTERRA, Belgorod, Russia, 106–107.
Kukushkin, O.V., 2009a. Ob obitanii sredizemno-morskogo golopalogo gekkona, Mediodactylus kotschyi danilewskii (Reptilia, Sauria, Gekkonidae), v srednem lesnom poyase yuzhnogo makrosklona Krymskikh gor [About Inhabitatation of the Kotschy’s naked-toed gecko, Mediodactylus kotschyi dani-lewskii (Reptilia, Sauria, Gekkonidae), in the middle forest belt of southern macroslope of the Crimean mountains]. Pratsi Ukrains’kogo herpetologichnogo tovaristva [Transactions of Ukrainian Herpetological Society] 2, 27–36. (In Russian).
Kukushkin, O.V., 2009b. Vipera renardi puzanovi ssp. nov. (Reptilia, Serpentes, Viperidae) – novyi podvid stepnoyi gadyuki iz Gornogo Kryma [Vipera renar-di puzanovi ssp. nov. (Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae) – a new subspecies of steppe viper from Moun-tain Crimea]. Sovremennaya herpetologiya [Current Studies in Herpetology], 9 (1/2), 18–40. (In Russian).
Kukushkin, O.V., 2013. K utochneniyu granits areala gornokrymskoyi prytkoyi yascheritsy, Lacerta agilis tauridica (Reptilia, Squamata) na Krymskom na-gorje [To the verification of the Limits of distribution range of Lacerta agilis tauridica (Reptilia, Squamata) from the Crimean Upland]. Vestnik zoologii [Bulletin of Zoology] 47 (6), 546. (In Russian).
Kukushkin, O.V., Doronin, I.V., 2013. Osobennosti ras-prostraneniya redkikh aberratsyi okraski u krymskoyi yascheritsy, Podarcis tauricus (Sauria, Lacertidae), v Krymu [Distribution peculiarities of the rare colour aberrations in the Balkan wall lizard, Podarcis tauricus (Sauria, Lacertidae), from the Crimea]. Trudy Zoologicheskogo instituta RAN [Transactions of Zo-ological Institute of the Russian Academy of Scienc-es] 37 (4), 474–493. (In Russian).
Kukushkin, O.V., Karmyshev, Yu.V., 2002. Rasprostranenie i chislennost’ chetyryokhpolosogo poloza (Elaphe quatuorlineata sauromates) v Krymu [Distri-bution and Number of the Four-lined Snake (Elaphe quatuorlineata sauromates) in Crimea]. Vestnik zoologii [Bulletin of Zoology] 36 (1), 8. (In Russian).
Kukushkin, O.V., Karmyshev, Yu.V., 2008. The notes on interpopulation variability and taxonomy of the armoured glass lizard, Pseudopus apodus (Pallas, 1775) (Reptilia: Sauria: Anguidae), from the Crimea. Materialy X Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi ekologicheskoi konferen-tsii “Zhivye objekty v usloviyakh antropogennogo pressa” [Proceedings of the 10th International sci-entific-practical conference “Alive objects in condi-tions of anthropogenic press”]. POLYTERRA, Bel- gorod, Russia, 107–108.
Kukushkin, O.V., Kotenko, T.I., 2003. Osobennosti rasprostraneniya zmeyi na Krymskom poluostrove [Peculiarities of the distribution of snakes on the Crimean Peninsula]. Part 2. Materialy mezhduna-rodnoi konferentsii “Zmei Vostochnoyi Evropy” [Materials of the International conference “Snakes of the Eastern Europe”]. Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin of Russian Academy of Scien-ces, Togliatti, 41–45. (In Russian).
Kukushkin, O.V., Kotenko, T.I., 2013. Kharakteristika klyuchevykh territoryi lokal’noyi ekoseti Vostochno-go Kryma po gerpetologicheskim dannym [Charac-teristics of the key territories of the local ecological network of the Eastern Crimea according to her-petological data]. In: Ivanov, S.P. (ed.), Priroda Vo-stochnogo Kryma. Otsenka bioraznoobraziya i raz-rabotka proekta lokal’noyi ekologicheskoyi seti [Na-ture of the Eastern Crimea. Biodiversity assessment and development of the project of local ecological network]. Kiev, Ukraine, 126–163. (In Russian).
Kukushkin, O.V., Kushchan, N.B., 2015. Materialy k izucheniyu tritona Karelina (Amphibia, Caudata, Salamandridae) v Krymu [Materials to the study of Karelin’s newt (Amphibia, Caudata, Salamand-ridae) in the Crimea]. Sbornik statei II Vserossiy-skoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii “Ustoy-ichivoe razvitie osobo okhranyaemykh prirodnykh territoryi”. T. 2. [Collection of the papers of the 2nd All-Russian scientific-practical conference “Sus-tainable Development of Specially Protected Natu-ral Territories”. Vol. 2]. Nature ornithological park in the Imeretinskaya nizmennost’, Donizdat, Sochi, Russia, 141–151. (In Russian).
Kukushkin, O.V., Sharygin, S.A., 2005. Novye dan-nye po morfologii sredizemnomorskogo gekkona, Mediodactylus kotschyi danilewskii (Reptilia, Gek-konidae), v Krymu [New Data on Morphology of the Mediterranean (Kotschyi’s) (sic!) gecko, Mediodactylus kotschyi danilewskii (Reptilia, Gekkonidae) in Crimea]. Vestnik zoologii [Bulletin of Zoology] 39 (6), 37–49. (In Russian).
Kukushkin, O.V., Sviridenko, E.Yu., 2002. Nakhodki melanisticheskikh osobeyi skal’noyi yascheritsy, Darevskia lindholmi (Reptilia, Sauria, Lacertidae), v Krymu [Finds of Melanistic Specimens of a Rock Lizard Darevskia lindholmi (Reptilia, Sauria, Lacer-tidae) in the Crimea. Vestnik zoologii [Bulletin of Zoology] 36 (3), 98. (In Russian).
Kukushkin, O.V., Tsvelykh, A.N., 2004. Raspros-tranenie i ekologo-morfologicheskie osobennosti leopardovogo poloza, Elaphe situla (Serpentes, Colubridae), v Krymu [Distribution and ecologi-cal-morphological peculiarities of the leopard ratsnake, Elaphe situla (Serpentes, Colubridae), in the Crimea]. Zoologicheskyi zhurnal [Zoological journal] 83 (4), 439–448. (In Russian).
Kukushkin, O.V., Karmyshev, Yu.V., Yaryhin, A.N., Sharygin, S.A., 2013. O sostoyanii izuchennosti re-produktivnoyi biologyii zheltopuzika (Reptilia, Sau-ria, Anguidae) v Krymu [A state of the knowledge about reproductive biology of a giant glass lizard (Reptilia, Sauria, Anguidae) in the Crimea]. Sa-marskaya Luka: Problemy regional’noi i global’noi ekologyii [Samarskaya Luka: Problems of Regional and Global Ecology] 22 (2), 114–125. (In Russian).
Kukushkin, O.V., Dovgal, I.V., Leonov, S.V., Kuschan, N.B., 2016. Polovoyi dimorfizm morfometricheskikh parametrov i osobennosti okraski tritona Karelina (Amphibia, Caudata, Salamandridae) v populyatsii ozera Burchu-Gol’ [Sexual dimorphism of the mor-phometric parameters and peculiarities of the color pattern of Karelin’s newt (Amphibia, Caudata, Sala-mandridae) from the population in Burchu-Gol’ lake]. Sovremennaya herpetologiya [Current Studies in Herpetology] 15 (1/2), 27–42. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.18500/1814-6090-2016-16-1-2-27-42.
Kukushkin, O.V., Doronin, I.V., Tuniyev, B.S., Ananje-va, N.B., Doronina, M.A., 2017a. Introduktsiya zem-novodnykh i presmykayuschikhsya na Kavkaze i v Krymu: obschyi obzor i nekotorye fakty [Introduction of amphibians and reptiles in the Caucasus and Crimea: an overview and some actual data]. Sovre-mennaya herpetologiya [Current Studies in Herpe-tology] 17 (1/2), 157–197. (In Russian). https://doi. org/10.18500/1814-6090-2018-18-3-4-180-187.
Kukushkin, O.V., Petrov, B.P., Nazarov, R.A., Mel-nikov, D.A., 2017b. Problema biogeograficheskogo statusa dvukh uzkoareal’nykh vidov presmykayus-chikhsya Gornogo Kryma i znachenie karstovykh pescher mysa Aya dlya eyo resheniya [The problem of the biogeographical status of two reptiles with nar-row distributions in the Crimean Mountains and the importance of Cape Aya karst caves of Cape Aya for its solution]. Materialy II Vserossiyskoi molodezhnoi konferentsii “Biospeleologicheskie issledovaniya v Rossii i sopredel’nykh gosudarstvakh” [Procee-dings of 2nd All-Russian young scientist conference “Biospeleological studies in Russia and neighboring countries”]. Moscow, Russia, 56–69. (In Russian).
Kukushkin, O.V., Ivanov, A.Yu., Ermakov, O.A., 2018. O geneticheskoyi neodnorodnosti naseleniya ozernykh lyagushek Kryma, vyyavlyaemoyi po rezul’tatam analiza mitokhondrial’noyi i yader-noyi DNK (Pelophylax (ridibundus) complex; Anura, Ranidae) [Genetic heterogeneity of the marsh frog (Pelophylax (ridibundus) complex; Anura, Ranidae) population in Crimea revealed by mito-chondrial and nuclear DNA analysis]. Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniyi. Povolzhskyi re-gion. Estestvennye nauki [Bulletin of High School Education Institutes. Volga Region. Natural Sci-ences] 3 (23), 32–54. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.21685/2307-9150-2018-3-3.
Kulagin, N.M., 1890. K faune presmykayuschikhsya i zemnovodnykh Krymskogo poluostrova [To the fauna of reptiles and amphibians of the Crimean Peninsula]. Izvestia Imperatorskogo Moskovskogo Obschestva lyubiteleyi estestvennoyi istoryii, an-tropologii i etnografii [Bulletin of Emperor Moscow Society of naturalists, anthropologists and ethnog-raphers] 67, Proceedings of Zoological Department 6 (3), 36–40. (In Russian).
Kuzmin, Yu.I., Kukushkin, O.V., 2012. Hexametra quad-ricornis (Nematoda, Ascaridida) from Leopard Snake (Reptilia, Serpentes, Colubridae) in Crimea (Ukraine). Vestnik zoologii [Bulletin of Zoology] 46 (6), 550.
Litvinchuk, S.N., Borkin, L.Ya., 2009. Evolyutsiya, sistematika i rasprostranenie grebenchatykh trito-nov (Triturus cristatus complex) na territorii Rossii i sopredel’nykh stran [Evolution, systematics and distribution of crested newts (Triturus cristatus com-plex) in Russia and adjacent countries]. Europeyisky Dom, St. Petersburg, Russia, 592 p. (In Russian).
Litvinchuk, S.N., Rozanov, Yu.M., Usmanova, N.M., Borkin, L.Ya., Mazanaeva, L.F., Kazakov, V.I., 2006. Izmenchivost’ mikrosatellitov BM224 i Bcal7 v popu-lyatsiyakh zelenykh zhab (Bufo viridis complex), razlichayuschikhsya po razmeru genoma i ploidno-sti [Variation of microsatellites BM224 and Bcal7 in populations of green toads (Bufo viridis complex) with various nuclear DNA content and ploidy]. Tsi-tologiya [Cytology] 48 (4), 306–319. (In Russian).
Lychak, A.I., 1999. Charakteristika landshaftov (1 i 2 zonal’nogo urovnya) [Characteristics of landscapes (1 and 2 zonal level)]. In: Apostolov et al. (eds.), Bi-ologicheskoe i landshaftnoe raznoobrazie Kryma: problemy i perspektivy [Biological and landscape diversity of the Crimea: problems and prospects]. Nauchno-Prakticheskiy diskusionno-analiticheskiy sbornik “Voprosy razvitiya Kryma”. Vypusk 11 [Sci-entific-practical discussion-analytic compilation “Is-sues of the development of the Crimea”. Issue 11]. SONAT, Simferopol, Ukraine, 28–31. (In Russian).
Materialy k kadastru amfibyi i reptilyi basseyina Sred-neyi Volgi [Materials to the cadastre of amphibians and reptiles of the Middle Volga basin. Collection of scientific papers], 2002. Pestov, M.V. (ed.). International Social-ecological Union; Eco-center “Dront”, Nizhnyi Novgorod, Russia, 222 p. (In Russian).
Mazanaeva, L.F., Askenderov, A.D., 2014. Land-shaftno-zonalnoe raspredelenie amphibii i reptilii vo Vnutrigornom Dagestane [Landscape-zonal distribution of amphibians and reptiles in the Intramontane Dagestan]. Vestnik Dagestanskogo nauchnogo Tsentra [Bulletin of the Dagestan sci-entific Center] 54, 53–58. (In Russian).
Mazanaeva, L.F., Tuniyev, B.S., 2011. Zoogeogra-ficheskyi analiz gerpetofauny Dagestana [Zoogeo- graphical analysis of the Dagestan herpetofauna]. Sovremennaya herpetologiya [Current Studies in Herpetology] 11 (1/2), 55–76. (In Russian).
Mizsei, E., Zinenko, O., Sillero, N., Ferri, V., Roussos, S.A., Szabolcs, M., 2018. The distribution of meadow and steppe vipers (Vipera graeca, V. renardi and V. ursinii): a revision of the New Atlas of Amphibian and Reptiles of Europe. Basic and Applied Herpetology 32, 77–83.
Molchanov, E.F., Shcherbatyuk, L.K., Golubeva, I.V., Grigorov, A.N., 1984. Unikal’nyi prirodnyi kom-pleks novogo gosudarstvennogo zakaznika USSR “Mys Aya” [A unique natural complex of the new state reservat of the Ukrainian SSR “Cape Aya”]. “Prirodnye ekosistemy Yuzhnogo berega Kryma” [“Natural ecosystems of the Southern coast of the Crimea”]. Trydy Gosudarstvennogo Nikitskogo bo-tanicheskogo sada [Proceedings of State Nikitsky Botanical Garden] 94, 7–26. (In Russian).
Mollov, I.A., 2005. A study of the amphibians (Am-phibia) and reptiles (Reptilia) from three urban pro-tected areas in the town of Plovdiv (South Bulga-ria). Animalia 41, 79–94.
Muratov, M.V., 1973. Rukovodstvo po uchebnoi geo-logicheskoyi praktike v Krymy. Tom II. Geologiya Krymskogo poluostrova [Guide to educational geo-logical practice in the Crimea. Volume 2. Geology of the Crimean Peninsula]. Nedra, Moscow, USSR, 192 p. (In Russian).
Natchev, N., Tzankov, N., Gemel, R., 2011. Green frog invasion in the Black Sea: habitat ecology of the Pelophylax esculentus complex (Anura, Amphibia) population in the region of Shablenska Tuzla lagoon in Bulgaria. Herpetology Notes 4, 347–351.
Naumov, B., Tzankov, N., Popgeorgiev, G., Stojanov, A., Kornilev, Yu., 2011. The Dice Snake (Natrix tessellata) in Bulgaria: Distribution and Morphology. Mertensiella 18, 288–297.
Nikolaenko, G.M., 1999. Khora Khersonesa Tav-richeskogo. Zemel’nyi kadastr IV–III vv. do n.e. Chast’ 1 [Chora of Khersonesos of Taurida. Land cadastre of the IV–III centuries BC. Part I]. National Rezerve “Khersonesos of Taurida”, Sevastopol, Ukraine, 84 p. (In Russian).
Nikolsky, A.M., 1891. Pozvonochnye zhivotnye Kry-ma [Vertebrate animals of Crimea]. Notes of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, Physical-mathe-matical department 68 (4), 484 p. (In Russian).
Nikolsky, A.M., 1905. Presmykayuschiesya i zem-novodnye Rossyiskoyi Imperii (Herpetologia rossica) [Reptiles and amphibians of the Russian Em-pire (Herpetologia rossica)]. Notes of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, Physical-mathematical de-partment 17 (1), 517 p. (In Russian).
Pallas, P.S., 1831. Zoographia rosso-asiatica. Tome 3. Animalia monocardia seu frigidi sanguinis. Academiae Scientarum Impress, Petropoli, Rus-sia, 549 p. (In Latin).
Pallas, P.S., 1999. Nablyudeniya, sdelannye vo vremya puteshestviya po yuzhnym namestnichestvam Russkogo gosudarstva v 1793–1794 godakh [Observations made during a jorney to the southern provinces of the Russian state in 1793–1794]. Nauka, Moscow, Russia, 246 p. (In Russian).
Peel, M.C., Finlayson, B.L., McMahon, T.A., 2007. Updated world map of the Koppen-Geiger cli-mate classification. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 4, 439–473. https://hal.ar-chives-ouverts.fr/hal-00305098.
Petrov, B.P., 2007. Amphibians and reptiles of Bulga-ria: fauna, vertical distribution, zoogeography, and conservation. In: Fet, V., Popov, A. (eds.), Biogeog-raphy and Ecology of Bulgaria. Springer, 85–107.
Podgorodetsky, P.D., 1988. Krym: Priroda. Spravoch-noe izdanie [The Crimea: Nature. Reference edi-tion]. Tavria, Simferopol, USSR, 192 p. (In Russian).
Psonis, N., Antoniou, A., Kukushkin, O., Jablonski, D., Petrov, B., Crnobrnja-Isailović, J., Sotiropoulos, K., Gherghel, I., Lymberakis, P., Poulakakis, N., 2017. Hidden diversity in the Podarcis tauricus (Sauria, Lacertidae) species subgroup in the light of multilocus phylogeny and species delimitation. Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution 106, 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.09.007.
Psonis, N., Antoniou, A., Karameta, E., Leache, A.D., Kotsakiozi, P., Darriba, D., Kozlov, A., Stamatakis, A., Poursanidis, D., Kukushkin, O., Jablonski, D., Crnobrnja-Isailović, J., Gherghel, I., Lymberakis, P., Poulakakis, N., 2018. Resolving complex phylo-geographic patterns in the Balkan Peninsula using closely related wall-lizard species as a model sys-tem. Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution 125, 100–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.03.021.
Pulev, A.N., 2016. Zoogeografsko rayionirane na Blgariya vz osnova na razprostranenieto na her-petofaunata [Zoogeographical division of Bulgaria, based on herpertophauna spreading]. Synopsis of PhD Research Theses. Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria, 41 p. (In Bulgarian).
Puzanov, I.I., 1929. Zhivotnyi mir Kryma [Animal Kingdom of the Crimea]. Simferopol, Krymgosiz-dat, 34 p. (In Russian).
Puzanov, I.I., 1949. Svoeobrazie fauny Kryma i eyo proiskhozhdenie [Singularity of the fauna of Crimea and its origin]. Uchenye zapiski Gor’kovs-kogo gos. universita [Scientific Notes of the Gor’kyi State University] 14, 5–32. (In Russian).
Pysanets, E.M., 2003. Khvostatye amfibii (Amphibia: Caudata) Katalog kollektsyi Zoologicheskogo muzeya NNPM NAN Ukrainy [The Tailed Amphibi-ans (Amphibia: Caudata). Catalogue of Collection of Zoological Museum NMNH, NAS of Ukraine]. Zoomuseum NMNH NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, 148 p. (In Russian).
Pysanets, E., Kukushkin, O., 2016. Amphibians of the Crimea. National Museum of Natural History, NAS of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine, 320 p.
Pysanets, E.M., Litvinchuk, S.N., Kurtyak, F.F., Rad-chenko, V.I., 2005. Zemnovodnye Krasnoyi knigi Ukrainy (Spravochnik-kadastr) [The amphibians of Ukrainian Red Book (Handbook – cadastre)]. Zoomuseum NMNH NAS of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine, 230 p. (In Russian).
Seregin, A.P., 2008. Contribution to the vascular flora of the Sevastopol area (the Crimea): a checklist and new records. Flora Mediterranea, 18, 171–246.
Sharygin, S.A., 1977. Ekologiya krumskogo gekkona [Ecology of the Crimean gecko]. Letopis’ prirody gosudarstvennogo zapovednika “Mys Martyan”, Kniga 4 [Annals of nature of the State Reserve “Cape Martyan”, Book 4] (manuscript). State Ni-kitsky botanical garden, Yalta, USSR, 158–203.
Sharygin, S.А., 1980. Sezonnaya i sutochnaya ak-tivnost’ krymskogo gekkona [Seasonal and daily activity of the Crimean gecko]. Tezisy dokladov Vsesoyuznoi konferentsii “Sezonnaya ritmika redkikh i ischezayuschikh vidov rastenyi i zhivotnykh” [Abstracts of the reports of the All-Union conference “Seasonal rhythmics of rare and endangered species of plants and animals”]. Moscow Branch of the Geographical Society of the USSR, Moscow, Russia, 171–173. (In Russian).
Sharygin, S.A., 1983. K izucheniyu redkikh vidov gerpetofauny Kryma [To the study of rare species of the Crimean herpetofauna]. Tezisy Vsesoyuznoi konferentsii molodykh uchenykh “Okhrana zhivoyi prirody” [Abstracts of the All-Union conference of young scientists “Wildlife Conservation”]. VASKhNIL, Moscow, Russia, 212–213. (In Russian).
Sharygin, S.A., 1984. O rasprostranenii krymskogo gekkona [On the geographical distribution of the Crimean Gecko]. In: Kubantsev, B.S., Zhukova, T.I., Zinyakova, M.P. (eds.), Fauna i ekologiya am-phibii i reptilii [Fauna and Ecology of Amphibians and Reptiles]. Kubanskyi State University, Krasno- dar, Russia, 49–54. (In Russian).
Sindaco, R., Venchi, A., Carpaneto, G.M., Bologna, M.A., 2000. The reptiles of Anatolia: a checklist and zoogeographical analysis. Biogeography 21, 441–554.
Sobolevssky, N.I., 1930. Novaya forma Lacerta (Rep-tilia) iz Kryma [New Form of the Genus Lacerta (Reptilia) from the Crimea]. Izvestiya Assotsiatsyii issledovatel’skikh institutov pri fiziko-matematich-eskom fakultete Pervogo Moskovskogo gosudarst-vennogo universiteta [Bulletin of Research Institute Association, Physical-mathematical Faculty of the First Moscow State University] 3 (2-A), 129–143. (In Russian).
Stöck, M., Dufresnes, Ch., Litvinchuk, S.N., Lym-berakis, P., Biollay, S., Berroneau, M., Borzée, A., Ghali, K., Ogielska, M., Perrin, N., 2012. Cryptic diversity among Western Palearctic tree frogs: Postglacial range expansion, range limits, and secondary contacts of three European tree frog lineages (Hyla arborea group). Molecular Phy- logenetics & Evolution 65, 1–9. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.05.014.
Strauch, A., 1887. Bemerkungen über die Geckoni-den-Sammlung im Zoologischen Museum der Kai-serlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St. Petersburg. Memoires L’Académie Impériale des Sci-enses de St.-Pétersbourg, VII série 35 (2), 1–74. (in German).
Sukhareva, A.O., Oskolskaya, O.I., 2009. Ekologi-cheskoe sostoyanie i perspektivy zapovedaniya prirodnogo kompleksa Chilter (Zapadnyi Krym) [Ecological state and prospects for the preservation of the natural complex of Chilter (Western Crimea)]. Ekosystemy, ikh optimizatsiya i okhrana [Ecosystems, their optimization and protection] 20, 212–223. (In Russian).
Suryadna, N.M., Pysanets, E.M., 2010. Zemnovod-ni (Amphibia: Caudata, Anura). Katalog kolektsyi. Vip. 1 [Amphibians (Amphibia: Caudata, Anura). Catalogue of collections. Issue 1]. Vidavnychyi bu-dynok MMD, Melitopol, Ukraine, 92 p. (In Ukrainian).
Sviridenko, E.Yu., Kukushkin, O.V., 2005. Zametki o rasprostranenii i chislennosti prytkoyi yascheritsy, Lacerta agilis (Reptilia, Sauria, Lacertidae) v Gornom Krymu [Notes on the distribution and number of the sand lizard, Lacerta agilis (Reptilia, Sauria, Lacertidae) in the Mountain Crimea]. Materiali Pershoi konferentsii Ukrainskogo gerpetologichnogo tovaristva [Proceedings of the First Conference of the Ukrainian Herpetological Society]. Kyiv, Ukraine, 158–161. (In Russian).
Sviridenko, E.Yu., Popov, V.N., 2007. Materialy po ekologii Lacerta agilis and Podarcis taurica (Reptilia, Lacertidae) v Krymu [Materials on ecology of Lacerta agilis and Podarcis taurica (Reptilia, Lacertidae) in Crimea]. Naukovyi visnyk Uzhgo-rods’kogo universitetu (Seriya Biologiya) [Science Bulletin of Uzhgorod University. Serie Biology] 21, 124–127. (In Russian).
Shcherbak, N.N., 1982. Grundzüge einer herpetogeographischen Gliederung der Paläarctis. Verte-brata Hungarica 21, 227–239. (In German).
Shcherbak, N.N., 1960. Novye dannye o krymskom gekkone (Gymnodactylus kotschyi danilewskii Str.) [New Data on the Crimean Gecko (Gymnodactylus kotschyi danilewskii Str.)]. Zoologicheskyi zhurnal [Zoological journal] 39 (9), 1390–1397. (In Russian).
Shcherbak, N.N., 1966. Zemnovodnye i presmykayu-schiesya Kryma (Herpetologia Taurica) [Amphibi-ans and reptiles of Crimea (Herpetologia Taurica)]. Naukova dumka, Kiev, USSR, 240 p. (In Russian).
Shcherbak, N.N., 1984. O zoogeograficheskom statuse Sredizemnomorja [On the zoogeographic status of the Mediterranean]. In: Kubantsev, B.S., Zhukova, T.I., Zinyakova, M.P. (eds.), Fauna i ekologiya amfibyi i reptilyi [Fauna and ecology of amphibians and reptiles]. Kubanskyi State Univer- sity, Krasnodar, Russia, 4–9. (In Russian).
Shcherbak, N.N., 1988. Presmykayuschiesya [Rep-tiles]. In: Sytnik, K.M. (ed.), Redkie i ischezayu-schie rasteniya i zhivotnye Ukrainy. Spravoch-nik [Rare and endangered plants and animals of Ukraine. Reference book]. Naukova dumka, Kiev, USSR, 160–165. (In Russian).
Tarashchuk, V.I., 1959. Fauna Ukrayiny. Tom 7. Zem-novodni ta plazuny [Fauna of the Ukraine. Volume 7. Amphibians and reptiles]. Academy of Scienses of Ukrainskaya SSR, Kyiv, USSR, 246 p. (In Ukrainian).
Temple, H.J., Cox, N.A., 2009. European Red List of Amphibians. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 33 p.
Transformatsiya landshaftno-ekologicheskikh protsessov v Krymy v XX veke – nachale XXI veka [Transformation of landscape-ecological processes in Crimea in XX century – beginning of the XXI century], 2010. Bokov, V.A. (ed.). DOLYA, Simferopol, Ukraine, 304 p. (In Russian).
Tunyiev, B.S., 1995. On the Mediterranean influence on the formation of herpetofauna of the Caucasian Isthmus and its main xerophylous refugua. Russian Journal of Herpetology 2 (2), 95–119.
Tunyiev B., Tuniyev S., Kirschey T., Mebert K., 2011. Notes on the Dice Snake (Natrix tessellata) from the Caucasian Isthmus. Mertensiella 18, 343–356.
Turbanov, I.S., Kukushkin, O.V., Vargovitsh, R.S., 2019. Amphibians and reptiles in the subterranean cavities of the Crimean Mountains. Russian Journal of Herpetology 26 (1), 29–53. https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2019-26-1-29-53.
Uetz, P., Freed, P., Hosek, J. 2018. The Reptile Database. Web page. URL: http//:www.reptile-database.org (accessed: 22.04.2019).
Urošević, A., Tomović, L., Ajtić, R., Simović, A., Džukić, G., 2016. Alterations in the reptilian fauna of Serbia: Introduction of exotic and anthropogenic range expansion of native species. Herpetozoa 28 (3/4), 115–132.
Ved’, I.P., 2000. Klimaticheskyi atlas Kryma [Climatic atlas of the Crimea]. Tavriya-Plus, Simferopol, Ukraine, 120 p. (In Russian).
Vedmederya, V.I., Zinenko, O.I., Goncharenko, L.A., 2007. Katalog kollektsyi Muzeya prirody Khar’kovskogo natsional’nogo universiteta imeni V.N. Karazina. Zmei (Reptilia: Serpentes) [Catalogue of collections of the Museum of Nature at V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University. Snakes (Reptilia: Serpentes)]. V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University, Kharkov, Ukraine, 82 p. (In Russian).
Vigna Taglianti, A., Audisio, P., Biondi, M., Bologna, M., Carpaneto, G., De Biase, A., Fattorini, S., Piattella, E., Sindaco, R., Venchi, A., Zapparoli, M., 1999. A proposal for a chorotype classification of the Near East fauna, in the framework of the Western Palearctic region. Biogeographia 20, 31–59.
Voinstvensky, M.A., 2006. Dnevniki krymskikh ekspeditsyi 1957 i 1958 gg. [Diaries of the Crimean expeditions of 1957 and 1958]. Avifauna Ukrainy [Avifauna of the Ukraine] 3, 3–42. (In Russian).
Vozniychuk, O.P., Kuranova, V.N., 2008. Zemnovodnye i presmykayuschiesya Katunskogo zapovednika i sopredel’noyi territorii (Tsentral’nyi Altai) [Amphibians and Reptiles of Katun Nature Reserve and adjacent territories (the Central Altai)]. Sovremennaya herpetologiya [Current Studies in Herpetology] 8 (2), 101–117. (In Russian).
Yena, An.V., 1986. Sovremennoe sostoyanie krymskikh populyatsyi zemlyanichnika melkoplodnogo [Current state of the Crimean populations of the Greek strawberry tree]. Prirodookhrannye aspekty izucheniya Gornogo Kryma [Environmental aspects of the study of the Mountain Crimea]. Simferopol State University, Simferopol, USSR, 26–30. (In Russian).
Yena, An.V., Ena, Al.V., 1991. O mezhkomponentnykh svyazyakh na granitsakh biogeotsenozov v Krymskom subsredizemnomorje [On intercomponent connections at the boundaries of biogeocenoses in the Crimean Sub-Mediterranean]. Ekologicheskie aspekty okhrany prirody Kryma [Ecological foundations of the protection of the nature of the Crimea]. UMK VO, Kiev, Ukraine, 27–29. (In Russian).
Yena, V.G., Yena, Al.V., Yena, An.V., 2004. Zapovednye landshafty Tavridy [Protected landscapes of Taurida]. Biznes-Inform, Simferopol, Ukraine, 424 p. (In Russian).
Yudin, V.V., 2009. Geologicheskaya karta i razrezy Gornogo, Predgornogo Kryma [Geological map and sections of the Mountain and Piedmont Crimea]. Scale 1:200 000. Cartographic factory VSEGEI, St. Petersburg, Russia. (In Russian).
Zinenko, A.I., Goncharenko, L.A., 2011. Katalog kollektsii Muzeya prirody Khar’kovskogo natsionalnogo universiteta im V.N. Karazina. Reptilii (Reptilia): Kluvogolovye (Rhynchocephalia); Cheshuychatye (Squamata): Yascheritsy (Sauria), Dvukhodki (Amphisbaenia) [Catalogue of collections of the Museum of Nature at V. N. Karazin Kharkov National University. Reptiles (Reptilia): Rhynchocephalia; Squamata: Lizards (Sauria), Amphisbaenians (Amphisbaenia)]. V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University, Kharkov, Ukraine, 100 p. (In Russian).
Zinenko, A.I., Korshunov, A.V., Tupikov, A.I., 2014. Amfibii i reptilii natsionalnogo prirodnogo parka “Dvurechanskyi” [Amphibia and Reptilia of the National Nature Park “Dvurechanskyi”]. Visnyk Kharkivskogo natsional’nogo universitetu imeni V.N. Karazina. Seriya: Biologiya [Bulletin of V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University. Series: Biology] 1097 (19), 68–74. (In Russian).
Zubar’, V.M., 1993. Khersones Tavricheskyi v antichnuyu epokhu (ekonomika i sotsial’nye otnosheniya) [Khersonesos of Taurida in ancient epoch (economics and social relations)]. Naukova dumka, Kiev, Ukraine, 138 p. (In Russian).
Keywords: amphibians, reptiles, population status, specially protected natural area, Crimean Peninsula
For citation: Kukushkin, O.V., Trofimov, A.G., Turbanov I.S., Slodkevich, V.Ya., 2019. Herpetofauna of Sevastopol city (southwestern Crimea): species composition, zoogeographic analysis, landscape-zonal distribution, current status and protection. Ecosystem Transformation 2 (4), 4–62.