ORIGINAL ARTICLE   

Journal of Neurosurgical Sciences 2022 August;66(4):371-7

DOI: 10.23736/S0390-5616.22.05715-0

Copyright © 2022 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA

language: English

Pycnogenol® supplementation alleviates symptoms of Parkinson’s disease with mild cognitive impairment

Gianni BELCARO ¹ ✉, Maria R. CESARONE ¹, Shu HU ¹, Morio HOSOI ¹, Andrea LEDDA ¹, Beatrice FERAGALLI ^{1, 2}, Aristide SAGGINO ³, Roberto COTELLESE ²

¹ IRVINE3 Labs, Chieti-Pescara University, Chieti, Italy; ² Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. D’ Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy; ³ Department of Psychology, G. D’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy

BACKGROUND: The aim of this pilot registry study was to assess the preventive effect of an 8-week Pycnogenol^® (French maritime pine bark extract) supplementation on symptoms, such as cognitive and motor aspects, in subjects with Parkinson’s disease (PD).
METHODS: The study was based on five types of observations: a. Karnofsky performance scale index; b. oxidative stress markers in plasma (plasma free radicals, PFR); c. the main signs and symptoms, evaluated by a physician; d. face motion and expressions and their symmetry, recorded with a high-speed video camera.
RESULTS: A total of 79 patients were included in the study: 39 controls using only standard management (SM) and 40 subjects supplemented with Pycnogenol^® 150 mg/day. At inclusion, the two groups (SM and SM+Pycnogenol^®) were comparable for age, symptoms, Karnofsky performance scale rating and for the management of PD. Likewise, oxidative stress and the presence of peripheral edema were also comparable between the two groups. No side effects of supplementation were observed. There were no tolerability problems. At the end of the study after 8 weeks, the Karnofsky performance index was significantly (P<0.05) higher with Pycnogenol^® compared to controls. Also, the proportion of patients with a clinically visible peripheral edema decreased significantly over 8 weeks with Pycnogenol^® compared to controls (P<0.05). Plasma oxidative stress was significantly lower with Pycnogenol^® (P<0.05). The scores of PD main signs/symptoms like tremor, bradykinesia, alterations in cognitive functions, rigidity and speech impairment were significantly lower in the Pycnogenol^® group compared to controls (P<0.05). Face expression evaluation showed a marked asymmetry at inclusion. Over 8-week supplementation, facial expression scores for visible and subliminal asymmetry, altered facial responses, altered shoulder motion and altered emotional pattern improved significantly in the Pycnogenol^® group compared to controls (P<0.05) where the scores did not change significantly.
CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, according to this pilot registry study, Pycnogenol^® supplementation helps patients with moderate, well-controlled PD - under stable treatment - to attenuate most signs and symptoms and life-relational aspects associated with Parkinson-related cognitive impairment.

KEY WORDS: Parkinson disease; Cognition; Oxidative stress