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Triaxial Shear Behavior And Microstructure Of Microbially Treated Sand Specimens

Year 2023, Volume: 26 Issue: 4, 1675 - 1682, 01.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.986565

Abstract

The use of bacteria induced calcite cementation for ground improvement presents a relatively new option for geotechnical engineers, one that has the potential to revolutionize the way that we improve soils to prevent liquefaction-induced damage. This technique uses non-pathogenic organisms which are found naturally in the soil environment to cement sand particles together at their particle-to-particle contacts. There is significant potential for a reduction in environmental concerns on various types of projects; in the long-term, this technique may also prove to be an extremely sustainable form of ground improvement. Consequently, the goal of the research described herein is to enhance the state-of-the-art with respect to our understanding of controlling biological cementation processes in soil. Bio-treatment of sand specimens was performed using a commonly encountered urea-producing soil microorganism called Sporosarcina Pasteurii (ATCC-6453). Microorganisms that were suspended in solution were introduced to the soil, and over time the microorganisms were supplied with necessary nutrients via cycling with a peristaltic pump. After bio-treatment, the specimens were back pressure saturated, isotropically consolidated, and sheared under undrained conditions. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging was performed to examine the soil microstructure over a range of specimen curing periods to assess the nature of any cementitious bonds that may have formed.

Thanks

The author thanks Prof. Christopher L. Meehan for his valuable advisory and guidance during the study. The author would like to thank the Delaware Biotechnology Institute (DBI) at the University of Delaware for providing soil microstructure analysis using a scanning electron microscope. The author would also like to thank the Republic of Turkey Ministry of National Education for her educational support.

References

  • [1] Ferris, F. G., & Stehmeier, L. G., “Bacteriogenetic mineral plugging”, Patent number: 5143155.US. Patent Office. Washington DC., 19, (1992).
  • [2] Hammes, F. S., Van Hege, K. , Van de Wiele, T., Vanderdeelen, J., Siciliano, S.,Verstraete, W., “Calcium removal from industrial wastewater by biocataltic CaCO3 precipitation”, Journal of Chemical Technology Biotechnology, 78, 670-677, (2003).
  • [3] Mitchell, A. C., Ferris, F. G., “The Influence of Bacillus pasteurii on the Nucleation and Growth of Calcium Carbonate”, Geomicrobiology Journal, 23, 213-226, (2005).
  • [4] Levrel, G. L., Castanier, S., Orial, G., Loubiere, F., Perthuisot, J. P., “Application of bacterial carbonatogenesis to the protection and regeneration of limestones in buildings and historic patrimony”, Sedimentary Geology,Vol. 126, 25-34, (1999).
  • [5] Ferris, F. G., Phoenix, V., Fujita, Y., Smith, R. W., “Kinetics of calcite precipitation induced by ureolytic bacteria at 10◦C to 20◦C in artificial groundwater”, Geochem Cosmochim Acta , 67, 1701-1722, (2003).
  • [6] Gollapudi, U. K., Knutson, C. L., Bang, S. S., Islam, M. R. “A New Method For Controlling Leaching Through Permeable Channels”, Chemosphere, Vol. 30, 695-705, (1995).
  • [7] Ramachandran, S. K., Ramakrishnan, V., & Bang, S. S., “Remediation of concrete using micro-organisms”, ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 98 , 3 ̶ 9, (2001).
  • [8] Achal, V, Mukerjee, A., Reddy, M.S., “Biogenic treatment improves the durability and remediates the cracks of concrete structures”, Constraction and Building Materials, 46, 1 ̶-5, (2013).
  • [9] Lo Bianco, A., & Madonia, G., “B.U.L.M. technique for increase of the bearing capacity in the pavement layers subjected to biological treatment”, University of Palermo, 4th International Siiv Congress, Palermo (Italy),16, (2007).
  • [10] Ivanov, V., & Chu, J., “Applications of microorganisms to geotechnical engineering for bioclogging and biocementation of soil in situ”, Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology, 7, 139-153, (2008).
  • [11] Chou, C. W., Seagren E. A., Aydilek A. H., and Lai M, “Biocalcification of sand through ureolysis”, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 137(12), 1179-1189, (2011).
  • [12] Chu, J., Stabnikov, V., and Ivanov, V.,“Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation on surface or in the bulk of soil”, Geomicrobiology Journal, 29(6), 544-549, (2012).
  • [13] Canakci, H., & Cabalar, A. F., “Improvement of a Sand Matrice Using Biopolymer-Forming Bacteria”, Proc. of International conference on new developments in soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering Lefkose, N. Cyprus, (2003).
  • [14] Dejong, J. T., Fritzges, M. B., & Nusslein, K., “Microbially Induced Cementation to Control Sand Response to Undrained Shear”, Journel of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering ASCE, 1090-0241, 1381-1392, (2006).
  • [15] Al Qabany, A., and Soga, K., “Effect of chemical treatment used in MICP on engineering properties of cemented soils”, Géotechnique, 63(4), 331–339, (2013).
  • [16] Venda Oliveira, P.J., Costa, M.S., Costa, J.N.P., Nobre, M.F., “Comparison of the ability of two bacteria to improve the behavior of a sandy soil”, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 27, 1943 ̶ 5533, (2015).
  • [17] Bang, S. S., Galinat, J. K., & Ramakrishnan, V., “Calcite precipitation induced by polyurethane-immobilized Bacillus pasteurii”, Enzyme and Microbial Technology,28 , 404-409, (2001).
  • [18] Ramakrishnan, V., “Performance characteristics of bacterial concrete-a smart biomaterial”, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Recent Advances in Concrete Technology, Washington, DC , 67 ̶ 78, (2007).
  • [19] Jonkers, H. M., Thijssen, A., Muyzer, G., Copuroglu, O., Schlangen, E. (2009). “Application of bacteria as self-healing agent for the development of sustainable concrete”, Ecological Engineering, 3-6, (2009).
  • [20] Sarda, D., Choonia, S., Sarode, D. D., & Lele, S. S., “Biocalcification by Bacillus pasteurii urease: a novel application”, Jeo Industrial Microbiol Biotechnol , 36, 1111-1115, (2009).
  • [21] Gomez, M.G., Anderson, M., Graddyy, C.M.R., Dejong, J. T., Nelson, D.C., Ginn, T. R., “Large-scale comparison of bioaugmentation and biostimulation approaches for biocementation of sands”, Journal of Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 143 (3), 1943-5606, (2016).
  • [22] Jiang, N.J., Soga, K., Kuo, M., “Microbiologically induced carbonate precipitation for seepage-induced internal erosion control in sand-clay mixture”, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 143 (3), 1943-5606, (2017).
  • [23] Ozdogan, A., “A Study on the Triaxial Shear Behavior and Microstructure of Biologically Treated Sand Specimens”, Master’s Thesis, University of Delaware, US, (2010).
  • [24] ASTM., Designation: D 1556-00, “Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Sand-Cone Method”, West Conshohocken, PA, (2000).
  • [25] ASTM., Designation: D 422, “Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils”, West Conshohocken, PA, (1998).
  • [26] ASTM., Designation: D 2487-06, “Standart Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)”, West Conshohocken, PA, (2006).
  • [27] Chen, Y., “An experimental investigation of the behavior of compacted clay/sand mixtures”, Master's Thesis, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, (2010).
  • [28] Yamamuro, J. A., Lade, P. V., “Static liquefaction of very loose sands”, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 34, 905 ̶ 917, (1997).
  • [29] Gallagher, P. M., Mitchell, J. K., “Influence of Colloidal Silica Grout on Liquefaction Potential and Cyclic Undrained Behavior of Loose Sand”, Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering , 22, 1017-1026, (2002).
  • [30] Fritzges, M. B., “Biologically Induced Improvement of the Response of Sands”, Master's Thesis, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 111, (2005).
  • [31] Baxter, C. D., Bradshaw, A. S., & Veyera, G. E.,“Liquefaction Potential of Inorganic and Organic Silts”, URITC Project No.00060, University of Rhode Island, 42, (2005).
  • [32] ASTM., Designation: D 4767-04, “Standart Test Method for Consolidated Undrained Triaxial Compression Test for Cohesive Soils”, West Conshohocken, PA, (2004).

Mikrobiyolojik Yöntemle Çimentolanmış Kum Örneginin Üç Eksenli Kesme Davranışı Ve Mikroyapısının Incelenmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 26 Issue: 4, 1675 - 1682, 01.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.986565

Abstract

The use of bacteria induced calcite cementation for ground improvement presents a relatively new option for geotechnical engineers, one that has the potential to revolutionize the way that we improve soils to prevent liquefaction-induced damage. This technique uses non-pathogenic organisms which are found naturally in the soil environment to cement sand particles together at their particle-to-particle contacts. There is significant potential for a reduction in environmental concerns on various types of projects; in the long-term, this technique may also prove to be an extremely sustainable form of ground improvement. Consequently, the goal of the research described herein is to enhance the state-of-the-art with respect to our understanding of controlling biological cementation processes in soil. Bio-treatment of sand specimens was performed using a commonly encountered urea-producing soil microorganism called Sporosarcina Pasteurii (ATCC-6453). Microorganisms that were suspended in solution were introduced to the soil, and over time the microorganisms were supplied with necessary nutrients via cycling with a peristaltic pump. After bio-treatment, the specimens were back pressure saturated, isotropically consolidated, and sheared under undrained conditions. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging was performed to examine the soil microstructure over a range of specimen curing periods to assess the nature of any cementitious bonds that may have formed.

References

  • [1] Ferris, F. G., & Stehmeier, L. G., “Bacteriogenetic mineral plugging”, Patent number: 5143155.US. Patent Office. Washington DC., 19, (1992).
  • [2] Hammes, F. S., Van Hege, K. , Van de Wiele, T., Vanderdeelen, J., Siciliano, S.,Verstraete, W., “Calcium removal from industrial wastewater by biocataltic CaCO3 precipitation”, Journal of Chemical Technology Biotechnology, 78, 670-677, (2003).
  • [3] Mitchell, A. C., Ferris, F. G., “The Influence of Bacillus pasteurii on the Nucleation and Growth of Calcium Carbonate”, Geomicrobiology Journal, 23, 213-226, (2005).
  • [4] Levrel, G. L., Castanier, S., Orial, G., Loubiere, F., Perthuisot, J. P., “Application of bacterial carbonatogenesis to the protection and regeneration of limestones in buildings and historic patrimony”, Sedimentary Geology,Vol. 126, 25-34, (1999).
  • [5] Ferris, F. G., Phoenix, V., Fujita, Y., Smith, R. W., “Kinetics of calcite precipitation induced by ureolytic bacteria at 10◦C to 20◦C in artificial groundwater”, Geochem Cosmochim Acta , 67, 1701-1722, (2003).
  • [6] Gollapudi, U. K., Knutson, C. L., Bang, S. S., Islam, M. R. “A New Method For Controlling Leaching Through Permeable Channels”, Chemosphere, Vol. 30, 695-705, (1995).
  • [7] Ramachandran, S. K., Ramakrishnan, V., & Bang, S. S., “Remediation of concrete using micro-organisms”, ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 98 , 3 ̶ 9, (2001).
  • [8] Achal, V, Mukerjee, A., Reddy, M.S., “Biogenic treatment improves the durability and remediates the cracks of concrete structures”, Constraction and Building Materials, 46, 1 ̶-5, (2013).
  • [9] Lo Bianco, A., & Madonia, G., “B.U.L.M. technique for increase of the bearing capacity in the pavement layers subjected to biological treatment”, University of Palermo, 4th International Siiv Congress, Palermo (Italy),16, (2007).
  • [10] Ivanov, V., & Chu, J., “Applications of microorganisms to geotechnical engineering for bioclogging and biocementation of soil in situ”, Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology, 7, 139-153, (2008).
  • [11] Chou, C. W., Seagren E. A., Aydilek A. H., and Lai M, “Biocalcification of sand through ureolysis”, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 137(12), 1179-1189, (2011).
  • [12] Chu, J., Stabnikov, V., and Ivanov, V.,“Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation on surface or in the bulk of soil”, Geomicrobiology Journal, 29(6), 544-549, (2012).
  • [13] Canakci, H., & Cabalar, A. F., “Improvement of a Sand Matrice Using Biopolymer-Forming Bacteria”, Proc. of International conference on new developments in soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering Lefkose, N. Cyprus, (2003).
  • [14] Dejong, J. T., Fritzges, M. B., & Nusslein, K., “Microbially Induced Cementation to Control Sand Response to Undrained Shear”, Journel of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering ASCE, 1090-0241, 1381-1392, (2006).
  • [15] Al Qabany, A., and Soga, K., “Effect of chemical treatment used in MICP on engineering properties of cemented soils”, Géotechnique, 63(4), 331–339, (2013).
  • [16] Venda Oliveira, P.J., Costa, M.S., Costa, J.N.P., Nobre, M.F., “Comparison of the ability of two bacteria to improve the behavior of a sandy soil”, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 27, 1943 ̶ 5533, (2015).
  • [17] Bang, S. S., Galinat, J. K., & Ramakrishnan, V., “Calcite precipitation induced by polyurethane-immobilized Bacillus pasteurii”, Enzyme and Microbial Technology,28 , 404-409, (2001).
  • [18] Ramakrishnan, V., “Performance characteristics of bacterial concrete-a smart biomaterial”, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Recent Advances in Concrete Technology, Washington, DC , 67 ̶ 78, (2007).
  • [19] Jonkers, H. M., Thijssen, A., Muyzer, G., Copuroglu, O., Schlangen, E. (2009). “Application of bacteria as self-healing agent for the development of sustainable concrete”, Ecological Engineering, 3-6, (2009).
  • [20] Sarda, D., Choonia, S., Sarode, D. D., & Lele, S. S., “Biocalcification by Bacillus pasteurii urease: a novel application”, Jeo Industrial Microbiol Biotechnol , 36, 1111-1115, (2009).
  • [21] Gomez, M.G., Anderson, M., Graddyy, C.M.R., Dejong, J. T., Nelson, D.C., Ginn, T. R., “Large-scale comparison of bioaugmentation and biostimulation approaches for biocementation of sands”, Journal of Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 143 (3), 1943-5606, (2016).
  • [22] Jiang, N.J., Soga, K., Kuo, M., “Microbiologically induced carbonate precipitation for seepage-induced internal erosion control in sand-clay mixture”, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 143 (3), 1943-5606, (2017).
  • [23] Ozdogan, A., “A Study on the Triaxial Shear Behavior and Microstructure of Biologically Treated Sand Specimens”, Master’s Thesis, University of Delaware, US, (2010).
  • [24] ASTM., Designation: D 1556-00, “Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Sand-Cone Method”, West Conshohocken, PA, (2000).
  • [25] ASTM., Designation: D 422, “Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils”, West Conshohocken, PA, (1998).
  • [26] ASTM., Designation: D 2487-06, “Standart Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)”, West Conshohocken, PA, (2006).
  • [27] Chen, Y., “An experimental investigation of the behavior of compacted clay/sand mixtures”, Master's Thesis, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, (2010).
  • [28] Yamamuro, J. A., Lade, P. V., “Static liquefaction of very loose sands”, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 34, 905 ̶ 917, (1997).
  • [29] Gallagher, P. M., Mitchell, J. K., “Influence of Colloidal Silica Grout on Liquefaction Potential and Cyclic Undrained Behavior of Loose Sand”, Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering , 22, 1017-1026, (2002).
  • [30] Fritzges, M. B., “Biologically Induced Improvement of the Response of Sands”, Master's Thesis, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 111, (2005).
  • [31] Baxter, C. D., Bradshaw, A. S., & Veyera, G. E.,“Liquefaction Potential of Inorganic and Organic Silts”, URITC Project No.00060, University of Rhode Island, 42, (2005).
  • [32] ASTM., Designation: D 4767-04, “Standart Test Method for Consolidated Undrained Triaxial Compression Test for Cohesive Soils”, West Conshohocken, PA, (2004).
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ayşe Özdoğan Dölçek 0000-0001-9740-2273

Publication Date December 1, 2023
Submission Date August 25, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 26 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Özdoğan Dölçek, A. (2023). Triaxial Shear Behavior And Microstructure Of Microbially Treated Sand Specimens. Politeknik Dergisi, 26(4), 1675-1682. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.986565
AMA Özdoğan Dölçek A. Triaxial Shear Behavior And Microstructure Of Microbially Treated Sand Specimens. Politeknik Dergisi. December 2023;26(4):1675-1682. doi:10.2339/politeknik.986565
Chicago Özdoğan Dölçek, Ayşe. “Triaxial Shear Behavior And Microstructure Of Microbially Treated Sand Specimens”. Politeknik Dergisi 26, no. 4 (December 2023): 1675-82. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.986565.
EndNote Özdoğan Dölçek A (December 1, 2023) Triaxial Shear Behavior And Microstructure Of Microbially Treated Sand Specimens. Politeknik Dergisi 26 4 1675–1682.
IEEE A. Özdoğan Dölçek, “Triaxial Shear Behavior And Microstructure Of Microbially Treated Sand Specimens”, Politeknik Dergisi, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 1675–1682, 2023, doi: 10.2339/politeknik.986565.
ISNAD Özdoğan Dölçek, Ayşe. “Triaxial Shear Behavior And Microstructure Of Microbially Treated Sand Specimens”. Politeknik Dergisi 26/4 (December 2023), 1675-1682. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.986565.
JAMA Özdoğan Dölçek A. Triaxial Shear Behavior And Microstructure Of Microbially Treated Sand Specimens. Politeknik Dergisi. 2023;26:1675–1682.
MLA Özdoğan Dölçek, Ayşe. “Triaxial Shear Behavior And Microstructure Of Microbially Treated Sand Specimens”. Politeknik Dergisi, vol. 26, no. 4, 2023, pp. 1675-82, doi:10.2339/politeknik.986565.
Vancouver Özdoğan Dölçek A. Triaxial Shear Behavior And Microstructure Of Microbially Treated Sand Specimens. Politeknik Dergisi. 2023;26(4):1675-82.