1 The opposite thesis was strongly maintained by Augusto Rostagni, see the studies now collected in his Scritti Minori, I (Torino, 1955), but he has not convinced later scholars, see e.g. Gerald F. Else, Aristotle's Poetics (Leiden, 1957), p. 337, n. 125, and Brink, C. O., Horace on Poetry (Cambridge, 1963), p. 140 Google Scholar, n. 2.

2 The evidence for the existence of a second book seems to me irrefutable; cf. the note of the last editor, Rudolf Kassel, on the final lines of the Poetics ﹛Aristotelis de Arte Poetica Liber, Oxford, 1965, p. 49). In his recent big monograph Professor Ingemar Diihring has been unable to make up his mind on this point (Aristoteles, Heidelberg, 1966, pp. 126 and 162).

3 See Baumstark, Anton, Aristoteles bei den Syrem vom V.-Vlll. Jahrhundert (Leipzig, 1900), pp. 63 Google Scholar ff.; Paul Moraux, Les listes anciennes des ouvrages d'Aristote (Louvain, 1951), pp. 177 ff.; Vito Maselli, ‘Tradizione e cataloghi delle opere aristoteliche', Rivista italiana difilologia e istmzione classica, xxxiv (1956), 337-363.

4 This Arabic translation was edited with a Latin translation and a copious Latin commentary by Jaroslaus Tkatsch, Die arabische Übersetzung der Poetik des Aristoteles, i-n (Vienna, 1928-1932), but see Kassel's remarks (pp. cit., pp. x ff.). The Arabic text has been re-edited by A. Badawi (Cairo, 1953); see Ch. Pellet's review (Arabica, 2, 1955) and R. Paret, ‘Notes bibliographiques sur quelques travaux consacrés aux premieres traductions arabes d'oeuvres grecques', Byzantion, XXIX-XXX (1959-1960), 403 ff.

5 See Harry A. Wolfson, ‘Revised Plan for the Publication of a Corpus Commentariorum Averro'is in Aristotelem', Speculum, XXXVIII (1963), 90 ff.

6 See Tkatsch, op. cit., 1, 130 ff.

7 Fausto Lasinio, II commento medio de Averroe alia poetica di Aristotelo, 1-2 (Pisa, 1872). The third part, which was to contain an Italian translation, and, eventually, Hermannus' Latin translation, was never published.

8 Gesamtkatalog der Wiegendrucke no. 2478. I have used a copy in the Royal Library, Stockholm.

9 The statement of Professor Weinberg, Bernard, A History of Literary Criticism in the Italian Renaissance, 1 (Chicago, 1961), 352 Google Scholar, that it was reprinted after 1515 is wrong. The translation printed after 1515 is by Jacobus Mantinus.

10 See Francesco Robortello's severe judgment in bis In librum Aristotelis De Arte Poetica Explicationes (Florence, 1548), Ad lectorem.

11 Weinberg, op. cit., 1, 352 ff.

12 F. Gabrieli, ‘Intorno alia versione arabica della Poetica di Aristotele', Rendiconti dell'Accademia dei Lincei. Classe di scienze morali, Ser. vi, vol. v (1929), 224-235; cf. his 'Estetica e poesia araba nelTinterpretazione della Poetica Aristotelica presso Avicenna e Averroè', Rivista degli studi orientali, XII (1929-1930), 291-331.

13 See Bacon, Roger, Moralis philosophia, ed. Massa, Eugenio (Zürich, 1953), p. 267 Google Scholar, and Massa, ‘Ruggero Bacone e la “Poetica” di Aristotele', Giomale critico della filosofia italiana, XXXII (1953), 457-473.

14 See Tkatsch, op. cit., 1, 134 ff.

15 An inquiry into the use of Averroäs-Hermannus in the Middle Ages is a desideratum. Some materials are collected by me in a short notice (Lychnos, 1960-1961, pp. 149 ff.). There are about 20 MSS extant, see Aristoteks Latinus, l-n. For the Renaissance use of Averroäs-Hermannus, see Joel E. Spingarn, La critica letteraria nel rinascimento (transl. by A. Fusco, Bari 1905), pp. 20 ff.(this Italian edition should be used in preference to the American, as it is more complete) and Sabbadini, Remigio, II metodo degli umanisti (Florence, 1922), pp. 70 Google Scholar ff.

16 See Ullman, Berthold L., The Humanism of Coluccio Salutati (Padua, 1963), p. ⁵⁹ Google Scholar n. 3, who, however, in another passage suggests that Salutati ‘may have known [the Poetics] from a translation rather than from the commentary of Averroes’ (p. 216). Professor Ullman promised ‘to return to this point on another occasion', but seems not to have done it.

17 Vol. XXXIII (Paris, 1953), see Ezio Franceschini's and Lorenzo Minio-Paluello's preface.

18 Aristoteks Latinus, XXXIII, p. vii.

19 See Gustavo Vinay's learned and interesting study ‘II Mussato e 1'estetica medievale', Giornale storico della letteratura italiana, CXXVI (1949), 113-159.

20 See my paper on the medieval use of Averroäs’ commentary (Lychnos, 1960-1961, pp. 150 ff.).

21 See Edgar Lobel, The Greek Manuscripts of Aristotle's Poetics (Supplement to the Transactions of the Bibliographical Society, 9, London 1933), p. 9, and André Wartelle, Inventaire des manuscrits grecs d'Aristote et de ses commentateurs (Paris, 1963), p. 155 (no. 2101).

22 R. Sabbadini, Il metodo degli umanisti, pp. 72 ff.

23 Robortello, op. cit., Ad lectorem.

24 See Angelo Maria Bandini, Catalogus Codicum Graecorum Bibliothecae Laurentianae, II (Florence 1768), col. 604, and Ida Maier, Les manuscrits d'Ange PoUtien (Travaux d'humanisme et de renaissance, LXX, 1965), p. 386, cf. Mostra del Poliziano nella Biblioteca Laurenziana (Firenze, 1955), pp. 72 ff. (no. 71). I have used a microfilm of die MS.

25 Pointed out by Patterson, W. F., Three Centuries of French Poetic Theory (Ann Arbor, 1935). II, 27Google Scholar; cf. Poliziano's Opera (Nicolaus Episcopus, Basel, 1553), p. 473.

26 The prolusio is extant in Cod. Paris. Graecus 3069 and was printed by Léon Dorez, 'LTiellenisme d'Ange Politien', Melanges d'archéologie et d'histoire, xv (1895), 25-28; cf. Oratio in expositionem Homeri in Opera, p. 496. For once, Sabbadini was wrong, when he claimed that there was no trace of the Poetics in Poliziano's lectures on Homer (op. cit., pp. 73 ff-).

27 See Eugenio Garin, Lafilosofia, 1 (Storia dei generi letterari italiani, 1, Milano, 1947), pp. 366 ff. and ‘Filologia e poesia in Angelo Poliziano', Rassegna della letteratura italiana (1954), 349-366; also Emilio Bigi, ‘La cultura del Poliziano', Belfagor (1954), 632-653.

27a On these lectures, see Isidoro Del Lungo ‘Uno Scolare dello studio fiorentino’ in his Florentia (Florence, 1897), pp. 91-183, and Ida Maier, Ange Politien. La formation d'unpoéte humaniste (Travaux humanisme et de renaissance, LXXXI, Geneva, 1966), pp. 372 ff.

28 See Carlo Dionisotti, ‘Aldo Manuzio umanista’ in Umanesimo europeo e umanesimo veneziano, ed. Vittore Branca (Florence, 1963), p. 230.

29 Thanks to Vittore Branca, we have a good edition of Barbara's Epistolae, Orationes et Carmina, i-n (Firenze, 1943). The monograph by Arnaldo Ferriguto, Almord Barbaro, Yalta cultura del settentrione d'Italia net 400 (Miscellanea di storia veneta, Ser. III, Vol. xv, 1922) is now largely superseded and ought to be replaced by a modern work. Pio Paschini, ‘Tre illustri prelati del rinascimento', Lateranum, N.S., xxm (1957) adds nothing to our knowledge of Barbaro. Important is, on the contrary, P. O. Kristeller, ‘Un codice padovano di Aristotele, postillato da Francino e Ermolao Barbaro', Studies in Renaissance Thought and Letters (Rome, 1956), pp. 337-353.

30 On these lectures, see Barbaro's letter to Nicoletto Vernia, 17 December 1484 (Ep. rxn; op. cit., 1, p. 79 ff.) and Kristeller, op. cit., p. 346.

31 Barbaro, op. cit., I, 91-93 (Ep. LXXII).

32 See also Barbaro's letter to Sixtus rv 1480 (Ep. VIII; op. cit., 1, 7 ff.).

33 See Richard Walzer, ‘Zur Traditionsgeschichte der aristotelischen Poetica', Studi italiani dijilologia classica, xi (1934), 5-14, and M. Guide & R. Walzer, ‘Uno scritto introduttivo alio studio di Aristotele', Accademia dei Lincei, Classe di scienze morali, Memorie, Ser. VI, vol. vi (1937-1940). Cf. Kristeller, P. O., Renaissance Thought (New York, 1965), II, 168 ffGoogle Scholar.

34 Barbaro, op. cit., I, 91 ft*.

35 See Barbaro's letters to Roberto Salviati, 1 October 1488, and to Ugolino Verino, 22 November 1488 (op. cit., II, 32 ff. and 37 ff.).

36 Barbaro, op. cit., u, 83 ff.

37 Barbaro, op. cit., n, 38.

38 This edition, which is not listed in Cosenza's Dictionary, can be found in Gesamtkatalog der preussischen Biblioteken, vi (Berlin, 1934), col. 656 / no. 6. 6595, but see Kristeller's doubts (op. cit., p. 343, II. 18). According to the same catalogue, it was reprinted in 1545, 1552, and 1555.

39 In the letter to Niccol6 Leonice (27 September 1527) which accompanies his posthumously published Latin translation of the Poetics, Alessandro Pazzi (Paccius), speaking of the difficulties of translating this work, says: ‘quamquam enim in literis praestantissimus Hermolaus (ut ipse quadam in epistola scribit) hoc idem re praestiturum promittit, non tamen propterea plus animi faciebat. etenim cum nihil tale reperiatur, vel illud omisisse credi poterat, vel certe parum sibi in eo satisfecisse’ (Aristotelis Poetica, per Alexandrum Paccium, Patriticem Florentinum, in Latinum conversa, Aldus, Venice, 1536, f. a nnr). I have used a copy in Uppsala University Library.

40 Barbaro, op. cit., n, 107 ff.

41 The list of MSS printed by A. Diller, ‘The Library of Francesco and Ermolao Barbaro', Italia medievale e umanistica, vi (1963[1964]), 253-262, does not contain the Poetics.

42 Ferriguto, op. cit., p. 158, n. 2.

43 J. L. Heiberg, Beiträge zur Geschichte Georg Valla s und seiner Bibliothek (xvi. Beiheft zum Centralblatt für Bibliothekswesen, Leipzig, 1896); cf. my paper ‘Den forsta nyaristoteliska renassanspoetiken', Lychnos, 1959, pp. 55-69).

44 An interesting and moving picture of Giorgio Valla on his deathbed is given in a letter from Vincentius Longinus to his teacher, the famous German humanist Conrad Celtis; see Der Briefwechsel des Konrad Celt is, ed. Hans Rupprich (Veröffentlichungen der Kommission zur Erforschung der Geschichte der Reformation und Gegenreformation, Humanistenbriefe), III, (Leipzig, 1934), 435 (no. 256, November-December 1500). Valla died in Venice 23 January 1500.

45 Georgio Valla Placentino Interprete. Hoc in volumine hec continentur: Nicephori Logica etc. (Venice, 1498, apud Simonem Papiensem Bevilaquam; Hain 11748). I have used a copy in Uppsala University Library. There is a possibility that the Poetics, like some other parts of this collection, had been edited separately earlier, cf. Heiberg, op. cit., p. 38.

46 Not, as usually stated (cf. Weinberg, op. cit., 1, 367) by Janos Laskaris; see £mile Legrand, Bibliographie hellénique, XV^e; et XVI^e siècles (Paris, 1885), 1, 82 ff. and Deno John Geanakoplos, Greek Scholars in Venice (Cambridge, Mass., 1962), pp. 226 ff.

47 Lane Cooper and Alfred Gudeman, A Bibliography of the Poetics of Aristotle (Cornell Studies in English, 4,1928), p. 19, mentions an edition of 1507 which I have been unable to locate.

48 See Lobel, op. cit., pp. 8 ff., 24 ff.

49 Pazzi, loc. cit., Spingarn, op. cit., p. 333, prints a very negative judgment by Lionardo Salviati.

50 Robortello, op. cit., Ad lectorem.

51 Weinberg, op. cit., j , 361.

52 Op. cit., 1, 362 ff.

53 Curiously enough, this seems to have escaped Professor Weinberg's attention, though he prints Valla's translation of the whole Aristotelian definition of tragedy (op. cit, 1, 372). William of Moerbeke, using a MS belonging to the same family as Valla's, simply wrote ‘mathematum’ (Aristoteles Latinus, XXXIII, p. 8); cf. Kassel ad he.

54 See Valla's—unfortunately undated—letter to Federico Molino (Heiberg, op. cit., pp. 93 ff.; ep. 43).

55 Wind, Edgar, Pagan Mysteries of the Renaissance (London, 1958), p. 38 Google Scholar, II. 2, pointed out that the title is taken from Cicero Definibus I, 14, who, in his turn, got it from Epicurus Diogenes Laärtius x, 27.

56 A. Renouard, Annates de Vimprimerie des Aide (third ed., Paris, 1834), pp. 30 ff.

57 A curious fact should be noticed: Problematum liber units which, according to the table of contents which serves as a title page, should follow upon De Medicina and precede De Grammatica, is missing. In the copies I have seen, the last, seventh book of De Medicina is immediately followed by the first book of De Grammatica.

58 Ep. 27 to Guido Antonio Simoneta (Heiberg, op. cit., p. 82).

59 January 1492, Valla had reached the 22nd book, and January 1494, he had already written 42 books; see ep. 13 and 27 (Heiberg, op. cit., pp. 69 ff. and 82, cf. p. 34).

60 In diis as in other quotations from Valla's book, I have expanded the abbreviations and normalized the spelling. The book lacks pagination.

61 On Diomedes and late Roman grammar, see E. R. Curtius, Europdische Literatur und Lateinisches Mittelalter (2nd ed. Bern, 1954), pp. 437-440. Diomedes has ‘rhytmo’ instead of'numero', see Grammatici Latini, ed. H. Keil (Leipzig, 1857), I, 473.

62 See R. Sabbadini, Lt scoperte dei coidci latini e greet ne’ secoli XIV^e XV (Florence, 1905), p. 112, n. 27. Valla indicates fab dependence upon Diomedes widi die word*: 'Poetica est nt solet diffiniri.'

63 As W. Studemund, ‘Duo commentaria de commedia', Philologus,XLVl (1888), 1-20, painted out.

64 I have dwnmed diis matter in my paper an Valla in Lydmas, 1959. pp. 63 S.

65 On the classical sources of these statements, see Studemund, op. at. and my paper, quoted in n. 64.

66 Heiberg, op. cit, p. 36.

66a Cf. Ullman, Berthold L., The Humanism of Coluccio Salutati (Padua, 1963), pp. ⁹⁶ Google Scholar ff.

67 See Heiberg, Philologische Studien zu griechischen Mathematikern, III, Die Handschrifien Georg Vattas von griechischen Mathematikern (Jahrbücher für classische Philologie, Supplement, 12, 1881), pp. 375-402.

68 Studemund's analysis is limited to a short section of De poetica.

69 Valla's encyclopaedia is to be found in most great libraries. Evidently, the edition must have been rather big. Some parts of the work were reprinted, though not, as far as I know, De poetica.

70 As appears from Martin Luther's An den christlichen Adel deutscher Nation (1520); see my paper ‘Luther och Aristoteles’ poetik', Lychnos, 1960-1961, pp. 142-162. It may be added that Melanchthon's proposal to edit all Aristotle's works was perhaps inspired by Barbaro's plan, for he knew Barbaro's letters, see Ferriguto, op. cit., pp. 384 fF. Years ago, Julius Ebner, Beitrag zu einer Geschichte der dramatischen Einheiten in Italien (Leipzig, 1898), pp. 56, 161 ff., pointed out that in the Prologus to Carlo Verardi's Historia Betica (Rome, Eucherius Silber, 1493) there is an obvious allusion to the Poetics 1451 b 1 ff. The Historia Betica is a prose-play about the fall of Granada, which was performed in Rome 21 April 1492. The editio princeps was reprinted by L. Barrau-Dihigo in Revue Hispanique, 47 (1919/20), pp. 319-382; the passage occurs on p. 328. Verardi was a papal chamberlain and may have had his knowledge of the Poetics from Ermolao Barbaro, who just in these years was in Rome.

71 Weinberg, op. cit., I, 367 ff. An interesting reference to the Poetics can be found in an important text which Professor Weinberg passes over in silence, namely the letter De imitatione, addressed to Pietro Bembo by Gianfrancesco Pico in 1512; see Gianfrancesco Pico della Mirandola and Pietro Bembo, Le epistole ‘De imitatione', ed. Giorgo Santangelo (Florence, 1954), p. 27.

72 See Bondini's letter in Aristotelis Opera, 1 (after Aldus’ preface). Cf. Luigi Minio- Paluello's important paper, ‘Attivita filosofico-editoriale aristotelica nell'umanesimo', in Umanesimo europeo e utnanesimo veneziano, ed. Vittore Branca, 1963, pp. 245-262.

73 Giornale storico della letteratura italiana, LIV (1934), pp. 1-63, 185-240. One of Zonta's few readers is Professor August Buck; see his Italienische Dichtungslehren (Beihefte Zur Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie, 94, Tubingen, 1952), p. 150, n. 12 f.

74 Op. cit., p. 17.

75 However, this does not implicate that I agree with Zonta's own interpretation of Aristotle.

76 Comparative Literature, v (1953), 97-104; reprinted in Aristotle's Poetics and English Literature, ed. Elder Olson (Chicago, 1965), pp. 195-200. The quotations are from this reprint. Professor Weinberg has later treated the same topic in his big book.

77 See Brink, C. O., Horace on poetry (Cambridge, 1963), p. 203 Google Scholar.1 do not intend to deny the influence of rhetoric on Horace himself, so amply demonstrated by Brink.

78 Unfortunately, there is no Horatian equivalent to Comparetti's classical work on Virgil. But enough is known of the vicissitudes of the De arte poetica in the middle ages to make it impossible to speak of ‘a gap’ in the study of this work as Weinberg does (op. cit., 1, 79); cf. Luigi Sorrento, ‘Orazio e il medio evo', Conferenze oraziane, Milano (1936), 118 ff. Medieval commentaries on the De arte poetica were published by Joseph Zechmeister, Scholia Vindobonensia ad Horatii Artem Poeticam (Vienna, 1877) and H. J. Botschuyver, Scholia in Horatium, iv: I (Amsterdam, 1940)—both from Carolingian rimes. See also G. Curcio, ‘Commenti medioevali ad Orazio', Rivistc di filologia e d'istruzione classica, xxxv, (1907), 43-68; E. Faral, Les arts poitiques du XII^e et du XIII' siicle (Paris, 1924), pp. 99 ff.; and Charles L. Baldwin, Medieval Rhetoric and Poetics (New York, 1928), p. xi.

79 The Fusion of Aristotelian and Horatian Literary Criticism, 1531-1555 has been well treated by Marvin T. Herrick (Urbana, 1946).