بررسی اثرات ضد باکتریائی عصاره الکلی آویشن علیه باکتری پنی باسیلوس لاروا عامل بیماری لوک آمریکائی زنبورعسل و میزان سالم بودن آن برای زنبوران بالغ

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل

نویسنده

استادیار پژوهشی سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان غربی، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

در این بررسی اثرات ضد باکتریائی عصاره اتانولی آویشن روی باکتری پنی باسیلوس لاروا عامل بیماری لوک آمریکایی زنبورعسل و میزان سالم بودن این عصاره برای زنبوران بالغ مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. ابتدا از برگ‌های گیاه آویشن با استفاده از الکل اتانول عصاره‌گیری به عمل آمد. سپس رقت‌های مختلف از عصاره در محیط کشت مایع و دیسک‌های کاغذی استاندارد ایجاد گردید و باکتری پنی‌باسیلوس لاروا به دو شیوه انتشار در آگار و براث دیلوشن تحت تأثیر آن‌ها قرار داده شد. همچنین تعدادی زنبورعسل بالغ در گروه‌های مختلف با رقت‌های مختلف عصاره الکلی آویشن مورد تغذیه قرار گرفتند. رقت‌های مختلف عصاره الکلی آویشن باعث مهار رشد باکتری پنی‌باسیلوس لاروا در محیط کشت شد و با گروه‌های شاهد تفاوت معنی‌داری مشاهده گردید (05/0>p). همچنین رقت‌های مختلف عصاره الکلی آویشن در مقایسه با گروه‌های شاهد، منجر به بروز هیچ‌گونه عارضه‌ای در زنبوران بالغ تحت درمان نگردیدند. تحقیق حاضر نشان داد که عصاره الکلی گیاه آویشن دارای اثرات ضد باکتریائی زیادی روی باکتری پنی باسیلوس لاروا عامل بیماری لوک آمریکائی زنبورعسل در محیط کشت بوده و با توجه به سالم بودن برای زنبوران بالغ، در صورت بررسی‌های بیشتر می‌تواند به عنوان یکی از روش‌های مبارزه با بیماری مذکور مورد توجه قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Survey of Antibacterial Effects of Thymus Vulgaris Ethanolic Extract on the Paenibacillus larvae, the Causative Agent of Honeybee American Foulbrood Disease and Its Safety for Adult Honeybees

نویسنده [English]

  • mostafa moradi
member of board scientific agriculture research center and nature resource west azarbaijan.
چکیده [English]

In this study, the antibacterial effects of thyme ethanolic extract on the  Paenibacillus larvae, the Causative agent of  honeybee American Foulbrood Disease were studied and the effect of this extract was studied on the adult bees. First, the leaves of the thyme were extracted using ethanol. Paenibacillus larvae was subjected todifferent dilutions of thymus vulgaris extract by two methods: Agar Diffusion and Broth Dilution. Also, adult honey bees were fed with different dilutions of thyme extract.Different dilutions of thyme extracts inhibited the growth of Paenibacillus larvae in the culture medium, and there was a significant difference between the treatments and control groups (P<0.005). Also, different dilutions of thyme extract had not any side effects on the treated adult bees, in comparison with control groups.The results of this study showed that alcoholic extract of thymus vulgaris has a high antibacterial effect on Paenibacillus larvae, the causative agent of American Foulbrood disease in the culture medium. On the other hand, this extract is safe for adult honeybees and can  be used as a remedy for American Foulbrood disease in the bee colonies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Honeybee
  • Thymus Vulgaris
  • American Foulbrood Disease
  • Paenibacillus Larvae
  • Antibacterial Effect
1. Albo, G . N., C. Henning., J.Ringuelet., F.J. Reynaldi., M.R. De Giusti., and A..M. Alippi. 2003. Evaluation Of Some Essential Oils For The Control And Prevention Of American Foulbrood Disease In Honey Bees. Apidologie 34: 417–427.
2. Alippi, A.M., G. N. Albo., D. Leniz., l. Rivera., M.L. Zanelli., and A.E. Roca. 1999. Comparative study of tylosin, erythromycin and oxytetracycline to control AFB of bees. Journal of Apicultural Research 38(3-4):149-158.
3. Bailey, L. and B.V. Ball .1991. Honey Bee Pathology. 2nd edn. Academic Press, London.
4. Behnia, M., A. Haghighi., H. Komeylizadeh., S. J. Seyyedtabaei, And A. Abadi .2008. Inhibitory Effects Of Iranian Thymus Vulgaris Extracts On In Vitro Growth Of Entamoeba histolytica. The Korean Journal Of Parasitology (Kjp)46(3):153-156.
5. Bonyadian,M and G. karim.2003. Study of the effects of some volatile oils of herbs( pennyroyal, peppermint, tarragon, caraway seed and Thyme) against E.coli and S. aureus in broth media. Journal of Veterinary Research 57(4) :,81-84(in farsi).
6. Dalirsani, Z., M. Aghazadeh., M. Adibpour., M. Amirchaghmaghi., A. Pakfetratp,. M. Mozaffari., M. Mehdipour And A. Taghavi Zenooz. 2011..In Vitro Comparison Of The Antimicrobial Activity Of Ten Herbal Extracts Against Streptococcus Mutans With Chlorhexidine. Journal Of Applied Sciences11(5) : 878-88.
7. Ebert, T,A., P.G. Kevan., B.L. Bishop., S.D. Kevan and R.A. Downer. 2007. Oral Toxicity Of Essential Oils And Organic Acids Fed To Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera), Journal of Apicultural Research 46: 220–224.
8. Fayad, N.K.2013. Water And Alcohol Extraction Of Thyme Plant (Thymus Vulgaris) And Activity Study Against Bacteria, Tumors And Used As Anti-Oxidant In Margarine Manufacture. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering4(1) : 41-51.
9. Gallai, N., J.M. Salles., J. Settele and B.E.Vaissiere.2009. Economic valuation of the vulnerability of world agriculture confronted with pollinator decline. Ecological Economics 68: 810-821.
10. Genersch, E.2010. American Foulbrood in honeybees and its causative agent, Paenibacillus larvae. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 103: 510–519.
11. Heyndrickx, M., K. Vandemeulebroecke., B. Hoste., P. Janssen., K. Kersters., P. De Vos., N. A. Logan., N. Ali and R.C.W. Kerkeley.1996. Reclassification Of Paenibacillus (Formerly Bacillus)Pulvifaciens (Nakamura, 1984). Ash Et Al., 1993, A Later Subjective Synonym Of Paenibacillus(Formerly Bacillus) Larvae (White, 1906) Ash Et Al., 1994, As A Subspecies Of P. Larvae, With Amended Descriptions Of P. Larvae As P. Larvae Ssp. Larvae And P. Larvae Ssp. Pulvifaciens. International Journal Of Systematic Bacteriology 46: 270-279.
12. Imdorf A., V. Kilchenmann., S. Bogdanov., B. Bachofen., C. Beretta.1995. Toxic Effects Of Thymol, Camphor, Menthol And Eucalyptol On Varroa Jacobsoni Oud And Apis Mellifera L. In A Laboratory Test. Apidologie26: 27–31.
13. Klein, A.M., B. E. Vaissiere., J.H.Cane., I. Steffan-Dewenter., S. A. Cunningham., C. Kremen., T. Tscharntke.2007. Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops. Proceedings Of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274: 303-313.
14. Machado,M., Am. Dinis., L. Salgueiro., C. Cavaleiro., Jb. Custódio., Mdo. C. Sousa. 2010. Anti-Giardia Activity Of Phenolic-Rich Essential Oils: Effects Of Thymbra Capitata, Origanum Virens, Thymus Zygis Subsp. Sylvestris, And Lippia Graveolens On Trophozoites Growth, Viability, Adherence, And Ultrastructure. Parasitology Research 106(5) : 1205-1215.
15. Matheson, A. And M. Reid.1992. Strategies For The Prevention And Control Of AFB. Parts I, II And III. The American Bee Journal 134(8) : 534-547.
16. Mohammad Pour (2010(. Evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal properties of essential oils of three species of thyme and two ecotypes of Kakotti and Satureja bachtiarica. Journal of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University 20(1/78): 111-120 (In farsi).
17. Moradi .M. 2009. Antibacterial Effect Of Etanolic Extract of Honeybee Propolis on the Paenibacillus Larvae Larvae (Causative Agent Of Honeybee American Foulbrood Disease). Veterinary Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi) 83: 57-61(in farsi).
18. Moritz, R.F.A., J. De Miranda., I.Fries., Y. Le Conte., P. Neumann., R.J. Paxton.2010. Research Strategies To Improve Honeybee Health In Europe. Apidologie 41: 227-242.
19. Moosavy, M., A. Basti., A. Misaghi., H. Jabbari-Khamaneh., G. Karim and T. Zahraei Salehi. 2010. Survey The of Effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. Essential Oil on the Growth of Salmonella typhimurium in a Commercial Barley Soup. Journal of Medicinal Plants 2 (34):109-116 (In farsi).
20. Peng, C.Y.S., E. Mussen., A.Fong., P. Wong. G. Cheng and M.A. Montague.1996. Laboratory And Field Studies On The Effects Of The Antibiotic Tylosin On Honey Bee Apis Mellifera L. (Hymenoptera:Apidae). Development And Prevention of AFB Disease. Journal Of Invertebrate Pathology 67: 65-71.
21. Sabiha, S. S.2012. The Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Thymus vulgaris on Salmonella typhi in Rabbets. British Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology3(4) : 147-150.
22. Silva, F.C.D., S.M.Chalfoun., V.M.D.Siqueira., D.M.D.S. Botelho., N.Lima and L.R. Batista.2012. Evaluation Of Antifungal Activity Of Essential Oils Against Potentially Mycotoxigenic Aspergillus Flavus And Aspergillus Parasiticus. Revista Brasileira De Farmacognosia 22:1002–1010.
23. Zahraei –Salehi, T., M. Vojgani., M. Bayat, H. Torshizi., A. Akhondzadeh.2005. Determination of minimum inhibitory concenteration (MIC) of extract of zataria multiflora against the Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and E.coli . Journal of Veterinary Research 60: 107-110(in farsi).