همکاری با انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران

چکیده

خشکی خصوصیات مورفولوژی، فیزیولوژی و بیوشیمیایی گیاهان را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد و اثرات عمده‌ای بر تولیدات کشاورزی می‌گذارد. به همین ‌منظور مطالعه‌ای با عنوان ارزیابی اثر خشکی بر برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد دانه جمعیت‌های گیاه دارویی بالنگو (Lallemantia royleana Benth.)، در مزرعه پژوهشی گیاهان دارویی دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه شاهد انجام شد. آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 94-1393 اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل سه سطح خشکی از مرحله گلدهی به‌عنوان فاکتور اصلی (قابلیت رطوبت خاک 0.5-، 6.5- و 9.5- اتمسفر) و جمعیت‌های بالنگو شامل یک جمعیت از استان کردستان و چهار جمعیت از استان اصفهان (اصفهان3، اصفهان5، اصفهان6، اصفهان7) به‌عنوان فاکتور فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل عملکرد دانه، وزن هزاردانه، رنگریزه‌های فتوسنتزی، محتوای پرولین، محتوای فنل برگ، محتوای مالون‌دی‌آلدئید، شاخص پایداری غشاء و فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز بود. نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی بر صفات مورد مطالعه بجز محتوای کلروفیل b و نسبت کلروفیل a/b معنی‌دار بود. جمعیت و اثر متقابل آن بر تمامی صفات مورد ارزیابی بجز محتوای آنتوسیانین تأثیر معنی‌داری داشت. خشکی باعث کاهش محتوای رنگریزه‌های فتوسنتزی، شاخص پایداری غشاء، وزن هزاردانه و عملکرد دانه شد. با افزایش تنش خشکی فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز و محتوای پاداکسایش‌های غیرآنزیمی مانند ترکیب‌های فنلی، کاروتنوئید، آنتوسیانین و محتوای پرولین برای القاء تحمل به خشکی افزایش یافت. جمعیت اصفهان3 در تنش نسبتاً شدید بیشترین عملکرد دانه را با میانگین 312.77 کیلوگرم در هکتار و محتوای پرولین را با میانگین 14.02 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن تر برگ داشت.

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