نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی بخش تحقیقات مهندسی صنایع غذایی و فناوری های پس از برداشت موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی

2 کارشناس ارشد، بخش تحقیقات مهندسی صنایع غذایی و فناوری های پس از برداشت مؤسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی

چکیده

در این پژوهش، از دماهای بالا (50، 60 و 70 درجه سلسیوس به مدت 1 و 2 ساعت در رطوبت نسبی 80-75 درصد) و از دماهای پایین (5- و صفر درجه سلسیوس به مدت 24 و 48 ساعت) برای کنترل آفات انباری در ارقام خرمای قصب و شمسایی استفاده شد. ارقام خرما پس از تیماردهی و بسته‌بندی، در انبار معمولی و سردخانه برای مدت 6 ماه نگهداری شدند و میزان آلودگی به آفات، آزمون‌های میکروبی و شیمیایی به فاصله هر دو ماه بررسی شد. شب‌پره میوه‌خوار خرما (Ephestia figulliella) و کنه تارتن (Oligonychus afrasiaticus) از آفات مهم ارقام خرمای قصب و شمسایی در منطقه شهداد استان کرمان گزارش شده‌اند. دمای 70 درجه سلسیوس برای مدت 2 ساعت بیشترین تأثیر را در کاهش میزان آلودگی به آفات و بار میکروبی در این ارقام خرما نشان داد. میزان آلودگی به آفات و درصد اسیدیته در نمونه‌های موجود در انبار معمولی با گذشت زمان افزایش یافت درحالی‌که نمونه‌های موجود در سردخانه نه‌تنها میزان آلودگی و درصد اسیدیته کمتری داشتند بلکه با گذشت زمان، میزان آلودگی به آفت و درصد اسیدیته در آنها به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت. استفاده از سردخانه در جلوگیری از فعالیت آفات و میکروارگانیسم‌ها در ارقام خرمای قصب و شمسایی مؤثر گزارش شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Physical Treatments on Reduction of Microbial Load and Control of Storage Pests in Ghasb and Shamsaei Date Varieties

چکیده [English]

In this study, heat treatments (Temperatures of 50 oC, 60 oC and 70 oC for 1h & 2 h in 75-80% RH) and low temperatures (0 oC and -5 oC for 24 h and 48 h) were used in controlling of storage pests in Ghasb and Shamsaei date varieties. After treating and packaging, the date varieties were stored in cold room and also at ambient temperature for 6 months and the rate of pest infestation, microbial and chemical analysis were carried out after 2 interval months of storage. Oligonychus afrasiaticus and Ephestia figulliella were reported as important pests of Ghasb and Shamsaei dates in Shahdad region. Temperature of 70 oC for 2 h was the most effective for disinfestation and reduction of microbial load in Ghasb and Shamsaei date fruits. The rate of pest infestation and acidity (as lactic acid) in the samples of stored at ambient temperature increased during storage. The samples stored in cold room had not only the lowest rate of acidity and pest infestation but also the rate of infestation and acidity significantly reduced in these samples during storage. Cold room was effective in preventing the activity of microorganisms and pests in Ghasb and Shamsaei date varieties.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Date
  • Disinfection
  • Heat treatment
  • Low temperature
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