اثر استفاده از سطوح مختلف ساپونین بر قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی، فراسنجه‌های تخمیری، جمعیت پروتوزوآی شکمبه‌ای و فراسنجه‌های خونی در گوسفندان نر بلوچی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه علوم دامی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه هرات افغانستان

2 استاد گروه علوم دامی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 استادیار گروه علوم دامی مجتمع آموزش عالی تربت جام

4 مربی گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط دانشکده علوم پزشکی تربت جام

چکیده

این آزمایش با هدف مطالعه اثر استفاده از سطوح مختلف ساپونین خالص(Loba Chemie Ltd.) بر قابلیت هضم، فراسنجه‌های تخمیری، جمعیت پروتوزوآی شکمبه‌ای و فراسنجه‌های خونی در گوسفندان نر بلوچی انجام شد. از 4 رأس گوسفند نر بلوچی با میانگین وزن زنده 2/2±3/40 کیلوگرم و دارای فیستولای شکمبه‌ای در قالب طرح چرخشی استفاده شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل 1-جیره پایه (شاهد)، 2-جیره پایه + 75 میلی‌گرم ساپونین در هرکیلوگرم ماده خشک جیره، 3-جیره پایه + 150 میلی‌گرم ساپونین و 4-جیره پایه + 300 میلی‌گرم ساپونین بودند. ساپونین، تأثیری بر قابلیت هضم ظاهری ماده خشک، ماده آلی، پروتئین خام، چربی خام، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی و خنثی (ADF وNDF) جیره نداشت (05/0P>). غلظت‌ استات، پروپیونات، بوتیرات، والرات و نیز pH مایع شکمبه تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفت (05/0P>)، اما سطح 300 میلی‌گرم ساپونین باعث افزایش کل اسیدهای چرب فرار در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد شد (05/0>P). با افزایش ساپونین در جیره، میانگین غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی و جمعیت پروتوزوآ کاهش یافت (05/0>P). همچنین میانگین سطح تری‌گلیسیرید خون با افزایش ساپونین در جیره، کاهش یافت (05/0>p) ولی سطح کلسترول، لیپوپروتئین‌های با چگالی کم یا زیاد (LDL و HDL) تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفت (05/0P>). هرچند استفاده از ساپونین تا سطح 300 میلی‌گرم در جیره گوسفندان در کوتاه مدت، اثر سوئی بر سلامت دام نداشت، اما در میان فراسنجه‌های مورد مطالعه، غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی، کل اسیدهای چرب فرار، تری‌گلیسرید، و شمار پروتوزوآی شکمبه‌ای تحت تأثیر مصرف ساپونین قرار گرفت. با این وجود برای اثبات اثرات مفید ساپونین بر عملکرد دام، نیاز به مطالعات بیشتر می‌باشد.

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