بررسی تأثیر تراکم کاشت بر صفات زراعی ارقام کنجد در کرج

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 موسسه اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج

چکیده

تعیین تراکم بوته بهینه در افزایش عملکرد دانه‌های روغنی نقش مهمی دارد. واکنش گیاهان زراعی مختلف و حتی ارقام یک گونه به تعداد بوته در واحد سطح متفاوت است. در این تحقیق پاسخ شش رقم کنجد (Seasamum indicum L.) شامل هلیل، دشتستان۲، داراب۱، اولتان، یلو وایت و ناز تک‌شاخه به سه تراکم ۲۰، ۴۰ و ۶۰ بوته در مترمربع از جنبه‌های مختلف کمی و کیفی بررسی شد. آزمایش در تابستان ۱۳۹۵ در مزرعه موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که تأثیر تراکم بر تمام صفات به‌جز وزن هزار دانه و شاخص برداشت معنی‌دار بود. همچنین اثر متقابل تراکم و رقم بر تعداد کپسول در بوته، عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت و درصد روغن معنی‌دار شد. در تراکم ۲۰ و ۴۰ بوته در مترمربع بیشینه عملکرد دانه از رقم دشتستان۲ به‌دست آمد اما در تراکم ۶۰ بوته رقم ناز تک‌شاخه برتر بود. اگرچه در تمامی ارقام با افزایش تراکم از ۲۰ به ۴۰ بوته در مترمربع، عملکرد دانه افزایش یافت اما بیش‌ترین مقدار افزایش مربوط به رقم ناز تک‌شاخه بود. تمام ارقام به‌استثنای رقم ناز تک‌شاخه در بالاترین سطح تراکم با افت شدید عملکرد دانه مواجه شدند. بر این اساس در انتخاب تراکم بوته بایستی به ویژگی‌های ارقام توجه شود، به نحوی که ضمن استفاده گیاه از عوامل محیطی، رقابت بین بوته‌ها کاهش یافته و حداکثر عملکرد اقتصادی حاصل شود.

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