نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license I Open Access I
نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه علوم ورزشی دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
2 .کارشناس ارشد فیزیولوژی ورزشی، گروه علوم ورزشی دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
3 دانشیار گروه تربیت بدنی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بندر انزلی، بندر انزلی، ایران
چکیده
هوای گرم و مرطوب، عامل محدودکننده برای فعالیت‌های بلندمدت است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر تعیین اثر پیش‌خنک‌سازی (PC) بر زمان واماندگی، سطوح لاکتات و الکترولیت‌های پلاسمای مردان تمرین‌نکرده در گرما بود. آزمودنی‌ها 20 مرد تمرین‌نکرده با دامنۀ سنی 21-19 سال بودند که به‌صورت تصادفی به دو گروه کنترل و تجربی تقسیم شدند (10=n). دمای مرکزی، دمای پوست، ضربان قلب، سطوح لاکتات و الکترولیت‌های پلاسما در سه مرحله: پایه، پس از گرم کردن و PC، و بعد از آزمون وامانده‌ساز اندازه‌گیری شد. PC شامل غوطهوری در آب خنک (26 درجه) به مدت 10 دقیقه (در دمای محیطی 34-32 درجه) بود. تمرین وامانده‌ساز شامل دویدن (در دمای 33 درجه، رطوبت 50%) روی تردمیل با سرعتkm/h 7 بود که به‌تدریج بهkm/h 10 افزایش یافته و تا رسیدن به واماندگی ادامه می‌یافت. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل واریانس مرکب (SPANOVA) انجام گرفت و معیار سطح معناداری 05/0≥ P در نظر گرفته شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد که زمان رسیدن به واماندگی در گروه PC طولانی‌تر از گروه کنترل بود (0001/0P<). درجۀ حرارت زیر زبانی (05/0P=) و دمای پوست (0001/0P<) و نیز سطح لاکتات (0001/0P<) در گروه PC پایین‌تر از کنترل بود؛ اما در غلظت سدیم و پتاسیم تفاوتی مشاهده نشد. در نتیجه، PC عملکرد استقامتی در محیط گرم را از طریق بهبود ذخیرۀ گرمایی، کاهش سطوح لاکتات و فشار قلبی-عروقی، افزایش می‌دهد.
هوای گرم و مرطوب، عامل محدودکننده برای فعالیت‌های بلندمدت است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر تعیین اثر پیش‌خنک‌سازی (PC) بر زمان واماندگی، سطوح لاکتات و الکترولیت‌های پلاسمای مردان تمرین‌نکرده در گرما بود. آزمودنی‌ها 20 مرد تمرین‌نکرده با دامنۀ سنی 21-19 سال بودند که به‌صورت تصادفی به دو گروه کنترل و تجربی تقسیم شدند (10=n). دمای مرکزی، دمای پوست، ضربان قلب، سطوح لاکتات و الکترولیت‌های پلاسما در سه مرحله: پایه، پس از گرم کردن و PC، و بعد از آزمون وامانده‌ساز اندازه‌گیری شد. PC شامل غوطهوری در آب خنک (26 درجه) به مدت 10 دقیقه (در دمای محیطی 34-32 درجه) بود. تمرین وامانده‌ساز شامل دویدن (در دمای 33 درجه، رطوبت 50%) روی تردمیل با سرعتkm/h 7 بود که به‌تدریج بهkm/h 10 افزایش یافته و تا رسیدن به واماندگی ادامه می‌یافت. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل واریانس مرکب (SPANOVA) انجام گرفت و معیار سطح معناداری 05/0≥ P در نظر گرفته شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد که زمان رسیدن به واماندگی در گروه PC طولانی‌تر از گروه کنترل بود (0001/0P<). درجۀ حرارت زیر زبانی (05/0P=) و دمای پوست (0001/0P<) و نیز سطح لاکتات (0001/0P<) در گروه PC پایین‌تر از کنترل بود؛ اما در غلظت سدیم و پتاسیم تفاوتی مشاهده نشد. در نتیجه، PC عملکرد استقامتی در محیط گرم را از طریق بهبود ذخیرۀ گرمایی، کاهش سطوح لاکتات و فشار قلبی-عروقی، افزایش می‌دهد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Effect of Cold water Immersion on Exhaustion time, Serum Levels of Lactate and Electrolyte Indices of Untrained Men Following an Exhaustive Exercise in the Heat Conditions
نویسندگان [English]
- Ahmad Rahmani 1
- Ahmad Validi 2
- Ahmad Azad 3
1 Department of sport sciences, Faculty of humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
2 Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
3 Department of Physical Education, Bandar Anzali Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Anzali, Iran
چکیده [English]
Warm and humid conditions are the main limiting factor in long-term activities. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pre-cooling (PC) on exhaustion time, plasma levels of lactate and, electrolytes status of untrained men following an exhaustive exercise in the heat conditions. The participants were 20 untrained male students aged 19 to 21, which were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups (n=10). Core body temperature, skin temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, plasma lactate, and electrolytes were measured in three stages: at baseline, after warm-up and PC, and following the exhaustive test. The PC method consisted of immersion in the cold water (26 °C) for 10 minutes (ambient temperature 32-34 °C). The exhaustive exercise protocol included treadmill running (at 33 °C, 50% humidity) at the speed of 7 km/h, which gradually increased to 10 km/h up to exhaustion. The SPANOVA was used for data analysis; and the criterion of significance was set as p< 0.05. Exercise time to exhaustion was longer (p<0.0001) in the PC than in the control conditions. PC decreased oral (p=0.05) and skin (p<0.0001) temperatures and lactate level (p=0.0001). However, there were no significant differences in plasma K and Na concentration. In conclusion, the PC increases endurance performance in a hot environment through enhances heat storage, decreases lactate level and cardiovascular strain.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Endurance performance
- Hot environment
- Physiological changes
- Pre-cooling
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