تحلیل مؤلفه‌‏های سرمایه اجتماعی مؤثر بر مهاجرت روستاییان با نقش میانجی دلبستگی مکانی (موردمطالعه: شهرستان جیرفت)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

چکیده

مهاجرت مهم‌ترین پدیده‏ای است که می‏تواند موجودیت و بقای جوامع روستایی را به خطر بیندازد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثر مؤلفه‌‏های سرمایه اجتماعی و دلبستگی مکانی بر مهاجرت افراد در روستاهای شهرستان جیرفت است. جامعه آماری شامل جمعیت فعال روستایی بود و حجم نمونه با استفاده از جدول کرجسی و مورگان به روش نمونه‏‌گیری تصادفی با انتساب متناسب 382 نفر انتخاب شد. ابزار جمع‌‏آوری داده‏‌ها پرسشنامه‌‏ای محقق ساخته بود که برای تعیین روایی آن از پانل متخصصان استفاده شد. همچنین، به‌منظور سنجش پایایی ابزار تحقیق از آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد و مقدار آن برای سنجه‏‌های مختلف پرسشنامه بین 71/0 تا 83/0 محاسبه گردید. نتایج تحلیل همبستگی پیرسون نشان داد هرچقدر فاصله محل سکونت روستاییان تا شهر بیشتر شود میزان مهاجرت آن‌ها هم به شهرها افزایش می‌یابد، از سوی دیگر هرچقدر سرمایه اجتماعی در میان روستاییان کاهش یابد مهاجرت به میزان زیادی افزایش می‌یابد. واکاوی حاصل از آزمون تحلیل مسیر نیز نشان داد تمام مؤلفه‌‏های سرمایه اجتماعی اثرات مستقیم و معنی‌داری بر مهاجرت دارند و در این بین مشارکت اجتماعی بیشترین اثر مستقیم معنی‌دار را بر مهاجرت روستاییان دارد. ضمن اینکه دلبستگی مکانی نیز دارای اثر منفی مستقیم معنی‏دار بر مهاجرت است. همچنین تمامی مؤلفه‌های سرمایه اجتماعی بر دلبستگی مکانی دارای اثر مستقیم مثبت معنی‌دار هستند، به این معنا که هر چه افراد در جوامع روستایی از سطح بالایی از مشارکت اجتماعی، انسجام اجتماعی، اعتماد اجتماعی، آگاهی اجتماعی و روابط اجتماعی برخوردار باشند احتمال دلبستگی مکانی در آن‌ها بیشتر می‌شود و در نتیجه احتمال مهاجرت در میان آن‌ها کاهش می‌یابد.

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